Physiological Responses of Soybean Cultivars to Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines Causing Sudden Death Syndrome

Joon Hyeong, Cho The Korean Society of Crop Science 1999 Korean journal of crop science Vol.44 No.4

Six soybean cultivars having different SDS susceptibility were planted with sorghum seedinoculum infested with F. solani isolate 171 in the greenhouse. First leaf symptoms appeared on unifoliar leaves at 9 days after inoculation and all cultivars showed the typical leaf symptoms at 13 days after inoculation, when trifoliar leaves emerged. Leaf symptoms development in susceptible cultivars was faster than in resistant cultivars. Leaf symptom severities during the period of 25 to 29 days after inoculation showed a significant difference between cultivars which had SDS resistance and sus ceptibility. In this period, area under the diseaseprogress curve (AUDPC) of Hartz 6686 was the highest and that of PI 520733 was the lowest. SDS caused serious damage to the growth of soybean in all cultivars. Average reductions of growth rate of root fresh weight and dry weight were greater than those of plant tops. Duyu-kong showed less severe leaf symptoms than that of SDS suscetible cultivars; however, average growth rate of plants top and roots of this cultivar was less but not significantly different than those of SDS susceptible cultivars. In all cultivars, as severity of leaf symptoms increased, plant top weight decreased. Root rot symptoms were observed in all cultivars before leaf symptoms appeared. Average proportions of tap root reddish-brown discoloration of all cultivars was up to 75 % at 15 days after inoculati on; however there was no significant differenc between cultivars at each rating date. Appearances of leaf symptoms on leaves varied in each cultivar. SDS resistant cultivars had a significantly higher level of crinkling than susceptible cultivars and SDS susceptible cultivars had a significantly higher level of necrosis than resistant cultivars. Further study will be needed to identify the relationships between the physiological growth rate and SDS severities in soybeans.

Physiological Responses of Soybean Cultivars to Fusarium soleni f. sp. glycines Causing Sudden Death Syndrome

Joon Hyeong Cho 韓國作物學會 1999 Korean journal of crop science Vol.44 No.4

Six soybean cultivars having different SDS susceptibility were planted with sorghum seedinoculum infested with F. solani isolate 171 in the greenhouse. First leaf symptoms appeared on unifoliar leaves at 9 days after inoculation and all cultivars showed the typical leaf symptoms at 13 days after inoculation, when trifoliar leaves emerged. Leaf symptoms development in susceptible cultivars was faster than in resistant cultivars. Leaf symptom severities during the period of 25 to 29 days after inoculation showed a significant difference between cultivars which had SDS resistance and sus ceptibility. In this period, area under the diseaseprogress curve (AUDPC) of Hartz 6686 was the highest and that of PI 520733 was the lowest. SDS caused serious damage to the growth of soybean in all cultivars. Average reductions of growth rate of root fresh weight and dry weight were greater than those of plant tops. Duyu-kong showed less severe leaf symptoms than that of SDS suscetible cultivars; however, average growth rate of plants top and roots of this cultivar was less but not significantly different than those of SDS susceptible cultivars. In all cultivars, as severity of leaf symptoms increased, plant top weight decreased. Root rot symptoms were observed in all cultivars before leaf symptoms appeared. Average proportions of tap root reddish-brown discoloration of all cultivars was up to 75 % at 15 days after inoculati on; however there was no significant differenc between cultivars at each rating date. Appearances of leaf symptoms on leaves varied in each cultivar. SDS resistant cultivars had a significantly higher level of crinkling than susceptible cultivars and SDS susceptible cultivars had a significantly higher level of necrosis than resistant cultivars. Further study will be needed to identify the relationships between the physiological growth rate and SDS severities in soybeans.

