국어 명사화와 명사화된 절에 대한 일고찰

김건희 ( Kim Keon Hee ) 국어학회 2021 국어학 Vol.- No.97

The purpose of this study is to examine the classification of nominalization and the so-called ‘nominalized clause’ which is based on this form and function of nominalization in the basis of the language typology. Nominalized clause is comprehensively nominal objectification unit regardless of formal marking. In this study, Both viewpoints of nominalization is examined, lexical nominalization and clausal nominalizaion are morpho-syntactic viewpoint and proposition nominalization(Noonan(1985/2007)), action nominalization(Fleck (2006)), participant nominalization(Fleck(2006)) are semantic-pragmatic viewpoint. Though clausal nominalization is verbal(verb-like) category on the morpho-syntactic viewpoints, the nominalized result can show the term (noun-like) category of participant nominalization on the semantic-pragmatic viewpoint, there must be not mixed the morpho-syntactic nominalization with semantic-pragmatic nominalization. In particular, on the basis of action nominal which was newly- presented in Comrie(2011), not in Comrie(1985/2007), the third properties with neither nouns nor verbs appear in the Korean nominalized clause as followings: First, the genitive marking of subject is not realized in the ‘kes’ construction which has overt or inferred nominal head. Second, without formal modification, the whole clause which has sentence ending or connective ending is realized directly in the nominalized clause and all these clause is converted into ‘kes’ construction. Third, in spite of being obvious clausal nominalization of verbal(verb-like) category, there is case marking drop, which is not the representative verbal characteristics of nominalized clause.

역대 문법 교과서의 ‘-음, -기’ 명사화 기술에 대한 연구사적 고찰 - 명사형 어미와 명사절을 중심으로 -

김건희 ( Kim Keon-hee ) 한말연구학회 2021 한말연구 Vol.- No.59

The purpose of this study is to examine the nominal ending and noun clause in the past school grammar textbooks and discuss the ‘-eum, -ki’ nominalization on the language typological basis of the lexical and clausal nominalization. While the ‘-eum, -ki’ was defined as affix in some past school grammar textbooks, there had been accounted for the clausal nominalized element such as the nominalization of sentence. A lot of the past school grammar textbooks showed the clausal nominalization view such as, ‘gerund’(the nominalized verb(or adjective)), ‘noun/nominal clause’(clausal nominalized unit) and ‘the nominalization of sentence’. Only in the past school grammar textbooks which showed the clausal nominalization view, there had been the replacement of ‘noun/nominal clause’ into ‘adnominal clause+kes’, and inclusion of ‘interrogatives’ into the ‘noun/nominal clause’. In particular, inclusion of ‘adnominal clause+kes’ and ‘interrogatives’ into the ‘noun/nominal clause’ clarifies the nominalized objectification irrespective of formal type in the viewpoint of clausal nominalization.

수학 문장제의 명사화 여부에 따른 초등학교 3학년의 해결 과정 분석

강윤지,장혜원 한국수학교육학회 2023 초등수학교육 Vol.26 No.2

Nominalization is one of the grammatical metaphors that makes it easier to mathematize the target that needs to be converted into a formula, but it has the disadvantage of making problem understanding difficult due to complex and compressed sentence structures. To investigate how this nominalization affects students' problem-solving processes, an analysis was conducted on 233 third-grade elementary school students’ problem solving of eight arithmetic word problems with or without nominalization. The analysis showed that the presence or absence of nominalization did not have a significant impact on their problem understanding and their ability to convert sentences to formulas. Although the students did not have any prior experience in nominalization, they restructured the sentences by using nominalization or agnation in the problem understanding stage. When the types of nominalization change, the rate of setting the formula correctly appeared high. Through this, the use of nominalization can be a pedagogical strategy for solving word problems and can be expected to help facilitate deeper understanding. 명사화는 문법적 은유 중 하나로, 수식으로 변환해야하는 대상의 수학화를 용이하게 한다는 장점과 함께 복잡하고 압축된 문장 구성으로 인해 문장 이해를 어렵게 할가능성이 있다는 단점이 있다. 이러한 명사화가 실제 학생들의 문장제 해결 과정에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 파악하기 위하여 초등학교 3학년을 대상으로 명사화 여부에 따른 사칙연산 문장제 8개를 제공하여 검사를 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 문장제의 명사화 여부는 문제 이해 및 수식화가능 여부에 의미 있는 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 그러나, 검사에 참여한 학생에게 명사화에 대한 사전 경험이 없음에도 불구하고 문제 이해 단계에서 명사화 또는 탈명사화가 나타나는 것을 확인하였으며, 명사화의 유형 변화가 발생하는 경우 성공 비율이 높게 나타나는 등 수식화 단계를 용이하게 하였다. 이를 통하여 명사화가 문장제의 문제이해 및 수식화 단계에서 교수학적 전략으로 활용될 수있으며 문장제의 학습에서 더 깊이 있는 이해를 유도할수 있을 것으로 기대할 수 있다.

