니켈촉매를 이용한 유지수소화 반응의 공정변수에 관한 연구

강정화,공병희,문상흡 ( J . H . Kang,B . H . Kong,S . H . Moon ) 한국화학공학회 1996 화학공학의이론과응용 Vol.2 No.2

중환자실 간호사의 죽음의미, 죽음불안, 죽음관여도 및 생명존중의지에 관한 연구

강정화,한숙정,Kang, Jeong Hwa,Han, Suk Jung 한국호스피스완화의료학회 2013 한국호스피스.완화의료학회지 Vol.16 No.2

Purpose: We investigated how intensive care unit (ICU) nurses understand the meaning of death, death anxiety, death concern and respect for life. Methods: From November 2009 through February 2010, a survey was conducted on 230 nurses working at the ICU of 10 general hospitals located in Seoul and Gyeonggi province. Participants were asked to answer a questionnaire consisted of 67 questions under four categories of the meaning of death, death anxiety, death concern and respect for life. Results: Participants scored 4.27 points on their understanding of the meaning of death, 4.43 on death anxiety, 4.12 on death concern and 4.18 on respect for life. Participants' meaning of death was negatively correlated with death anxiety and death concern and positively with respect for life. Participants' positive meaning of death was negatively correlated with death anxiety and death concern and positively with respect for life. Participants' negative meaning of death was negatively correlated with death anxiety and death concern and positively with respect for life. Participants' death anxiety was positively correlated with death concern and negatively with respect for life. Participants' death concern was negatively correlated with respect for life. Conclusion: Compared with nurses who served at ICU for a long time, nurses with less ICU experience scored lower on the meaning of death and respect for life, while they presented high anxiety and concern about death. A training course may help nurses develop their view on the meaning of death, which in turn would enhance their performance in caring dying patients.

典庵 姜鼎煥의 시 세계 고찰

강정화(Kang, Jeong-hwa) 동양한문학회(구 부산한문학회) 2021 동양한문학연구 Vol.58 No.-

典庵 姜鼎煥(1741~1816)은 현 경상남도 함안군 漆原 舞沂里에서 태어나 만년에 거창으로 옮겨가 살았던 강우지식인이다. 주지하듯 인조반정으로 세력을 상실한 강우지역의 남명학파 문중은 18세기에 들어와 문중적 전향이 이루어지는데, 전암의 가문은 洛學 계열의 老論을 지지하였다. 그의 스승은 당시 朝野에 지대한 영향력을 끼치던 渼湖 金元行(1702~1772)이다. 그 때문인지 典庵集에는 강우지역과 연계시킬 만한 기록이 많지 않다. 합천 함벽루나 진주 촉석루를 비롯해 만년의 거주지 거창 일대를 읊은 한시가 더러 보이는 정도이다. 8권 4책의 분량임에도 江右學者의 이름은 전혀 보이지 않았다. 전암은 스승이 내려준 ‘옳음 찾고[尋是] 실질에 힘쓰는[務實]’ 삶을 살기 위해 부단히 노력하였다. 이는 일상에서 한순간도 소홀히 하거나 느슨해지지 않도록 敬으로써 마음을 붙드는 것을 일컫는다. 天理는 高遠한 데에 있지 않고 일상생활의 자잘한 것에 모두 깃들어 있으니, 공부하는 士는 일상의 아주 작은 것에서부터 이 ‘옳음’을 찾고 이의 실천에 힘써야 한다는 간명한 이치를 담고 있다. 그리고 이러한 성향과 인식은 그의 작품에 그대로 드러났는데, 대표적인 것이 한시이다. 전암의 한시는 내용면에서나 형식면에서 풍부한 다양성을 지니고 있었다. 내용면에서는 재야지식인으로서의 士意識이 깊게 스며 있었고, 중국과 자국의 역사에도 관심이 많아 역사 속 인물 및 사건을 매개로 한 懷古詩가 많았다. 형식면에서도 首尾吟詩나 擬作詩 등 다양한 표현기법을 활용해 상상력을 발휘하였다. 특히 병자호란을 전후한 역사적 상황과 이를 기록한 여러 저술을 접하면서 현세에 대한 심오한 통찰력을 표출하였다. 이는 평생 강우지역에 살았던 전암이 서울과 경기지역의 스승 및 동문과의 교유를 통해 습득된 영향이라 할 수 있다. 이는 강우지역 여느 재야 지식인과 차별되는 전암의 성향이라 하겠다. Joenam Kang Jeong-hwan(1741~1816) was a Gangwoo intellectual that was born in current Mugi-ri, Chilwon, Haman-kun, Gyeongsangnam-do and moved to Geochang in his latter days. As everyone knows, the clan of Nammyeong School in the Gangwoo area underwent clan-wide conversion in the 18th century after losing their power following King Injo s enthronement. Jeonam s family supported the Noron in the Nakhak line. His teacher was Miho Kim Won-haeng(1702~1772) that had enormous influence on the government and the people those days, which maybe explains the lack of records in his Jeonamjip to connect him with the Gangwoo area. It only contains some Chinese poems he wrote to depict the Geochang area where he moved in his latter days including Hambyeokru of Hapcheon and Chokseokru of Jinju. Even though the collection consists of eight books and four volumes, it mentions no names of Gangwoo scholars. Jeonam made constant efforts to lead a life of finding rightness and devoting to practice according to instructions of his teacher. This life attitude meant that he kept his mind in the right state based on respect so that he would not neglect or go easy on any moment in daily life. The logic behind it is simple and clear; the natural law is not far and high away but dwells in trivial things of daily life, asking any learning scholars to find this rightness in very small things of daily life and devote themselves to its practice. This tendency and awareness was revealed in Jeonam s works. Good examples are found in his Chinese poems. Jeonam s Chinese poems boast rich diversity both in content and form. In terms of content, many of his Chinese poems are reminiscent poems involving historical figures and events as he had the consciousness of a classical scholar deep inside him as an intellectual out of office and showed much interest in the history of China and Joseon. In terms of form, he made use of various expressive techniques including Sumieum and Uijak to exert his imagination. Learning about the historical situations before and after Byeongjahoran and reading many different books about them, in particular, he exercised his profound insight into this world under the influence of his social intercourse with his teachers and alumni in Seoul and Gyeonggi from his lifelong residence in Gangwoo. This is his tendency differentiating him from any other intellectuals out of office in the Gangwoo region.