염해지에서 크리핑벤트그래스 10개 품종의 생육 비교

김준범,양근모,최준수 한국잔디학회 2008 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.22 No.2

This study was carried out to examine the growth performance of 10 cultivars of creeping bentgrass under salt injury in Seo-san reclaimed area. Turfgrass performance studies included 10 creeping bentgrass cultivars (T-1, L-93, Penn A1, Pennlinks Ⅱ, Seaside Ⅱ, Declaration, Penn A4, Crenshaw, Dominant, and Penncross). Ten creeping bentgrass cultivars were grown on a USGA recommended research green. Plots were seeded on May 31, 2006 at the rate of 7 g・m-1. Electric conductivities of irrigation water (ECw) and soil (ECe) were ranged from 0.28 to 3.3 d S・m-¹ and from 0.25 to 3.5 d S・m-¹ respectively. Leaf color, turf quality, coverage rate, and growth rate were checked under the salty condition in reclaimed land for 2 year. Creeping bentgrass cultivars of T-1, Pennlinks, and Crenshaw presented dark green color and Penn A1, Declaration showed lighter green color. Penn A1, Penn A4 and L-93 exhibited the highest overall turfgrass quality. Average visual coverage was 75.3% after eleven weeks after seeding. Dominant, L-93, and Penn A1 resulted in higher visual coverage compared to the other cultivars. There was no difference in density among cultivars at 1 year after establishment. However, Declaration, Penn A1, T-1, and L-93 showed higher density compared to the other cultivars at 2 years after seeding. Creepingbentgrass showed different quality, density and color in salty soil (ECe: 0.25-3.5 d S・ m-¹) and from application of salty irrigation water (ECw: 0.28-3.3 d S・m-¹) conditions. These results will be useful where selecting green cultivars for the golf courses in reclaimed land area. This study was carried out to examine the growth performance of 10 cultivars of creeping bentgrass under salt injury in Seo-san reclaimed area. Turfgrass performance studies included 10 creeping bentgrass cultivars (T-1, L-93, Penn A1, Pennlinks Ⅱ, Seaside Ⅱ, Declaration, Penn A4, Crenshaw, Dominant, and Penncross). Ten creeping bentgrass cultivars were grown on a USGA recommended research green. Plots were seeded on May 31, 2006 at the rate of 7 g・m-1. Electric conductivities of irrigation water (ECw) and soil (ECe) were ranged from 0.28 to 3.3 d S・m-¹ and from 0.25 to 3.5 d S・m-¹ respectively. Leaf color, turf quality, coverage rate, and growth rate were checked under the salty condition in reclaimed land for 2 year. Creeping bentgrass cultivars of T-1, Pennlinks, and Crenshaw presented dark green color and Penn A1, Declaration showed lighter green color. Penn A1, Penn A4 and L-93 exhibited the highest overall turfgrass quality. Average visual coverage was 75.3% after eleven weeks after seeding. Dominant, L-93, and Penn A1 resulted in higher visual coverage compared to the other cultivars. There was no difference in density among cultivars at 1 year after establishment. However, Declaration, Penn A1, T-1, and L-93 showed higher density compared to the other cultivars at 2 years after seeding. Creepingbentgrass showed different quality, density and color in salty soil (ECe: 0.25-3.5 d S・ m-¹) and from application of salty irrigation water (ECw: 0.28-3.3 d S・m-¹) conditions. These results will be useful where selecting green cultivars for the golf courses in reclaimed land area.

Comparison of Sudden Death Syndrome in Responses to Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines between Korea and U.S. Soybean Lines

Cho, Joon-Hyeong,Kim, Yong-Wook,Rupe, J.C. The Korean Society of Crop Science 1999 Korean journal of crop science Vol.44 No.4

