집행유예 양형요소로서 재범위험성 평가

권미연 ( Kwon Miyon ),서용성,이단비 사법정책연구원 2023 연구보고서 Vol.2023 No.10

이 보고서는 집행유예 여부를 판단함에 있어서 재범위험성을 어떤 기준으로 평가하고, 어떤 방식으로 심리할 것인가를 고찰하고 그 개선방안을 도출함을 목표로 한다. 이는 크게 집행유예에서 재범위험성이 갖는 의미, 집행유예 기준에서 재범위험성의 평가방법, 그리고 관련 양형요소에 대한 심리방안으로 나누어 볼 수 있다. 먼저 우리나라 법제도의 현황을 위 세 측면에서 살펴보았다. 우리나라 형법에서 양형의 목적을 명시하고 있지는 않지만, 형법 제51조, 법원조직법 제81조의6 제2항 및 대법원 판례를 종합하면, 양형은 책임의 범위 내에서 예방목적을 고려하여야 하고, 특히 집행유예는 그 중 특별예방적 관점이 반영된 제도이므로 재범위험성이 중요한 판단기준이 됨을 알 수 있다. 그런데 우리나라 양형기준은 여러 가지 이유로 아직 재범위험성을 중심으로 체계화되어 있지는 못한 상황이다. 또한 양형조사가 보편화되어 있지 않고 여전히 법관이 소송관계인들이 제출한 증거들만을 기초로 양형판단을 하고 있다는 문제가 있다. 이는 공정하고 객관화된 양형을 저해하는 요소들이므로 개선이 필요하다. 다음으로 개선방안을 검토하기 위해 비교법 연구를 수행하였다. 미국과 영국에서는 실증연구를 기초로 개발된 재범위험성 평가도구를 여러 형사절차에서 활용하고 있다. 특히 양형심리에 있어서는 판결 전 조사에서 재범위험성 평가도구를 사용하고 법관은 그 결과를 토대로 피고인의 책임과 재사회화에 적합한 형을 선고하고 있었다. 반면 독일과 프랑스에서는 재범위험성 평가도구를 활용하고 있지 않았다. 대신 독일은 형법 제56조에서 선고할 형기에 따라 집행유예의 실질적 요건을 가중적으로 규정하고, 양형판례를 통해 재범위험성과 관련된 판단기준을 제시하고 있었다. 프랑스는 신사회방위론에 기초한 ‘형의 인적 개별화 원칙’에 따라 범죄자의 재사회화를 위해 각자의 성행에 맞는 형벌을 부과하는 것을 정당한 양형이라고 보고, 역시 양형판례를 통해 판단기준을 제시하고 있었다. 무엇보다 4개 국가 모두 피고인의 개인적 사정을 조사하여 양형에 반영될 수 있도록 하는 조사제도를 갖추고 있었다. 영미권 국가에서 사용되는 재범위험성 평가도구들은 범죄심리학, 통계학, 사회학 등을 기반으로 재범위험성과 관련된 여러 요소들(성별, 나이, 전과, 교육수준 등)을 추출하고, 전문가의 구조적인 판단이나 위험계량적 평가방식을 통해 범죄자를 그 위험성에 따라 분류한다. 재범위험성 평가도구는 범죄자별로 개별화된 재사회화 프로그램을 제공함으로써 재범을 줄이고, 재범위험성과 관련된 양형판단을 체계화하며, 증거에 기반한 양형을 실현한다는 점에서 긍정적인 평가를 받는다. 반면 그 정확도가 획기적으로 높지 않은 데 반해 인종, 성별 등을 위험성 평가요소로 사용함으로써 편향성이 나타나고, 인공지능 알고리즘에 기반한 재범위험성 평가도구의 경우 현재로서는 검증이 불가능하여 적법절차 위반의 우려가 있는 등 여러 문제점도 지적된다. 이러한 재범위험성 평가도구는 공리주의적 관점에서 교정정책의 일환으로 도입된 것이어서 형벌과 보안처분, 법원의 양형과 교정제도를 엄격하게 구분하는 우리나라의 법체계에 부합하지 않고, 예측 정확성과 공정성 사이의 상충관계가 해소되지 않았으며, 아직 우리나라 양형절차를 기초로 한 재범위험성 평가도구가 개발되어 있지도 않기때문에, 재범위험성 평가도구를 직접 양형심리절차에 도입하는 것은 현재로서는 적절하지 않다는 결론을 도출하였다. 그러나 재범위험성 평가도구 내의 각 평가문항들은 실증연구를 통해 재범과 상관관계가 높다고 인정된 요소들이므로, 개별 평가문항들 중 책임원칙, 평등원칙과 같은 다른 형사법적 가치와 충돌하지 않는 문항들을 추출한 후 이를 집행유예 기준에 반영하는 것은 현재로서도 가능하다고 보았다. 이에 따라 우리나라에서 개발되거나 활용되고 있는 재범위험성 평가도구의 평가문항들을 검토하여 집행유예 기준에 대한 수정안을 제시하였다. 일반범죄에는 ‘피고인의 범죄적 성향을 나타내는 소년보호처분 전력’을 추가하고, ‘알코올중독’은 폭력과 관련된 범죄군에, ‘약물중독’은 마약범죄군에 규정하는 것으로 수정하며, ‘약물중독 또는 알코올 중독’ 및 ‘사회적 유대관계’의 정의를 신설하였다. 성범죄에 관해서는 ‘첫 성범죄 연령이 20세 미만이고 현재 나이가 25세 미만인 경우(13세 미만 대상 성범죄에 대해)’, ‘본 범죄를 포함하여 낯선 피해자가 2명 이상인 경우’를 추가하고, 동종 전과는 ‘동종 및 폭력 전과’로 수정할 것을 제시하였다. 또한 처분기간 내 문제행동, 반사회적 성향, 약물중독 또는 알코올중독여부, 사회적 유대관계에 관해서는 실질적인 양형조사가 필요하고, 아동 대상 성범죄는 성인대상 성범죄와 다른 특성을 나타내므로 별도의 집행유예 기준이 마련되어야 한다는 점도 지적하였다. 재범위험성을 반영한 집행유예 기준이 실제 재판에서 활용되려면 법원조사관에 의한 양형조사가 보편화·활성화되어야 한다. 양형조사에 관해 최근 제안된 형사소송법 개정안 중 대상사건을 한정하는 규정은 삭제되어야 하나 나머지 개정안은 조속히 통과될 필요가 있다. 장기적으로는 양형을 목적으로 하는 재범위험성 평가도구의 개발 연구와 법원조사관에 대한 평가도구 활용 교육 및 법관에 대한 평가결과의 해석 교육도 필요하다. 또한 양형심리의 시작점이 되는 양형조사명령은 양형기준을 중심으로 한 일반형 조사명령이 원칙이 되어야 하고, 양형인자표를 활용하여 양형심리로 인한 사건의 지연을 최소화하며, 양형조사보고서의 전자화를 통해 양형이유를 상세히 기재할 수 있는 여건을 마련하여야 함을 지적하였다. 본 보고서는 그동안 관심밖에 있었던 재범위험성을 양형기준 및 양형심리에 반영하는 방안에 관한 초기 연구로서의 의미가 있다. 이를 기초로 향후 형사절차 전반에서 재범위험성에 관한 활발한 연구와 논의가 이루어지길 기대한다. This study aims to identify the criteria that should be used to assess the risk of recidivism and how the risk of recidivism should be reviewed in deciding whether to suspend a prison sentence, and to provide recommendations for improvements. For these purposes, the study focuses on three subjects: the meaning of recidivism in suspended sentences, the method of incorporating risk assessment into sentencing guidelines, and examining factors which influence sentencing. The aforementioned aspects are considered in the first part of the study as it reviews the current state of