한국인의 여가행복지수 개발 및 적용

윤소영,박두용 여가문화학회 2014 여가학연구 Vol.12 No.1

The purpose of this study was to establish scope of new happiness index through developing and applying a basic frame for developing new 'leisure happiness index' that will contribute to improvement in happiness level through leisure, and to examine about a plan available for enhancing happiness level through leisure. As a plan for calculating Koreans' leisure happiness index, the indicator of developing leisure happiness index was formed through organizing indicator. It was progressed by applying it to research available for suggesting happiness through leisure after forming questionnaire of a research on development in leisure happiness index based on the organized indicator. The research subjects were 1583 people in 17 cities and provinces. Data were collected by dividing it into online and offline method. As for data analysis of this study, each item in minor category was standardized with 10-point perfection by sphere for calculating leisure happiness index through dividing the collected questionnaires of 1,583 people by class. The mean value by minor category was calculated with value in each item of moderate category. It calculated the mean value in each item of moderate category with the value in major category and then calculated by multiplying each weight in 5 major categories. To calculate Koreans' leisure happiness index, it calculated with 5 spheres in leisure condition index, leisure resource index, leisure participation index, leisure career index, leisure attitude index and satisfaction index, which correspond to the sphere of major category. As a result of this study, first, Koreans' leisure happiness index stood at 4.8 points out of 10-point perfection, thereby having shown a little lower score than moderate. Second, the leisure participation index stood at 5.6 points, thereby having been indicated to be the highest. The leisure attitude and satisfaction index stood at 5.4 points. Thus, participation and attitude toward leisure were indicated to be higher than moderate score. Third, it was shown to be leisure resource index with 5.2 points and leisure condition index with 4.1 points. Finally, the leisure career index stood at 3.3 points, thereby having been elicited as the lowest score. Overall, Koreans' leisure happiness index was indicated to be moderate score. The leisure participation index is the highest. The leisure career index is the lowest. Hence, there will be a need of being arranged national policy and of being formed social environment that can enhance happiness through continuity of joining leisure. 본 연구에서는 여가를 통한 행복수준 향상에 기여할 새로운‘여가행복지수’개발을 위한 기본 틀의 개발 및 적용을 통해 새로운 행복지수의 범위 설정하고, 여가를 통해 행복수준을 향상시킬 수 있는 방안에 대해 알아보고자 하였으며, 한국인의 여가행복지수를 산출하기 위한 방안으로서 지표의 구성을 통하여 여가행복지수개발 지표를 구성하였다. 구성된 지표를 토대로 여가행복지수개발 연구의 설문지를 구성하여 여가를 통한 행복감을 제시할 수 있는 연구에 적용하여 진행하였다. 연구대상은 17개 시·도 1583명을 대상으로 온라인과 오프라인방법으로 나누어서 자료를 수집하였으며, 본 연구의 자료분석은 수집된 1,583명의 설문지를 계층별 분류를 통하여 여가행복지수 산출을 위한 영역별로 소분류에서의 각 항목 별 10점 만점으로 표준화 하여 소분류별 평균값을 중분류 각 항목의 값으로 산출하였으며, 중분류 각 항목의 평균값을 대분류의 값으로 산출 후 5개의 대분류에 각각의 가중치를 곱하여 산출하였다. 한국인의 여가행복지수를 산출하기 위하여 대분류 영역인 여가여건지수, 여가자원지수, 여가참여지수, 여가경력지수, 여가태도 및 만족도 지수의 5개 영역으로 산출하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 첫째, 한국인의 여가행복지수는 10점 만점에 4.8점으로서 중간보다 조금 낮은 점수를 나타냈으며, 둘째, 여가참여지수가 5.6점으로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 여가태도 및 만족도지수도 5.4점으로 여가에 대한 참여와 태도가 중간점수보다 높게 나타났다, 셋째, 여가자원지수가 5.2점, 여가여건지수가 4.1점으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 여가경력지수가 3.3점으로 가장 낮은 점수로 도출되었다. 전체적으로 한국인의 여가행복지수는 중간점수로 나타났으며, 여가참여지수가 가장 높으며, 여가경력지수가 가장 떨어지므로 여가의 참여를 통한 지속성을 통해서 행복감을 향상시킬 수 있는 국가적 정책마련과 사회적 환경이 조성되어야 할 것이다.

