영어권 한국어 학습자의 요청화행 연구

이지혜(Lee Jeehae) 세계한국어문학회 2010 세계한국어문학 Vol.3 No.-

화행(speech act)은 말로써 행동을 이끌어내는 표현들로, 칭찬, 요청, 명령, 제안 등의 기능을 표현한다. 그중에서도 ‘요청’은 우리가 생활함에 있어 무수히 접하는 기본적인 화행이며, 또한 요청화행은 발화 수행력을 지니어 어떠한 행동에서 방해를 받고 싶지 않은 상대의 소극적 체면 욕구(negative face-wants)를 침해하는 화행이라는 점에 근거해 ‘영어권한국어 학습자(4~5급)’가 ‘한국인’과 비교하여 어떠한 요청화행을 구사하고 있는가를 살피는 것을 목적으로 연구를 실시하였다. 이전까지의 요청화행 관련 연구를 살펴보았을 때, 한국인과 학습자집단의 화행을 비교한 연구는 다수 있었으나 본고에서는 이제까지의 연구가 ‘주화행’의 범위에서만 이뤄져왔다는 점에 착안하여 각 집단의 ‘주화행과 보조화행’을 범위로 두고 분석을 실시하였다. 그래서 담화 완성형 테스트(DCT)를 통해 결과를 수합하고, 수합된 결과는 SPSS의 카이 검증과 다중응답 분석을 통해 주화행, 보조화행의 범위에서 분석을 하였다. 연구 결과는 학습자들이 한국인과 비슷한 양상을 드러내면서도 모어언어, 문화의 영향에 의해 한국인에 비해 변인 ‘친밀도’에 따른 주화행전략 사용의 차이가 드러나지 않거나 혹은 보조화행의 사용이 한국인에 비해 ‘논리적’인 면에 중심을 두고 있다는 것과 같은 차이를 나타냈다. 반면 한국인은 비교적 변인 ‘친밀도’에 따라 주화행 전략 사용에서 차이를 보였으며 ‘보조화행’ 사용에 있어서도 ‘관계’에 기반한 전략을 주로 사용하는 모습을 나타내었다. 이로써 ‘영어권 한국어 학습자(4~5급)’는 대체적으로 한국인과 비슷한 화행을 구사하나 온전한 ‘한국 문화, 한국어 요청화행’에 대한 이해가 부족해 요청화행의 주화행 전략, 보조화행 전략의 사용에 있어 한국인과 다른 모습을 보임을 알 수 있었다. The purpose of this study is to examine the speech act of non-native learners of Korean, concentrating on request acts. The study compared the differences in request speech acts between the native Korean speakers and the non-native Korean learners of level 4 and 5 from English speaking countries like the United States, Canada, and the Great Britain. In Chapter 1, the purpose and the need for the research are discussed as well as the methodology and scope of this study. A hypothesis is also presented related to two languages and cultures. In Chapter 2, the concept and characteristic of request acts is explained based on theoretical overview and Chapter 3 covers the organization, participant, methodology and analysis of the study. Chapter 4 explores the result of the discourse completion test (DCT) concerning how Korean native speakers use 'request acts' and how English Korean-learners use 'request acts'. Finally in Chapter 5, covers the conclusion of the study. This study revealed that most Korean-learners of speakers of English use 'request acts' similarly to Koreans, but due to the differences in cultural and language background, they tend to use 'request acts' differently from Koreans. Therefore this study showed that English speaking Korean-learners need to know Korean culture related to 'request acts' and how Koreans thought about themselves and others.