In order to identify the responses of Korean soybean cultivars to sudden death syndrome (SDS), forty-two Korean cultivars and three check cultivars (Hartwig and PI 520733 are resistant; Hartz 6686 is susceptible) were tested with sorghum seed inoculum infested with Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines isolate 171 in the greenhouse. This isolate has blue pigment cultural shape on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. All Korean cultivars inoculated with F. solani isolate 171 showed the typical SDS symptoms and disease severity on soybean leaves in each cultivar varied at 4 weeks after inoculation. Nine cultivars were included in the most SDS susceptible group and six cultivars were included in the most susceptible group based on Duncan's multiple range tests (P$\leq$0.05). In results of the LSD analysis for SDS the resistant group, a total of twenty-five Korean cultivars were included in the same SDS resistant group as PI 520733 or Hartwig and fourteen Korean cultivars were included in the same SDS susceptible group as Hartz 6686. In the second experiment, ten Korean cultivars, ten U.S. cultivars, and one introduced line were compared in the same way as the first experiment Disease severity ranking of check cultivars, Hartwig, PI 520733, and Hartz 6686, were the same as in the first experiment. Within Korean cultivars, seven cultivars showed the consistent severity proportions of leaf symptoms. Disease rankings of these cultivars in this experiment were the same as those in the first experiment. Three US cultivars: Hartwig, Hartz 5454, and Forrest, three Korean cultivars: Keunolkong, Myeongjunamulkong, and Jinpumkong 2, and one introduced line, PI 520733, were included in the highest SDS resistant group. Shinphaldalkong 2, Milyang 87, and Samnamkong consistently showed the highest SDS susceptibility in both experiments. Average disease severity in the first and the second experiment were 49.56% and 45.39%, respectively.

Comparison of Sudden Death Syndrome in Responses to Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines between Korea and U.S. Soybean Lines

Joon Hyeong Cho,Yon Wook Kim,J. C. Rupe 韓國作物學會 1999 Korean journal of crop science Vol.44 No.4

In order to identify the responses of Korean soybean cultivars to sudden death syndrome (SDS), forty-two Korean cultivars and three check cultivars (Hartwig and PI 520733 are resistant; Hartz 6686 is susceptible) were tested with sorghum seed inoculum infested with Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines isolate 171 in the greenhouse. This isolate has blue pigment cultural shape on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. All Korean cultivars inoculated with F. solani isolate 171 showed the typical SDS symptoms and disease severity on soybean leaves in each cultivar varied at 4 weeks after inoculation. Nine cultivars were included in the most SDS susceptible group and six cultivars were included in the most susceptible group based on Duncan's multiple range tests (P~leq 0.05). In results of the LSD analysis for SDS the resistant group, a total of twenty-five Korean cultivars were included in the same SDS resistant group as PI 520733 or Hartwig and fourteen Korean cultivars were included in the same SDS susceptible group as Hartz 6686. In the second experiment, ten Korean cultivars, ten U.S. cultivars, and one introduced line were compared in the same way as the first experiment Disease severity ranking of check cultivars, Hartwig, PI 520733, and Hartz 6686, were the same as in the first experiment. Within Korean cultivars, seven cultivars showed the consistent severity proportions of leaf symptoms. Disease rankings of these cultivars in this experiment were the same as those in the first experiment. Three US cultivars: Hartwig, Hartz 5454, and Forrest, three Korean cultivars: Keunolkong, Myeongjunamulkong, and Jinpumkong 2, and one introduced line, PI 520733, were included in the highest SDS resistant group. Shinphaldalkong 2, Milyang 87, and Samnamkong consistently showed the highest SDS susceptibility in both experiments. Average disease severity in the first and the second experiment were 49.56% and 45.39%, respectively.

국내 육종 양파 품종별 주요성분의 함량 및 항산화활성 비교

황엄지(Eom-Ji Hwang),이유건(Yu Geon Lee),이형재(Hyoung Jae Lee),조정용(Jeong-Yong Cho),문제학(Jae-Hak Moon) 한국식품과학회 2021 한국식품과학회지 Vol.53 No.4