영어와 한국어의 명사화에 관한 비교 연구

박기성 새한영어영문학회 2009 새한영어영문학 Vol.51 No.3

The purpose of this paper is to provide a comparative study of nominalizations in English and Korean. The following findings are made. First, it is shown that the two languages have some markers for indicating the degrees in the strength of nominal characteristics. In English the degrees are signaled by derivational nominalizations, gerundive nominalizations, and factive nominalizations. In Korean, however, each nominal marker such as '-um' or '-ki' could indicate the different degrees of nominal characteristics. Second, it is shown that Korean shows more linear word order correspondences between the clauses and their nominalized phrases than English counterparts. Despite the differences, there is a strong tendency to align the two kinds of word orders similarly. Third, it is claimed that Korean nominals have more restricted meaning extensions than English ones. Fourth, it is claimed that English nominalizations play very important roles as the device for grammatical metaphors. It is also shown that the same important roles of nominalization could be given for Korean grammatical metaphors. I also analyse the subcategories of grammatical metaphors and provide the frequency of occurrences for each subcategory.

A functional account for the productivity of English -er nominals

Cheong min Yook,Yong hun Lee 경희대학교 언어정보연구소 2016 언어연구 Vol.33 No.3

This paper offers a descriptive generalization on the English -er nominalization based on a functional-cognitive-semantic concept habituality as a condition on -er nominalization. Fairly an extensive literature on this topic has so far been offered in terms of syntactic structures, particularly arguments structure of the base verbs. Many of these research works do shed a new light on the various facets of English -er nominalization, but still missing from these discussions is a comprehensive understanding of the phenomena revolving around these nominalizations. These works simply exclude from their discussion the -er nominals that are derived from nouns, adjectives, prepositions, and various phrases simply because they do not involve argument structure. Various proposals couched in functional-semantic framework offer a comprehensive account for this phenomenon. Our proposal is an effort in this line of approach. We argue that -er nominalization is allowed if habituality or durativity is secured enough to be considered as representing inherent properties. (Hallym University · Chungnam National University)