여가인식과 활용에 미치는 영향 요인에 관한 연구

황현석(Hyun-Seok Hwang) 한국산학기술학회 2018 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.19 No.2

소득이 높아지는 현대사회에서의 여가는 매우 중요하게 여겨지고 있다. 과거와는 다르게 여가에 대한 인식의 변화와 여가 활용에 대한 욕구는 점점 가속화될 전망이다. 또한 현대 사회인들은 여가를 통해 삶에 대한 만족을 느끼고 있다. 따라서 누구나 즐길 수 있도록 여가에 대한 올바른 정책이 필요하고 여가활동을 할 수 있는 시설 또한 여가활동에 중요한 요소다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 여가정책이 여가활용에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 하였으며 여가정책이 민간 여가시설 만족과 공공여가시설 만족에 영향을 미친다고 가정하였으며 나아가 변화된 여가인식과 여가활용에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 파악하고자 하였다. 연구모형을 수립한 후 관련 설문지 문항을 통해 탐색적 요인 분석, 확인적 요인분석과 구조방정식 모형을 분석하였다. 그 결과 여가정책은 공공시설과 민간시설에 대한 만족도에 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 공공시설에 대한 만족도는 여가인식과 여가활용에, 민간시설에 대한 만족도는 여가인식에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 변인 간의 매개효과를 검증하여 변인들이 매개를 통해 여가활용에 미치는 영향을 분석하고 그 결과를 제시하였다. 또한 연구가 가지는 함의를 결론과 함께 제시하였다. Modern society features rising incomes, and recreation is considered very important. Unlike the past, the desire for cognition and leisure is expected to accelerate. In addition, modern society realizes life satisfaction through leisure. Therefore, leisure policy is needed to ensure universal access, and facilities for leisure activities are also important factors for leisure activities. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effects of leisure policy on leisure facility satisfaction, and leisure facilities were classified into public facilities and private facilities. In addition, we explored the relationship between leisure perception and leisure use. After establishing the research model, we conducted exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model analysis based data obtained from questionnaires. Results found leisure policy has a positive effect on satisfaction with public facilities and private facilities, satisfaction with public facilities has a significant effect on leisure perception and leisure utilization, and satisfaction with private facilities has a significant effect on leisure perception. Finally, we analyzed the mediating effects of the parameters, analyzed the effects of the mediating effects on leisure utilization, and presented results.

대학생의 여가참여형태에 따른 여가만족도 및 학교생활만족도

이유진,황선환 한국융합과학회 2020 한국융합과학회지 Vol.9 No.2

Purpose: This study identified the differences in leisure satisfaction by college students' leisure types, hours, and partners. Furthermore, the purpose of this study was to find out how leisure satisfaction of college students affected their school life satisfaction. Methods: The research target was set as a population of four-year college students in Seoul, 2019, and 309 copies collected by the convenience sampling method were used for analysis. As for the data processing method, frequency analysis, descriptive statistics analysis, reliability analysis, One-way ANOVA, Multi-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, and simple regression analysis were performed using the SPSS 24.0 program. Results: First, among the leisure types that college students participated in, sports and social services showed higher leisure satisfaction than the rest. Second, college students were found to be more satisfied with their leisure when they participated in leisure activities alone or with friends than with their families. Third, the more leisure hours students had, the higher the satisfaction with leisure. Fourth, college students' leisure satisfaction had a positive effect on school life satisfaction. Conclusion: Based on the lifestyle and leisure life of college students', active leisure participation is encouraged, and the justification of customized leisure welfare and leisure education that can develop into lifelong leisure is enhanced. 연구목적: 본 연구는 대학생들의 여가유형별, 시간별, 동반자에 따라 여가 만족에 어떠한 차이가 있는지 분석하고, 나아가 대학생들의 여가만족도가 학교생활만족도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 규명하는데 목적이 있다. 연구방법: 연구대상은 2019 서울시에 소재하고 있는 4년제 대학생들을 모집단으로 설정하여 편의표본추출법을 통해 수집된 309부를 분석에 사용하였다. 자료처리방법은 SPSS 24.0 프로그램을 사용하여 빈도분석, 기술통계분석, 신뢰도 분석, One-ANOVA, Multi-way ANOVA, 상관관계분석, 단순 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 결과: 첫째, 대학생들이 참여한 여가유형 중에서 스포츠유형과 사회봉사유형이 휴식유형보다 여가생활만족이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 대학생들은 가족보다 혼자서 혹은 친구와 함께 여가에 참여할 때 여가생활만족이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 대학생들은 여가시간이 많을수록 여가만족이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 대학생의 여가만족은 학교생활만족에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다. 결론: 대학생들의 라이프스타일과 여가 생활에 기초하여 적극적인 여가 참여를 권장하고, 평생 여가로 발전할 수 있는 맞춤형 여가복지와 여가교육의 당위성이 제고된다.