리메이크 영화와 드라마 속 한 미 남녀 발화의 비교문화적 화행 연구 : 한국어 의문문 지시화행을 중심으로

임은영(Lim Eunyoung) 한국문화융합학회 2021 문화와 융합 Vol.43 No.9

이 글은 한국이 원작이고 미국에서 리메이크 한 영화와 드라마를 바탕으로, 한국 남녀 화자의 ‘의문문 지시화행’이 미국 남녀 화자의 발화에서 어떻게 실현되는가를 (유사하거나 동일한 상황 맥락에서) 분석한 후, 한 미 양국 남녀 화자의 발화에 관한 대조 연구을 한다. 이러한 연구의 목적은 한 미 남녀 발화 및 화행의 실현 양상에나타나는 차이점과 공통점을 밝히고, 이러한 발화 및 화행의 차이에 영향을 미치는 사회문화적 요인을 밝히는 것이다. 이를 위해, 이 글에서는 먼저 한국 원작에서 ‘의문문 지시화행’을 살핀 후, 미국 리메이크에서 남녀 발화와화행을 (유사하거나 동일한 상황 맥락에서) 살폈다. 그리고 한 미 발화 및 화행에 나타난 언어적 특수성에 관한대조 분석을 하였다. 이때 양국의 발화 및 화행에 영향을 미치는 사회문화적 요인도 대조 분석에 포함하였다. 그결과, 한 미 남녀 발화의 문장 형식 화행 화법에는 뚜렷한 차이가 있고, 이러한 차이는 고맥락 저맥락, 개인주의, 불확실성 회피, 남성성과 같은 사회문화적 요인에서 비롯된 것임을 확인하였다. This article analyzes how Korean men and women’s ‘Interrogative Sentence Order Speech Acts’ are realized in the utterances of American men and women, based on Korean original works and remakes in the America, and conducts a contrast study. Through this, this study aims to clarify differences and commonalities in the realization patterns of Korean and American men and women’s utterances, and speech acts, and to clarify socio-cultural factors that influence these differences. For this, this article first analyzed the ‘Interrogative Sentence Order Speech Acts’ of men and women in the original Korean work, and then the utterances and the speech acts of men and women in the American remake ‘in the context of a similar or the same situation’. And the comparison analysis was conducted. At this time, the socio-cultural factors that influence the utterances and speech acts of both countries were also analyzed. In conclusion, it was confirmed that there are clear differences in sentence form, speech act, and speech style of the utterances of the Korean and American men and women, and these differences originate from sociocultural factors such as high context, low context, individualism, avoidance of uncertainty, and masculinity.

Exploring Textbooks and Methods for Teaching Communicative Functions

( Euen Hyuk (Sarah) Jung ) 한국영어영문학회 2003 영어 영문학 Vol.49 No.5

With a major shift in the focus of second language teaching from a grammatical to a communicative approach over the last two decades, a great deal of attention has been paid to developing second language Iearners` communicative competence. Despite much emphasis on the acquisition of communicative abilities by these learners, there has been Iess emphasis on the role of classroom teaching in developing second language Iearners` such abilities. A need was also found for heightening the pragmatic awareness of English as a second Language (ESL) / English as a foreign Language (EFL) teachers themselves·to be more effective in meeting the need of Iearners to develop communicative abilities in their classrooms. Teachers should be aware of how language is used in a real context to provide the authentic language input to Iearners in teaching a second language as well as to develop and evaluate second language teaching materials. Speech act research can provide us with a useful framework to better understand rules of speaking and new insights into how to teach Iearners such social rules for effective second language communication. The purpose of this paper is to address the issue of guiding second language learners to acquire communicative abilities by focusing on speech acts. More specifically. it provides a framework for apology speech acts and examines the manner in which apoIogy speech acts are presented in current ESL / EFL textbooks. It further makes suggestions for teaching apologies to second language learners.

거절의 화행에 대한 한국-네덜란드 성인 화자 간 대조 분석

신효정 한국언어과학회 2022 언어과학 Vol.29 No.3

This study analyzed the cross-cultural pragmatic similarities and differences of refusal speech acts between 75 Korean and 74 Dutch speakers aged 40–50. A survey including 8 different refusal situations was designed in Korean and Dutch languages and distributed to each group respectively. The respondents were asked how they would speak in the given situations of refusal. The results revealed significant differences in the overall frequencies of direct, indirect, no refusals and adjunct expressions, with the Dutch speakers producing more in direct refusals and adjuncts, the Korean speakers producing more in indirect refusals and no refusals. While the pattern of indirect refusal strategies was more similar than different, the Korean speakers used more 'regret' strategies and the Dutch speakers used more 'acceptance as a refusal' strategies than their counterparts. This study also explored what caused the results and what the results could tell us about their cultural differences, and the contrast of individualism and collectivism was presumed to be one of the most salient cultural dimensions that could help find the answer to the questions.