문학과 미술의 침묵과 소통 -현대시로 전이된 박수근의 회화를 중심으로

강정화 ( Jung Hwa Kang ) 충남대학교 인문과학연구소 2011 인문학연구 Vol.38 No.2

This essay is mainly a research about relation of literature and art. I focused on the works of Park Su-geun to discuss about the influence which has effect both on literature and art, and how it can be created as a new production. Park Su-geun is a famous Korean Painter remembered as the one who keeps the most traditional painting style. And the unique skill and material of his works makes him well qualified for this valuation. He always found the material for his works from the common life around him, and express it with his unique painting skill. In this way his works evoke people`s sympathy and makes him to be one of the best Korean artist. The Korean-style scene in Park Su-geun`s works are naturally consisted of female`s images, and from this kind of images poets found a ``silence`` that Park Su-geun wanted to keep. This ``silence`` means an empty place, which arises from men`s absence. Many poets replaced this wordless place that Park Su-geun has leaved empty and not told on purpose. In their poems, there are narrators who instead of Park Su-geun to tell about the ``silence`` that he didn`t say. Like this, poem and painting, or we can say it comprehensively that the complementary relation between literature and art will be continued, just like it has been. The poets figure the images of paintings` with poetic language and fill the blank up, which was kept in silence by the painter. Likewise, on the contrary, painting will be able to show a part that poets didn`t see. Therefore, poet and painter should break each other`s ``silent`` blank and keep this kind of interchange constantly in order to create new works.