World Leisure: Enhancing Quality of Life

( Christopher R. Edginton ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2006 International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences Vol.18 No.2

Leisure is an important force influencing the social, cultural and economic well being of individuals, communities and nations. It has been reported that Koreans work more hours annually than any other country in the world. However, recently, national policy has changed the work week from a six-day one to five days a week. Leisure provides many benefits, not the least of which is the potential to transform the lives of individuals, as well as improving the livability of communities and nations. World Leisure is a worldwide, non-government voluntary organization focused on advocacy, research and education efforts aimed at improving well being. Recently, the organization awarded its 11th World Leisure Congress and 1st World Leisure Games to Chuncheon City, Korea. The decision to award these international events to Chuncheon City was based upon a compelling proposal emphasizing the opportunity to assist the community in its transformation as a "nationwide leisure city." The paper provides a brief accounting of the proposed programs and the reasons for awarding Chuncheon City the opportunity to host these events.

도시 가계의 레저지출과 관련요인 분석

허은정 ( Eun Jeong Huh ),김우성 ( Woo Sung Kim ) 한국소비자학회 2003 소비자학연구 Vol.14 No.1

The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants affecting the leisure expenditures of urban households. Based on the data from the 2000 Annual Report on the Family Income and Expenditure Survey published by the Korea National Statistical Office, Tobit and OLS regression analyses were used for the analyses of household expenditures on active leisure, passive leisure and the total leisure. The results indicated that four types of household income(salary of a household head, salary of a spouse, salary of other household members, and asset income), household size, the age of a household head, the educational level of a household head, the occupation of a household head, and housing tenure had significant impacts on the expenditures on active leisure, while only three types of household income, household size, the educational level of a household head, and housing tenure had significant effects on the expenditures on passive leisure. For the total leisure expenditures, each of the four types of household income, the household size, and the educational level of a household head were positively related to the expenditures on the total leisure. It also showed that 20s, 30s, and 40s in the age of a household head were related to more spending on total leisure expenditures. Both professional-managerial job of a household head and owning a house or renting a house with one-time deposit(jounse) in terms of household tenure were also related to more spending on total leisure expenditures. In terms of income elasticities of the 4 types of household income, salary of a household income had the greatest influence on the leisure expenditures of urban households.