Korean legal system. Although the Korean Criminal Act does not explicitly state the goals of sentencing, a sentence must consider its purpose of crime prevention being in proportion to the offender’s degree of responsibility in accordance with Article 51 of the Criminal Act, Article 81-6 (2) of the Court Organization Act, and precedents established by the Supreme Court. Moreover, the risk of recidivism serves as an important criterion for suspended sentence, as suspended sentence reflects the perspective of rehabilitation purpose. Sentencing guidelines in South Korea provides conditions of suspended sentences according to the type of offense, but the guidelines have not yet been systematized around the risk of recidivism for various reasons. Also, while pre-sentence investigations are not generally conducted, judges still decide the sentence after reviewing only the evidence presented by the parties concerned in the case. To entrench fairness and objectivity in sentencing, the sentencing system needs to be improved. In order to propose recommendations for the improvement, this study has conducted comparative legal research. In the United States and England and Wales, risk assessment tools, developed based on empirical studies, are widely used in criminal procedures. Particularly, in sentencing hearings, risk assessment tools are used in pre-sentence investigations, and based on the results, judges impose sentences appropriate for the defendant's liability and rehabilitation. On the other hand, risk assessment tools are not being used in Germany and France. In Germany, Article 56 of the Penal Code prescribes the substantive requirements for suspended sentences depending on the prison term, and precedent cases on sentencing issues provides criteria related to the risk of recidivism. In France, according to the principle of individualized sentences, which is based on the New Social Defense Doctrine, individualized justice focused on rehabilitation is being emphasized. As it is in Germany, the criteria related to the risk of recidivism are also determined by precedent cases in France. It is notable that all four countries run investigation systems that help the court understand the individual and the circumstances of the offense to determine an appropriate sentence. Risk assessment tools used in the U.S. and England extract several factors related to recidivism (e.g., gender, age, criminal record, education level, etc.) based on criminal psychology, statistics, sociology, etc., and classify offenders through structured professional judgment or actuarial risk assessment. The risk assessment tools are positively evaluated in that they reduce recidivism by providing individualized rehabilitation programs for each criminal defendant, systematize sentencing decisions related to the risk of recidivism, and realize evidence-based sentencing. On the other hand, several problems have been pointed out, such as that while the accuracy of the tools is not remarkably high, bias appears due to the use of race and gender as risk assessment factors, and that since artificial intelligence algorithm-based tools are currently impossible to verify, there is a risk of violating due process principle. Since such tools were introduced as part of the correctional policy from the utilitarian point of view, they do not conform to the Korean legal system which strictly distinguishes between punishment and measures for rehabilitation, and between court