본 연구에서는 국내 육종 양파[황색(맵시황, 신선황, 연신황, 영보황, 영풍황), 적색(엄지나라), 연녹색(스위트그린)]와 외국 육종양파(황색, 선파워; 적색, 천주적) 간의 일반형질, 주요성분 및 항산화능을 비교하였다. 그 결과, 각 페놀성 화합물과 flavonoid의 성분별 총 함량 및 총 페놀성 화합물과 총 flavonoid 함량에 있어 외래품종인 썬파워를 포함한 6종의 황색양파들 중 영보황이 가장 우수한 값을 보였으며, 적색품종에 있어서는 천주적이 엄지나라보다 약간 높은 함량을 보였다. 총 anthocyan의 함량은 엄지나라가 천주적보다 낮았다. 반면 thiosulfate의 함량은 모든 품종들에 있어 유의차를 보이지 않았으며, pyruvic acid 함량은 황색 양파들 중 영보황과 썬파워가 동일한 정도로 가장 높았고, 적색 품종에 있어서는 엄지나라가 천주적보다 더 높은 함량을 보였다. 그러나 총 당함량에 있어서는 영신황이 썬파워를 제외한 모든 품종들 중 가장 높은 값을 보였다. 그리고 항산화능은 모든 평가항목에 있어 공통적으로 적색품종이 가장 우수하였으며, 환원력에 있어서는 천주적이 엄지나라보다 우수하였으나 DPPH radical scavenging 활성은 천주적보다 엄지나라가 다소 높은 경향을 보였고, ABTS⁺ radical scavenging 활성은 두 품종들 간에 유의차를 보이지 않았다. 황색품종들에 있어서는 신선황과 영보황이 우수한 DPPH radical scavenging 활성을 보였으며, 환원력은 국내산 품종들이 썬파워보다 약간 높은 경향을 보였고, ABTS+ radical scavenging 활성은 영신황이 썬파워보다 높았다. 이상의 결과로부터 국내 육성 품종인 영보황과 엄지나라의 성분학적 및 기능학적 우수성이 부분적으로 제시되어진 바, 본 연구결과가 국산 양파 품종의 우수성 홍보를 위한 유용 자료로 활용되기를 기대한다. The content of major constituents and antioxidant activities of nine onion cultivars, namely yellow domestic cultivars Meapsihwang, Sinsunhwang, Yeonsinhwang, Yeongbohwang, and Yeongpoonghwang, red domestic cultivar Eumjinara, green domestic cultivar Sweetgreen, yellow-introduced cultivar Sunpower, and red-introduced cultivar Cheonjujeok, were compared. Yeongbohwang and Cheonjujeok had the highest total phenolic and total flavonoid contents among the six yellow and two red cultivars, respectively. The red cultivars displayed the highest DPPH and ABTS⁺ radical scavenging activities (DRSAs and ARSAs, respectively) and reducing power (RP). Among all cultivars, Cheonjujeok and Eumjinara had the highest DRSA, while both red cultivars had similar ARSAs. Among the yellow cultivars, Sinsunhwang and Yeongbohwang showed excellent DRSAs. The RP of the domestic cultivars was slightly higher than that of the introduced cultivars. Thus, the domestic cultivar Yeongbohwang exhibited excellent characteristics among the yellow cultivars, while the red cultivars Eumjinara and Cheonjujeok were similar.

국내외 재배종 마늘의 아미노산 조성

권순태,전익조,Cody Marklez 한국자원식물학회 2014 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.27 No.1