한국 개념사 연구, 무엇이 문제인가 한국개념사총서의 이론적 감수성

나인호 ( In Ho Na ) 한림과학원 2014 개념과 소통 Vol.0 No.13

The Korean Conceptual History Series epitomizes Reinhart Koselleck’s project of Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe in that it attempts a comparative history of concepts within a framework of comparative civilizations. For such an ambitious effort to be successful, however, requires a highly developed theoretical sensitivity. Thus, this paper suggests: 1) a reinterpretation of Koselleck’s hypothesis, the Sattelzeit(saddle, i.e. transitional, period), and such hypothetical categories as the democratization, temporalization, ideologization and politicization of concepts; 2) a detailed examination of how concepts operate in specific and particular speech acts; and 3) a new perspective which approaches the translation of concepts not as the ‘dissemination and reception of original concepts’ but as the ‘production of other meanings’ in a new(Korean) context, as a means to resolving problems existing within that context. Particularly with regard to the last suggestion, this paper proposes that the prototype of the Korean Conceptual History Series be expanded so as to develop, ultimately, into a global history of concepts.

한국 법령 번역에서 ‘shall’의 사용에 대한 고찰 : 비교 코퍼스 분석 결과를 중심으로

유정주 이화여자대학교 통역번역연구소 2015 T&I review Vol.5 No.-

Modal auxiliary ‘shall’ has been one of the most controversial words in legal texts because of ambiguities in its interpretation. Due to the Plain Language Campaign to modernize legal English over the past few decades, ‘shall’ is now used restrictively to imposing obligations, or prohibited altogether in legislation in the U.K. and many other common law countries. However, it is still the most frequent word to express the illocutionary forces of legislative provisions in translation of Korean statutes. In order to find the differences between ‘shall’ used in translated and non-translated statutes, this study compiles translated Korean statute corpus (TKSC) and non-translated British statute corpus (BSC), each consisting of 1 million words. American statute corpus (ASC) of 4 million words is also used for reference corpus. The comparison of the two corpora shows that TKSC uses ‘shall’ more excessively than BSC. Keyword analysis also reveals that the frequency of ‘shall’ in TKSC is much higher than ASC, questioning the current practices of using ‘shall’ in translation of Korean statutes. (Handong University, South Korea)

The Multiple Functions of ‘Mianhapnida’ in Korean

안정근 대한언어학회 2013 언어학 Vol.21 No.3

The purpose of the study was to examine the multiple functions of ‘mianhapnida’ in Korean, i.e., an IFID (Illocutionary Force Indicating Device) in apology strategies. Based on the researcher's direct observation on the people's use of ‘mianhapnida’ or others' actual use of ‘mianhapnida’ in a variety of discourse situations, the study indicated that ‘mianhapnida’ had six different functions in discourse for the first time in apology studies in Korean. The six functions were remedial, remedial and supportive, supportive, phatic, customary, and unsupportive functions. The study also provided ten terms of apology which reflect the six functions of apology, namely sincere apology, simple apology, thanks and apology, request initiator, attention-getting device, personal relation improvement device, phatic apology, customary apology, unfavorable apology, and not affirmative marker. A number of functional differences in the use of ‘mianhapnida’ were indicated in the study, distinct from 'I'm sorry' in English or 'sumimasen' in Japanese. The meaning of ‘mianhapnida’ in Korean was found to be in antonymic distribution in the study, allowing the middle position between denotational and connotational; the meaning of ‘mianhapnida’ in a remedial function was denotational but connotational in supportive, customary, and unsupportive functions, and neither denotational nor connotational in a phatic function. A complementary distribution was also found in the use of ‘mianhapnida’ and its equivalent, 'joesonghapnida'; 'joesonghapnida' was mostly used in request initiator, an attention-getting device, and a phatic apology, whereas ‘mianhapnida’ in other categories. It is recommended that multiple functions should be considered to comprehend the meaning of ‘mianhapnida’ in discourse.

한국 대학생들의 사과화행 인식과 평가

유경애(Yu, Kyong-Ae) 한국영어학회 2013 영어학 Vol.13 No.3

법령화행에서 ‘한다’와 ‘하여야 한다’의 번역문제

유정주(Yoo, Jeong Ju) 한국번역학회 2015 번역학연구 Vol.16 No.2