sentencing and correctional systems. Also, as the trade-off between accuracy and fairness has not been resolved and no risk assessment tools are available to support sentencing in Korea, it is currently not appropriate to introduce risk assessment tools directly into the sentencing hearing process. However, since each factor in the risk assessment tools is an element which has a high correlation with recidivism recognized through empirical researches, it is still possible to extract the risk factors that do not conflict with other normative values, such as the principle of liability and equality, and reflect them in the guidelines. Accordingly, this study reviews each risk factor of the risk assessment tools developed or used in Korea to propose a revision to the guidelines. In the guideline on general crimes, “records of juvenile detentions indicating the criminal tendency of the accused” should be added as a criterion. “Alcoholism” should function as a criterion only in violent crimes, and “drug addiction” only in drug-related crimes. Also, the study proposes creating new definitions of “alcoholism or drug addiction” and “social relationship”. With regard to sexual offenses, “cases where the offenders were under the age of 20 when committing their first sexual offense and are currently under the age of 25 (for sexual offenses against children under the age of 13)” and “cases where there are two or more unknown victims, including this crime” are proposed to be added as criteria, and the criterion of “previous convictions for similar offences” to be amended to “previous convictions for similar offences and for violent crimes”. In addition, a pre-sentence investigation is needed for certain factors, such as “problematic behavior shown during the supervision period”, “antisocial tendencies”, “alcoholic or drug addiction”, and “social relationship”. And separate guidelines for suspended sentence for sex offenses against children should be developed, as sex offenses against children have different characteristics from those against adults. In order to properly apply the criteria that reflect the risk of recidivism in trial practices, pre-sentence investigations should be conducted generally by court investigators. Among the recently proposed amendments to the Criminal Procedure Act regarding pre-sentence investigations, the provision limiting the range of cases should be removed, but the rest of the proposed amendments needs to be passed quickly. In the long term, researches to develop risk assessment tools for sentencing, training courses on the use of tools for court investigators and on the interpretation of assessment results for judges are also necessary. For sentencing hearings, the study suggests, ① pre-sentence investigation orders, the starting point of sentencing hearings, to be ‘general investigation orders’ based on sentencing guidelines, ② delays in cases due to sentencing hearings be minimized by using the sentencing guidelines table, and ③ computerized pre-sentence reports be utilized to make it easier for judges to provide detailed reasons for the sentence imposed. This study is meaningful as a preliminary research on how to reflect the risk of recidivism, to which little attention has been paid so far, in sentencing guidelines and sentencing hearings. Based on this study, it is hoped that further research and discussions on the risk of recidivism be continued in the overall discussion of the criminal procedure.