Correlation and similarity of garlic cultivars was analyzed by measuring the composition of twenty amino acids contents in the bulb and callus from twelve garlic cultivars which were collected from Korea and foreign countries. Arginine and asparagine occupied more than 78% of total amino acids both in bulb and callus followed by glutamic acid, lysine, aspartic acid, valine, glycine, histidine and ornithine in order. Based on correlation coefficients of amino acid composition in the bulb, twelve garlic cultivars were classified into three major groups. Danyang, Euiseong, Seosan, Jeju, Mongol and Turkey cultivars belong to group-I, Namdo, China, Mexico and Nepal cultivars are in group-II, and group-III includes Philippine and Daeseo cultivars. Based on amino acid composition in callus, group-I includes Mongol, Euiseong, Danyang and Seosan cultivars, group-II includes Jeju, Daeseo, China and Namdo cultivars, group-III includes Napal, Mexico, Philippine and Turkey cultivars. Composition of amino acid contained in both callus and bulb is a clear standard to identify northern-type garlic cultivars. Especially the composition of amino acids in callus is more distinctive standard of classification between northern and southern type garlic cultivars than that in bulbs. 국내외에서 재배되는 12종의 마늘을 수집하여 인편과 캘러스에 함유된 아미노산의 함량을 측정하여 재배종간의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 아르기닌과 아스파라긴은 인편과 캘러스에 함유된 총 아미노산 함량의 78%이상을 차지하였으며, 그 다음으로 글루탐산, 라이신, 아스파르트산, 발린, 글리신, 히스티딘 및 오르니틴 순으로 많았다. 12개의 재배종 마늘의 인편의 아미노산 구성으로 볼 때 마늘 재배종은 3개의 주요 그룹으로 분류되었다. 첫 번째 그룹에는 단양종, 의성종, 서산종, 제주종, 몽골종 및 터키종이 포함되어 있으며, 두 번째 그룹에는 남도종, 중국종, 맥시코종, 네팔종이 포함되어 있고, 세 번째 그룹에는 필리핀종과 대서종이 포함되어 있다. 캘러스의 아미노산 구성으로 볼 때, 첫 번째 그룹에는 몽골종, 의성종, 단양종 및 서산종이 포함되어 있으며, 두 번째 그룹에는 제주종, 대서종, 중국종 및 남도종이 포함되어 있고, 세 번째 그룹에는 네팔종, 맥시코종, 필리핀 및 터키종 종이 포함되어 있다. 이러한 결과는 마늘의 인편과 캘러스에 함유된 아미노산의 조성은 한지형 재배마늘을 구분하는데 뚜렷한 기준을 제시해 주었다. 특히 캘러스에 함유된 아미노산함량 조성은 인편에 함량조성보다 한지형과 난지형을 구분하는데 더 명확한 기준을 제시해 주었다.

국내산 기장 품종에 따른 기능성분 및 생리활성 비교

김현주(Hyun-Joo Kim),우관식(Koan Sik Woo),이진영(Jin Young Lee),추지호(Ji Ho Choo),이병원(Byong Won Lee),이유영(Yu-Young Lee),김미향(Mihyang Kim),강문석(Moon Seok Kang) 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.50 No.7

본 연구에서는 국내산 기장의 식품 및 화장품 소재로서의 이용 다양화를 위한 기초자료를 확보하고자 기장 품종에 따른 기능성분을 분석하고, 기장을 에탄올로 추출한 후 생리활성을 비교하였다. 기장의 총 식이섬유 함량 분석결과 만홍찰이 6.65%로 다른 품종에 비해 높은 함량을 보였다. 기장 품종별 총 폴리페놀 함량의 경우 황실찰 품종이 7.67 mg/g extract로 다른 품종에 비해 높았으며, 피틴산 함량은 황금이 1.20 g/100 g으로 가장 높았다. DPPH 라디칼 소거능을 분석한 결과 황실찰, 이백찰, 황금, 한라찰 품종이 다른 품종에 비해 높은 활성을 보였다. ABTS 라디칼 소거능의 경우 한라찰, 황실찰이 다른 품종에 비해 높은 활성을 보였으며, FRAP 값은 만홍찰이 97.48 mM로 가장 높았다. α-Glucosidase 저해 활성을 분석한 결과 이백찰, 황실찰, 만홍찰 품종이 95% 이상 높은 활성을 나타냈다. 기장 품종별 추출물의 ACE 저해 활성을 분석한 결과 만홍찰이 27%로 가장 높은 활성을 보였고, tyrosinase 저해 활성을 분석한 결과 올레찰이 56.72%로 다른 품종에 비해 높은 활성을 나타냈다. 이상의 결과를 종합해볼 때 황실찰, 만홍찰, 올레찰이 식품 및 화장품 소재로서의 활용성이 높을 것으로 판단된다. 아울러 본 연구결과는 기장을 식품 및 공중보건산업 소재로 활용하기 위한 기초자료로 활용이 가능할 것으로 생각되며 추후 활용 목적에 따라 황실찰, 만홍찰 및 금실찰 품종의 기능성분과 메커니즘 구명에 대한 연구가 추가로 요구된다. This study investigated the functional compounds and physiological activities of proso millet (PM) cultivars to select a good cultivar for use in the food processing and cosmetic industries. The total dietary fiber content of PM cultivar Manhongchal (6.65%) was higher than other cultivars. The total polyphenol content of Hwangsirchal was 7.67 mg/g extract, which was higher than that of other cultivars, and the phytic acid content of Hwanggum was the highest at 1.20 g/100 g. DPPH radical scavenging activity was higher in Hwangsilchal, Ebaekchal, Hwanggum, and Hallachal compared to the other cultivars. Hallachal and Hwangsirchal showed higher ABTS radical scavenging activity than other cultivars, and the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) value of Manhongchal was the highest at 97.48 mM. The cultivars Ebaekchal, Hwangsirchal, and Manhongchal showed more than 95% α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The angiotensin converting enzyme and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of PM cultivars Manhongchal (27%) and Ollechal (56.72%) were higher than other cultivars. To summarize, Hwangsirchal, Manhongchal, and Ollechal could be highly useful as food and cosmetic materials.