화가 김종태의 예술세계 연구 - 김종태의 문필활동과 매체 비평문을 중심으로

강정화(Kang Jung Hwa) 한국예술종합학교 한국예술연구소 2021 한국예술연구 Vol.- No.31

해방을 전후로 한 백석 시의 이행 양상 연구

강정화(Kang, Jung-hwa) 가천대학교 아시아문화연구소 2011 아시아문화연구 Vol.23 No.-

해금 조치 이후, 한국의 문단은 백석이라는 시인에게 주목했다. 그가 사용 했던 토속적인 어휘와 풍경은 연구자들은 물론이고 일반인들에게도 두루 읽히며 1930년대를 대표하는 시인으로 자리 잡아갔다. 하지만 전쟁 후 백석이 북한에서 했던 문학 활동에 대한 연구는 아직까지 미미한 실정이다. 서사가 있는 서정시를 중점적으로 썼던 남한에서와 달리, 북한에서의 백 석은 창작 활동을 일절 멈추고 번역 활동에 초점을 맞춘다. 그리고 아동문학이라는 새로운 장르로 창작 활동을 재개한다. 백석이 아동문학으로 창작을 재개한 시점은 학자들마다 조금씩 차이가 있어 논란이 되고 있지만, 본고에서는 백석이 고리끼의 글을 번역한 1954년을 그 기준으로 잡고 서정시를 쓰던 전쟁 전의 성향과 동화시를 쓰던 전쟁 후의 성향을 비교하고자 하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 어른 청자를 대상으로 했던 서정시와 어린이 청자를 대상으로 하는 동화 시는 상반되는 독자를 설정하고 있다는 점에서 근본적인 차이를 수반할 수 밖에 없다. 그리고 그 차이는 백석 자신이 번역해 소개한 글 ‘아동문학론 초’에서 기인한다. 백석은 서로 다른 곳에서 발표된 고리끼의 글을 모아 번역하는데, 이는 고리끼의 이론에 잠정적으로 동의하고 있다는 의미이기도 하다. 고리끼는 아동문학을 창작함에 있어서 반드시 고려해야 할 점을 ‘교육성’과 ‘우스움’ 그리고 ‘시의 형식’으로 꼽았다. 백석은 고리끼의 이론을 전적으로 받아들여 1957년 발표한 시집 「집게네 네 형제」에 이 같은 형식을 반영한다. 동심을 지향하고, 서사양식을 시에 도입하고 있다는 점에서 백석의 시 세 계는 전반적으로 동일하다고 할 수 있다. 하지만 자세하게 짚고 들어가면 그의 시 세계는 전후를 기점으로 변모하고 있다는 것을 알 수 있다. 따라서 백석이라는 시인의 전반적인 시 세계를 알기 위해서는 해방을 기점으로 한 변모 양상을 더욱 명확히 할 필요가 있다. 앞으로 번역가이자 아동 문학가 였던 백석의 작품 세계도 풍부하게 연구되길 바란다. After removal of an embargo, the Korean literary circle gave attention to Baeksuk, a poet. The purpose of this thesis is to compare a prewar disposition written a lyric poetry with the postwar inclination written the children’s verse to take cardinal point about time of the year 1954. It couldn't help being attended with a fundamental difference in point of forming the readers who is different from each other between a lyric poetry which aimed at adult readers and a children’s verse which aimed at children readers. And such a difference is caused by the ?Excerpts from the children’s literature theory? which he, himself translated. Maxim Gorki stressed that the writing of literature for children pointed an educational factor, humor and a poetic form as a point to be considered He wholly accepted Gorki's theory and reflected such a form in 「Jipge's four brothers」 of the poetical works which were published in 1957 by him. It could be put that Baeksuk's world of poetry belongs to same form generally in point of introducing an epic poetry form into his poetry, however, if examine them in details, we could find that his world of poetry was changed to take a cardinal point about the time of liberation. Accordingly, we have to clarify some changeable aspects which his world of poetry took a cardinal point about the time of liberation in order to understand his world of poetry called Baeksuk generally.

김춘수 시의 타자 인식과 자아 구성

강정화(Kang, Jung-Hwa) 인천대학교 인문학연구소 2012 인문학연구 Vol.17 No.-

Choon Soo Kim"s poetry has been opened to everybody. Not only is his poetry headed for opening outside through a mutual exchange with several genres, but it is also headed for opening through connection with the poetry itself. He explains his intention toward opening through himself own poetics and realizes it by showing its meaning in his poetry directly. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate such a process of the formation of ego as well as cognition of the others by wandering between "I" and "You" through his poetic language. His poetic world is based on opening not only inside but also outside. We are to cognize "the others" by heading for opening of mutual text-nature and connection with inside of his poetry itself through his poetry. And such a movement made 225 pieces of poetry given the finishing through "a rest" and showed it through form to appear on his poetry as his character, recording frequency more than 500 times. And he, who cognized the others just intended to form ego through it. Such his attitude could be defined through the most poetic words which were written by him. The most poetic words which were written on his poetry is "Being(existence)". His poetic words which were based on a basic form of "Being" used about 1581 times. With the exception of written frequency of use on his poetry, his various efficient use of "Being" which was written through 99 times makes us guess how much he laid emphasis on "Being". Also, with the exception of kind of personal pronoun including "I" and "You", the "Flower", indeclinable parts of speech in Korean grammar which is the most poetic words on his poetry enlarges his existentialism, namely the world of "Being". In other words, he endeavored to convey his message on "I" "You" and "Being" through his poetry. His poetry is to cognize the others and part of process which consists of ego through it. The most poetic languages which were written by him evidences this fact. Accordingly, his poetries which worked with poetics study and creative poetry through a lot of works and an experiment simultaneously would be in plenty studied through the poetic languages which were written by him.