비서직 평가도구가 평가결과에 미치는 영향

박성민(Park Sung-Min),최민성(Choe Min-Sung) 한국비서학회 2011 비서·사무경영연구 Vol.20 No.1

최근 성과주의 도입이 가속화되고 있다. 민간 대기업은 물론이고 정부부처 및 공기업에 이르기까지 성과주의는 이제 한국 조직 운영의 필수조건이 되었다. 노무현정부가 들어서면서는 민간부문이 아닌 공공부문의 성과관리시스템 도입도 가속화되어 이제 공기업 및 대학에까지 확산일로에 있고, 이에 따라 성과에 대한 관심이 조직의 안팎으로 확대되고 있다. 그러나 정작 성과가 무엇이고, 어떠한 평가도구를 가지고 평가해야 하는지에 대한 논의는 매우 부족한 상황이다. 따라서 평가도구에 대한 신뢰도와 공정성이 확인되지 않은 상황에서 평가가 진행되다보니, 평가결과에 대한 회의적 시각만 팽배해지고 있는 실정이다. 하지만 아직도 평가도구에 대한 논의나 연구는 부족하며, 비서직과 같은 전문직종에 대한 성과평가나 지표에 대한 연구는 더욱 부족한 형편이다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 비서직 217명을 대상으로 첫째, 성과평가에 대한 다양한 논의들을 정리하였고 둘째, 비서직 성과도구가 평가결과에 어떠한 영향을 주는지 셋째, 평가도구와 평가결과 사이에서 조직몰입과 신뢰가 어떠한 역할을 하는지 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 SPSS 15.0을 이용하여 상관관계분석, 다중회귀분석, 매개효과분석, 위계적 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 평가도구인 평가지표, 평가자, 평가 프로세스는 평가결과에 유의미한 영향을 주었다. 둘째, 조직몰입은 평가도구와 평가결과 사이에서 부분적인 매개작용을 하였다. 셋째, 평가도구와 평가결과 사이에서 조직 신뢰도는 상호작용을 하였으나 상사신뢰는 상호작용을 하지 않았다. 넷째, 평가도구는 매개변수인 조직몰입에 유의미한 영향을 주었다. 비서직은 전문스탭으로서 수요가 증가함에도 불구하고 아직 비서직종을 위한 평가도구의 체계화가 미흡한 상황이며, 다른 직종에 비해 평가도구에 대한 합의가 제한적으로 이루어지고 있다. 비서직의 경우 일반 사무직이나 다른 직종과는 달리 평가자인 상사와의 관계가 특수하기 때문에 이러한 특수성을 고려하여 평가자의 역할을 바로 잡을 수 있는 개선방안에 대한 후속연구가 필요하다. The idea of meritocracy has been rapidly introduced recently. In Korea, operating a meritocracy is a prerequisite for running large corporations, government agencies, and public enterprises. Since the beginning of the Roh government, the introduction of a performance management system was faster in the public sector. Now universities have also introduced a performance management system. As a result, interest in performance has greatly increased. However, it is difficult to define what performance is and to select appropriate assessment tools due to insufficient discussion of the subject. Also, doubts about the results of the assessment will increase if the assessment does not ensure the reliability and fairness of the assessment tools. Nevertheless, discussion and study is still not enough to develop adequate assessment tools, and there are also not enough performance appraisal studies of secretarial job performance. So, this paper aims to amend that absence. First, various concepts of performance were discussed. Second, we investigated assessment tools to assess the effects of a secretarial job. Third, the role of organizational commitment and trust in a relationship between assessment tools and evaluation results was also discussed. This paper used correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, parameter effect analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis with SPSS 15.0. There were four major results from the study. First, the evaluation indicators, evaluators, and evaluation process as tool influences to evaluation results were discovered. Second, we found that organizational commitment seemed to have a parameter effect within the relationship between assessment tools and assessment results. Third, organizational reliability was discovered to have a relationship with the interactive roles between assessment tools and assessment results. Fourth, the evaluation tool was found to influence the parameter of organization commitment. In spite of the increasing demand for a secretaries as professional staff members, systematic study on an evaluation tool is insufficient. In addition, compared to other jobs, the consensus on assessment tools is limited. These issues should be improved through continuous research on performance evaluation of secretarial jobs.