Metabolomics of differently colored Gladiolus cultivars

Kim, Yeon Bok,Park, Soo-Yun,Park, Chang Ha,Park, Woo Tae,Kim, Sun-Ju,Ha, Sun-Hwa,Arasu, Mariadhas Valan,Al-Dhabi, Naif Abdullah,Kim, Jae Kwang,Park, Sang Un The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2016 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.59 No.4

Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflora Hort.) plants are a perennial favorite, known for their beautiful flowers of many different colors. In this study, we determined metabolic differences between seven Gladiolus cultivars with differently colored flowers by monitoring anthocyanin, carotenoid, and hydrophilic metabolites. We detected nine anthocyanins in the seven cultivars. Only the 'Violetta' cultivar contained all nine anthocyanins and it exhibited the highest anthocyanin content, whereas no anthocyanins were detected in the 'New Wave' (white color) or 'Limoncello' (yellow color) cultivars. In addition, we detected seven carotenoids, the contents of which varied significantly among the cultivars depending on the flower color. 'Limoncello' exhibited the highest levels of carotenoids. Of the seven carotenoids, ${\beta}-carotene$ and lutein accumulated in the most cultivars. In addition, we identified 43 metabolites using gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The levels of organic acids and sugars in the 'New Wave' cultivar differed significantly from those in the 'Violetta' and 'Limoncello' cultivars with a P value < 0.01. Thus, our results may help in understanding the metabolic differences between differently colored Gladiolus cultivars and should be useful in future databases.

국내 육성 조 및 수수 전분의 이화학적 특성

김현주,우관식,이병원,이진영,이유영,김민영,김미향,이병규 한국식품과학회 2020 한국식품과학회지 Vol.52 No.3

In this study, we investigated the starch characteristics of foxtail millet (FM) and sorghum (SG) cultivars grown in Korea. The amylose contents were 29.42 and 6.42% in the Daname and Samdachal FM cultivars, and 9.09 and 11.11% in the Nampungchal and Sodamchal SG cultivars, respectively. The amylopectin polymerization analysis showed that the highest degree of polymerization (DP) was in the range of DP13-24 for all samples, at approximately 60%. The resistant starch content was very low (<0.10%) among the FM and SG cultivars. The starch gelatinization analysis showed low setback values in the Samdachal and Nampungchal cultivars. The gelatinization enthalpy, calculated based on an endothermic reaction, did not differ significantly between the SG cultivars but was significantly higher in the Samdachal FM cultivars than in the Daname FM cultivars. The results of this study might be used as basic data for the development of FM and SG products.