소득에 따른 여가 불평등

곽재현(Kwak Jae Hyun),홍경완(Hong Kyung Wan) 대한관광경영학회 2017 觀光硏究 Vol.32 No.5

본 연구는 여가시간 및 소득수준의 증가에 따른 행복지수의 변화양상을 파악하여 경제학에서 거론되는 이스털린의 역설(Easterlin Paradox)을 여가학에 적용해 보는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 문화관광연구원의 <2014 국민여가활동조사>를 활용하여 여가 불평등(Leisure Inequality)에 대해 분석하였다. 결과 도출을 위해 빈도분석, 일원변량분석, 위계적 회귀분석을 실시하였다. Easterlin의 역설과는 달리, 본 연구의 결과에서는 소득과 행복의 관계는 선형적이었다. 또한 소득이 늘어날수록 여가비용은 증가하였으나 여가시간은 오히려 감소하였다. 결과적으로 소득의 증가는 여가만족에 영향을 미치고, 더 나아가 삶의 행복에도 긍정적으로 영향을 준다. 결국 소득의 증가는 여가만족에 영향을 미치고 삶을 행복하게 한다. 이 결과는 소득에 따른 여가 불평등을 의미한다. The objective of this study is to apply the Easterlin’s Paradox to leisure studies through investigating the relationships among leisure time, income, and happiness in order to examine how happiness shifts as leisure time and the income levels increase. For the goal, using “Korean Leisure Life Survey 2014” from Korea Culture and Tourism Institute, we identified leisure inequality on Korea. For the analyses, frequency analysis, one-way ANOVA and hierarchical analysis were conducted. According to eh analysis results, the relationship between income and happiness showed linear graph, unlike Easterlin’s Paradox. As income increased, leisure-cost is proportionate, but leisure-time decreased. Consequentially, the increase in income affects leisure satisfaction, and furthermore makes life happy. This result means leisure inequality on socioeconomic level.

해양레저의 활성화 요인에 관한 연구

이종열,김수훈 서울대학교 한국행정연구소 2010 行政論叢 Vol.48 No.4

This study was considered the strategy of marine leisure activity in Korea. The study surveyed the literature, documents and records, and interviewed experts related to marine leisure activities to determine the actual conditions and pending questions of marine leisure activities. The reality of marine leisure activities was found to be still very low-intensive, and lacking stability of demand, and showed lower participation by large enterprises. The research also discusses several ways to promote marine leisure activities, including (1) the development of various leisure programs, (2) safety improvement for marine leisure effectives, (3) government investment in marine leisure business, and (4) legislative efforts to build fundamental laws related to marine leisure/sports and to overhaul safety-related regulations for marine activities. 우리나라의 해양레저와 관련된 정책, 행정제도 및 법제 및 이용실태의 현황과 문제점을 파악함과 더불어 해양레저의 효율적 관리 방향은 어떠한 것인가를 모색하고자 하였다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 구조방정식 모형분석을 통해 해양레저 시설이용 활성화에 영향을 미치는 변수에 대해 일련의 가설을 세우고 이에 대한 검증의 과정을 살펴보고, 전문가들의 브레인스토밍을 통해 도출된 해양레저 활동의 개선방안들과 시설이용활성화의 가설적 관계들을 검토하였다. 본 연구의 분석결과, 시설이용 활성화에 직접적 영향을 미치는 요인으로 프로그램의 강화, 안전성 강화, 장비시설의 강화가 있음을 확인할 수 있었으며, 행정서비스 강화와 해양레저 콘텐츠 강화는 시설이용 만족도를 매개로 하여 시설이용 활성화에 영향을 미치고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 시설이용 활성화에 직접 영향을 미치는 요인 중에서 프로그램 강화가 안전성 강화, 전문인력 양성, 장비시설의 강화에 비해 큰 영향력을 미치고 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 한편 정보습득의 용이성, 관련 민간단체의 육성, 재정지원 강화, 법령의 정비 변인의 경우에는 시설이용 활성화에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 분석되었다.