공학 직무능력 온라인 평가 도구 개발

강민석 ( Min Seok Kang ),김명랑 ( Myoung Lang Kim ),이영태 ( Young Tae Lee ) 한국교육정보미디어학회(구 한국교육정보방송학회) 2016 교육정보미디어연구 Vol.22 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 공학 분야의 직무 능력 평가를 위한 온라인 평가 도구를 개발하는 것이다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 온라인 평가와 공학 직무능력 평가에 대한 관점을 고찰하고, 온라인 교육 환경에서 공학 분야의 직무 능력을 평가할 수 있는 도구를 탐색하여 평가시에 실질적으로 활용할수 있는 프로토타입, 기능정의서 및 시나리오를 개발하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 직무능력 평가와 관련된 선행 연구를 분석하고, 20명의 분야 전문가를 대상으로 설문을 실시하여 IPA 분석 및 개발된 평가도구의 타당성을 확보하였다. 주요 연구 결과를 살펴보면, 공학 직무 능력 평가를 위한 도구는 포트폴리오, 문제해결시나리오, 필기시험, 사례 연구 과제, 상호작용 지수, 일지/저널, 캡스톤디자인보고서, 에세이, 온라인 실습, 실험보고서가 도출되었으며, 중요도 분석결과 우선순위로 선정된 도구는 포트폴리오, 온라인실습, 문제해결시나리오, 사례연구과제, 실험보고서, 상호작용지수로 나타났다. 또한 IPA기법을 통해 중요도와 활용도를 분석한 결과, 온라인실습 도구는 온라인 기반과 공학 직무능력 기반 모두 1사분면(유지: 지속적 적용 영역)에 해당되었다. 그리고 포트폴리오가 온라인 기반과 공학 직무능력 기반 모두 2사분면(집중: 시급 적용 영역)에 해당되었다. 공학 분야에서 평가도구로 온라인실습, 포트폴리오에 중요도가 높고 활용이 필요함을 보여주는 결과이다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 공학 직무능력 평가를 위한 프로토타입, 기능정의서 및 시나리오를 개발하였다. 본 연구는 공학 직무 능력 중심의 평가를 위한 실증적 연구 결과를 제공하여 온라인 교육의 질을 제고할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. The purpose of the study was to develop an competency based assessment tools for online in engineering disciplines. For this purpose, the study investigated the concepts of competency based assessment and the appropriate assessment tools for evaluating engineering disciplines in online learning. And this study analyzes previous studies on engineering competency based assessment in online learning, and Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) which was conducted by 20 experts on researching competency based assessment to find the importance and the order of priority. As the result of IPA, the importance and performance of assessment tools is proposed as 4 quadrant. The overall result indicates that the assessment tools toward competency based assessment include developed portfolio, problem solving scenario, text based exam, task of case study, interaction indices, journal, capstone design course report, essay, online practice, and experiment report. In the order of priority, the study found portfolio, online practice, problem solving scenario, task of case study, experiment report and interaction indices to be the most assessment tools. As for the result of analyzing IPA, the assessment tool of online practice was included in 1st quadrant(sustaining maintenance) for both online and competency of engineering disciplines. The assessment tools of portfolio was included in 2nd quadrant (urgent improvement) both online and competency of engineering disciplines. As these results, prototypes, specifications and scenarios were developed as assessment tools to validate competency based assessment of engineering disciplines in online learning. The findings offer an insight into methods for explain assessment tools and for developing the assessment tools by providing the evaluator with specific and practical guidelines for explain assessment tools to improve the quality of online learning.

A Comparative Analysis of Performance Assessment Tools for Establishing Evaluation Framework for Sustainable Buildings

Hae Jin Kang,Eon Ku Rhee 대한건축학회 2014 Architectural research Vol.16 No.4

Recently, the development of sustainable building assessment tools as means to invigorate the dissemination of sustainable buildings has been actively progressed. However, many assessment tools involve various problems in terms of assessment method and system framework, which greatly impede their credibility and applicability. If these problems persist over time, the role of sustainable building assessment tools as decision making measures during the design stage will be greatly limited. The objective of the study is to suggest a systematic model for sus- tainable building assessment tools by establishing a logical system of performance assessment framework. For this purpose, the Environmen- tal Impact Assessment(EIA) framework used in selected and modified to fit the building performance assessment. The analysis of performance assessment tools for sustainable buildings was conducted using the EIA framework. Based on the results of the analysis, a framework for the performance assessment of sustainable buildings was established.