한국어 명사화 현상에 대한 중국어 번역 양상 - 명사 파생 접미사 ‘-ㅁ/음’에 의한 명사화를 중심으로

주선 한중인문학회 2019 한중인문학연구 Vol.62 No.-

형용사(구)나 동사(구) 등이 명사의 역할을 하게 된 것은 명사화라고 한다. 명사화 현상은 언어의 보편적인 특징 중의 하나며, 중국어와 한국어에서 명사화 현상을 실현하는 방식이 각 기 다르다. 중국어에 비하면 한국어에서 보다 자유롭게 명사화를 실현할 수 있다. 따라서 한중 번역시 의미와 형식상 완전히 일치한 대응어를 찾기 어려운 경우가 종종 발생한다. 하지만 번 역학적 차원에서 명사화를 다루는 연구가 아직 드물다. 따라서 한국어 명사화 현상이 중국어 번역문에서 어떻게 나타나는지에 대해 살펴볼 필요가 있다. 이러한 배경에서 본고는 소설 2권 및 시집 1권을 분석 자료로 선정하여 실제 번역 사례를 통해서 명사 파생 접미사 ‘-ㅁ/음’으로 인한 명사화를 중심으로 이의 중국어 번역 양상을 고찰하고 유형화하는 데 목적을 둔다. 한국어에서 명사화를 실현하는 방식이 여러 가지가 있는데, 그중에 명사화소 ‘-ㅁ/음’은 동 일한 형태로 명사형 어미로서 명사화를 이룰 수도 있고, 명사 파생 접미사로서 명사화를 이룰 수도 있기 때문에 서로 구분하기 어렵다. 따라서 본고는 선행연구를 고찰함으로써 이들을 구 분하는 데 도움이 될 수 있도록 명사형 어미 ‘-ㅁ/음’과 명사 파생 접미사 ‘-ㅁ/음’의 특징을 정리해 보았다. 더 나아가 명사 파생 접미사 ‘-ㅁ/음’에 의한 명사화를 중심으로 번역 사례의 중국어 번역 양상을 분석하였다. 본고에서 구축한 말뭉치 자료를 살펴본 결과는 ‘대응어, 명사 화, 삽입, 생략, 전환, 대체’와 같이’ 6가지 유형으로 나타났다. 그중에 대응어와 명사화는 직역 의 범주로, 삽입과 생략, 전환, 대체는 의역의 범주로 볼 수 있다. 앞으로 한중 번역할 때 명사 파생 접미사 ‘-ㅁ/음’에 의한 명사화 현상으로 인한 어려움이 발생 시 본고에서 제시한 6가지 방법을 고려한다면 시사점을 줄 수 있으리라 기대한다. Nominalization refers to the process in which verbs, adjectives and phrases that act as nouns in sentence. The ways of actualizing nominalization are different in Chinese and Korean. Compared with Chinese, Korean is able to actualize nominalization more freely. Therefore, in the process of translation between Korean and Chinese, it is difficult to fine the corresponding language that is completely consistent with the meaning and form of the original language, which increases the difficulty of translation. Since now, there are few studies who have explored the problem of nominalization from the perspective of translatology. However, it is necessary to make such study. Under this context, this paper selects two novels and one collection of poetry as the corpus data, investigating the phenomenon of nominalization in terms of Korean through the practical translation cases and summarizing in terms of the translation methods. There are several ways of actualizing the nominalization in Korean. Among this part, ‘-m/um’ is able to be regarded as both noun ending and noun-derivational suffix to actualize the nominalization. They share the same morphology. First of all, this paper summarizes the characteristics of the noun ending ‘-m/um’ and the noun-derivational suffix ‘-m/um’ to help distinguish them through investigating the previous research. Then, noun-derivational suffix is regarded as the core to make the research and the case analysis. Finally, through the analysis of corpus, this paper summarizes six types of translation methods, which are the corresponding words, nominalization, addition, omission, transformation and substitution.

‘명사화’에 기반한 초등학교 수학 교과서 문장제의 계열성 분석: ‘비와 비율’ 단원을 대상으로

이관희,장혜원 대한수학교육학회 2021 수학교육학연구 Vol.31 No.1

As part of linguistic approaches to narrowing the gap between everyday words and mathematical representations in the mathematical modeling process of word problems as known to cause difficulties for students, this study examines the nominalization of the grammatical metaphor in systematic functional linguistics. We analyzed word problems in the unit “Ratio and Rate” from the mathematics textbook 6-1 using two conceptual frameworks: types of nominalization and methods for nominalization. Our analysis shows that not only do [Type 1], [Type 2], and [Type 2'] of the nominalization fail to have proper sequence but also nominalizations by clause composition, phrase composition, and vocabulary are present with little consideration of sequence from a linguistic point of view. As regards students’ ability to use nominalization to identify objects for mathematical objectification in word problems, we discuss the importance of and method for appropriate curricular sequencing of word problems in mathematics textbooks relative to both the types of and the methods for nominalization. 본 연구는 학생들에게 어려움을 야기하는 것으로 알려진 문장제의 수학적 모델링 과정에서 발생하는 일상어와 수학적 표현 사이의 간극을 좁히기 위한 언어적 접근의 일환으로, 체계기능 언어학(systemic functional linguistics)을 기반으로 논의되는 문법적 은유(grammatical metaphor) 중 ‘명사화(nominalization)’의 문제를 다루었다. 초등학교 6학년 1학기 ‘비와 비율’ 단원에 제시된 문장제를 ‘명사화의 실현 여부에 따른 유형’과 ‘명사화의 문법적 실현 방식’의 두 축을 분석틀로 삼아 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 명사화의 [유형 1], [유형 2], [유형 2'] 간의 계열성이 확보되지 못할 뿐만 아니라 언어적 관점에서는 이해하기 어려울 만큼 절 구성, 구 구성, 어휘에 의한 명사화가 일정한 계열성이 없이 출현함을 확인하였다. 이에, 문장제의 언어적 표현 과정에서 수학적 대상화를 위한 개체를 보다 쉽게 파악할 수 있도록 하는 명사화의 기능을 고려할 때, 명사화의 유형 및 문법적 실현 방식의 양 측면에서 수학 교과서의 문장제 간의 긴밀한 계열성을 확보하는 것의 중요성과 그 방안에 대해 논의하였다.