베이비붐 세대와 밀레니얼 세대의 여가환경이 여가만족에 미치는 영향 비교 - 여가공유자를 중심으로 -

김수아(Kim, Su-Ah),김남조(Kim, Nam-Jo) 한양대학교 관광연구소 2020 觀光硏究論叢 Vol.32 No.3

사회 현상을 이해하기 위해서는 사회를 구성하는 개인 및 집단의 가치와 정체성을 파악하는 것이 중요하다. 이 연구의 목적은 베이비붐 세대와 밀레니얼 세대의 여가환경 및 여가환경에 대한 인식의 차이를 파악하고, 세대별 여가환경이 여가생활만족에 미치는 영향을 비교 및 분석하기 위한 것이다. 여가환경은 시간 및 비용, 빈도, 동기, 공유자 등으로 구성하였으며, 특히 여가생활을 함께하는 사회집단으로서 여가공유자를 중심으로 조사하고자 하였다. 이 연구는 2018년 국민여가활동조사 자료를 이용하여 실시하였다. 두 세대의 여가환경 및 여가환경에 대한 인식, 세대별 여가환경이 여가만족에 미치는 영향이 모두 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 베이비붐 세대에게는 혼자보다 가족이나 동호회, 밀레니얼 세대에게는 혼자보다 친구와의 여가 공유가 여가만족에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 두 세대간 여가만족에 유의한 영향을 미친 여가공유자의 영향력 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. For the better identification of social phenomena, it is important to understand the values and identities of individuals and groups that make up the society. The purpose of this study is (1) to identify differences in leisure environment and perception of leisure environment of baby boom generation and millennial generation and (2) to compare and analyze the impact of leisure environment on leisure life satisfaction by generations. Leisure environment is consisted of leisure time and cost, frequency, motivation, and sharer. And especially this study has focused on the leisure-sharing persons who had different effects between generations as a social group that shared leisure life. This study was conducted using data from the 2018 Korean leisure activity survey. There were significant differences in leisure environment, the perception of leisure environment and the impacts of leisure environment on leisure satisfaction by generations. Baby boom generation showed that sharing leisure time with family members and clubs had more positive influence on leisure satisfaction than alone, while the Millennial generation had more positive influence on leisure satisfaction than alone. However, there was a limit to directly comparing the differences in the influence of regression coefficients with different types of sharers having significant effects on leisure satisfaction by two generations.

여가의 본질적 의미에 관한 철학적 탐구

이정학(Lee Jeong-Hak) 한국체육과학회 2005 한국체육과학회지 Vol.14 No.1

In general. an understanding of leisure should take account of the dimensions of time, activity and experience. But, leisure time is usually considered as residual time that individuals can use for their relaxation, diversion, social interaction or personal developments, free from work and other duties. However, it is not simply free time, as many unemployed people argue that such enforced time free from work does not provide them with true leisure. When we consider leisure as activity, we often list hobbies or pastimes that we choose to be involved in because we value and enjoy them. Leisure may offer means of diversion separate from non-leisure activities such as work, or an opportunity for self expression or self-development. To that degree, leisure is not a purposeless activity. It is said that leisure is a state of mind or mental condition in which we find freedom in a freely chosen activity that we undertake for its own intrinsic reasons. In other words, leisure is in the mind of the participant, and it is activity that is chosen primarily for its own sake. However, in contemporary concept, it is clear that leisure includes some ideologies in which there are educational and social purposes intentioned to control people. In this sense, the most important meaning of leisure is that leisure is not just free time, rather it is closer to social welfare aspect in contemporary society. Leisure does not exist any more as traditional concept.

여가시간 불균형에 관한 재해석: 젠더 관점에서

서헌 (사)한국관광레저학회 2022 관광레저연구 Vol.34 No.10

According to a lot of previous studies, it is regarded that there is inequality in leisure time between men and women. Shaw(1994) suggested that females experience the unequal distribution of leisure time because almost all of women do not believe they deserve or have the time to engage in leisure. Also, the leisure as a time approach is simple and neat, but very useful to understand why women have unequal leisure time compared to man. Some researches found that the leisure time available for females is often fragmented and interrupted by the role of a mother and a wife. Therefore, this study is concerned with reinterpretation on inequality in leisure time by gender and focuses on ways in which women’s leisure constrained by Russell(1996). He noted that there were 4 categories, personal perceptions of free time, adherence to clock time, the time needs of leisure activities and culture’s time sufficiency. Consequently, women are likely to have inequality of leisure time compared to men because they perceive more bonds closely to family and children and impose themselves on sacrifices to insufficient leisure time. Besides, various cultures press down women’s participation in leisure because of traditional lifestyle. Nevertheless, it is a fact that the world is changing for women.