실내 재난 환경에서 강화학습과 가변적인 MCS 레벨 선택 기반 UAV 최적 경로 연구

강정화(Junghwa Kang),김재현(Jae-Hyun Kim) 한국통신학회 2022 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.6

농촌체험학습품질이 체험만족도에 미치는 영향

강정화(Kang Jeong Hwa),이유석(Lee Yoo Seok),김덕현(Kim Duk Hyun),이승현(Lee Seung Hyun) 한국해양관광학회 2016 해양관광학연구 Vol.9 No.2

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of experiential quality on satisfaction by developing the rural tourism program which was related to bay salt with Indian spinach. The questionnaire intended to examine the experience psychological quality, experiential contents quality, experience product quality, and experiential satisfaction in the rural tourism program was conducted targeting 181 participants during 90 days from 2014. June 1 to September 30. For all these analyses, Statistical Package for Social Studies SPSS 19.0 for Windows was used, and the significance level was set at � <.05, nondirectional. The results revealed that experiential contents quality as well as experience psychological quality partially had effects on the experiential satisfaction. Based on the findings, it can be suggested that the improvement plans for experience psychological quality and experience product quality are needed with the use of the bay salt with Indian spinach as effective strategies in the rural tourism program.

기획논문 : 남명문학 연구의 현황과 과제

강정화 ( Jeong Hwa Kang ) 경상대학교 남명학연구소 2012 남명학연구 Vol.35 No.-

본고는 경상대학교 남명학연구소 설립 20주년을 기념하여 남명문학 분야의 연구 성과를 정리하고 향후 과제를 살피기 위한 목적으로 집필되었다. 남명문학연구가 시작된 1980년대 이후의 연구 성과를 장르별로 분류하고, 『남명집』에 수록된 문체 유형에 따라 운문과 산문 분야, 총체적 분야, 비교문학적 분야 등 4가지로 나누어 살펴보았다. 남명문학 연구는 현재까지 100여 편의 성과가 산출되었다. 남명의 창작품이 많지 않다는 점을 감안한다면 적지 않은 수치이다. 이의 검토를 통해 몇 가지 문제점을 도출할 수 있었다. 예컨대 어느 분야를 막론하고 남명 삶의 특징적 국면을 강조하는 연구가 지나치게 집중적으로 반복적으로 진행되어 왔고, 또 이를 대변할 만한 소수의 작품만이 지속적으로 재인용되었다는 점, 특정 분야의 연구는 초창기 이후 장기간 정지되어 있다는 점 등이 있다. 연구가 지속되어 성과가 증가했음에도 이러한 양상은 크게 달라지지 않고 있다. 이는 남명문학 연구가 직면한 총체적 문제이다. 이를 해결하기 위해서는 무엇보다 남명문학 연구의 절대적 분량을 차지하는 한시에 대한 포괄적인 정리가 필요하다. 『남명집』의 한시와 남명의 일대기를 대조하는 작업이다. 『남명집』의 수 The purpose of this study was to sort out the research achievements in the field of Nammyeong literature in commemoration of the 20th anniversary of Nammyeonghak Research Institute at Gyeongsang National University. The study categorized the research achievements in the field whose study started in the 1980s according to genres and examined them in four areas of verse, prose, overall, and comparative literature according to the literary styles in Nammyeongjip. There are about 100 researches on Nammyeong literature, and the number is not small considering that Nammyeong`s works are not many. A review of the researches identified several problems. There has been a severe repetitive concentration of researches emphasizing the characteristics aspects of his life regardless of areas; only a small number of his works to represent those aspects has been consistently requoted; and there has been a long break of research in certain areas since the early days. Those patterns have not changed much even though ongoing researches generated more achievements. That is an overall problem facing the Nammyeong literature study. It is required to sort out his Chinese poems, which account for an absolute percentage of the study, to solve the problem. There should be efforts to match his Chinese poems in Nammyeongjip against his life course. There are not enough data to check the time they were written because the recording was not in a chronological order in Nammyeongjip, it is necessary to make such efforts even partially. He had four major transitional periods throughout his life, and his perceptions changed clearly each time. If his works are categorized according to those four periods at least, the Nammyeong literature study that has come to a lull will be able to reach a further advanced stage.