从“NP+的+VP”结构的外部功能看其内部构造

이은경 한국중국언어문화연구회 2011 한중언어문화연구 Vol.- No.27

This study focused on the syntactic function of the “NP+de+VP” structure (syntactic distribution), to examine when we put this dependent structure into a larger syntactic structure, what kind of syntactic position that can take, what kind of syntactic and semantic constrains exist with its related components. Then, from the structure of the external features and characteristics come back to see the internal construction and the originate of the structure. In other words, through this structure’s external features and limited options, test the two viewpiont about that construction of its structure and sources ; (1) the predicate component “VP” of the “NP+de+VP” is first nomialized, then by structural modification “de”, constitute the nominal-modified structure. This theoretical assumption can be called “The partial nominalization viewpoint”. (2)“NP+de+VP” is a nominalization form by inserting the nominalizational marker de in the subject-predicate construction, rather than an endocentric construction in which the predicate component “VP” not nominalized. This theoretical assumption can be called “The whole nominalization viewpoint”. Finally, this study found the “The whole nominalization viewpoint” of the structure is more logically consistent, more in line with the language fact than “The partial nominalization viewpoint”.

한국어와 태국어 명사화 구문 번역에 대한 고찰

정환승 ( Hwan Seung Jung ) 한국외국어대학교 동남아연구소 2013 東南亞硏究 Vol.23 No.1

This research was to examine the nominalized sentence structure of the Korean and the Thai and analyze and describe this and attempted to study the problems related to the translation. The nominalization of the Korean language is realized by ``-음``, ``-기``, ``-은/는 것`` etc. and the nominalization of the Thai language is realized by □□□//깐/ □□□□//쾀/ □□□□/깐티/. The words nominalized by these have responsiveness to a certain extent between the Korean and the Thai, and when the attribute of the verb with which the noun speech element is combined is [+ motion], ``-기`` of the Korean language responds to □□□- of the Thai, and when it is [- motion], ``- 음`` of the Korean responds to □□□□- of the Thai. However, when the words compose a sentence and function as ingredients of a sentence, some of them maintain the responsiveness, but some of them lose the responsiveness, and in some cases, they appear as other common noun rather than the noun derived by nominalization. As for the responsiveness in the nominalized sentence structure, □□□- responds to ``-음``, ``-기``, ``-은/는 것`` according to the context in many cases, and in the case of □□□□-, not only its frequency of use is low but also when it is translated into the Korean, it responds to the simple noun separately rather than being translated into the nominalized derived noun. With regard to this, it is very important to find the criteria and principles that can explain the correlations more clearly.

테드(TED) 강연의 명사화 사용 빈도 특성

이은정 ( Lee Eunjung ),김미란 ( Kim Miran ) 한국외국어대학교 외국어교육연구소 2017 외국어교육연구 Vol.31 No.1

This paper analyzes TED talks with respect to the lexical frequency of nominalized words, which is often related to a measure of formality or register types in discourse analysis. TED provides presentations from experts and has been particularly interesting to English-language educators and learners because of its accessibility, authenticity, and diversity in topics. With these merits, an understanding of the TED talks` linguistic nature can provide further benefits for employing authentic material such as for language-focused input. The focus will be on the frequency of nominalization, which is used to express information density, objectivity, themes, and writer stance in various registers. By investigating the nominalization frequency from 160 TED talks, we found that nominalized words were used more frequently when compared to other corpus, such as the spoken data of BNC and COCA, and the lecture data of MICASE. Possible interpretations include firstly that a higher frequency of nominalized words characterizes TED as being close to academic spoken data and, secondly, that TED presenters may use nominalization as a strategy to express clear messages similar to the function in the academic register. As one implication, TED talks can be incorporated into English presentation strategies with the focus on linguistic and communicative functions of nominalization.