중등 미술과 평가 도구 개발에 관한 연구

이주연 한국조형교육학회 2005 造形敎育 Vol.0 No.25

The 7th Korean National Art Curriculum implemented in 2000 addressed 'Implementation of the National level evaluation for curriculum administration' and 'Implementation of the National level support for evaluation to pursue the object of curriculum in school'. Korea Institute of Curriculum & Evaluation(KICE) as the very center has led the development of the assessment standards and assessment tools in school. The purpose of this study was to develop assessment items in school art education for the 7th to 10th grades, in order to provide various kinds of qualitative assessment items for school teachers to improve their skills and instructional methods in evaluation, and to provide opportunities for students of self-examination of their level. This study included the studies and researches done on assessment tools in art education for middle and high school, and suggested the very model of assessment tools for selective and performance assessment. The recommendations for the study was follows: 1) the coherence in every step of designing assessment tools should be considered from setting the purpose, instructional methods, and presenting grading criterion. 2) more distinctively described assessment tools should be developed and available for teachers' convenience. 3) Data-based, and digitalized assessment tools provided by KICE homepage would be a great help for the improvement of assessment of school art education. As a conclusion, this study is expected to help teachers and students check out whether they have instructed and have been instructed what they are supposed to teach and learn in terns of the 7th Korean National Curriculum. In order For this to become real, the validity and credibility of assessment tools in school art education should be considered continuously

유아 동기 유형 평가도구 개발을 위한 기초연구

최승연,유구종 한국열린유아교육학회 2016 열린유아교육연구 Vol.21 No.5

The aim of this study was to develop a motivational type assessment tool for infants. Its primary purpose was to analyze the factors to assessment of motivational types a through review of relevant literature, a survey of professionals' needs and analysis of appropriateness, and analysis of the surveys among teachers and description of consultations following the application of draft assessment tool to 20 infants in a bid to identify its meanings and implications. And use them the baseline data to develop an optimal assessment tool. The research findings are as follows. First, major motivation related development theories are self-determination theories with motivational factors in most studies comprised of internal and external motivations and amotivation, and assessment of motivations is conducted based on teacher evaluation. Second, the primary survey of professionals' needs suggests the need of research into developing motivational type assessment tools, and that it is appropriate to include amotivation as one of the motivational factors and to include curiosity as part of the internal motivations, and expectations as part of the external motivations. When it comes to assessment type, teachers’ assessment and infants’ performance assessment should be conducted simultaneously. The study suggests that the appropriate number of questions and the time taken are approximately 30 questions and 30 minutes, and the majority of respondents have said that three stages is the most appropriate in infants’ performance assessment. Second, survey of professionals' needs has been mostly composed of questions as to the appropriateness of draft assessment tools as well as the development levels and patterns with respondents’ request for correcting survey results incorporated into the tool. Third, the analysis on the surveys among teachers and description of consultations following the application of draft assessment tool to 20 infants suggests that evaluation through normal class observation is more a appropriate form of teachers’ assessment than evaluation based on instant observation in play activities and that there is a need for reducing the number of questions. In terms of infants’ performance assessment, lack of time in performing coloring item has necessitated replacing the task. 본 연구는 유아의 동기 유형 평가도구 개발을 위한 기초 연구로 관련 문헌 고찰을 통해 동기 유형 평가에 대한 요소 동향분석을 실시하고 전문가 요구조사 및 적절성 분석을 수행함과 동시에 20명의 유아를 대상으로 평가도구 예비시안의 현장적용에 따른 교사면담분석 및 협의회 내용분석을 실시함으로써 그 의미와 시사점을 추출하여 이를 평가도구 개발의 기초자료로 활용하는데 그 목적이 있다. 그 결과 첫째, 동기관련 주요 발달이론은 자기결정성이론이며, 주요 연구의 동기 요소는 내적․외적․무동기이며, 교사평가로 평가가 이루어지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 1차 전문가 요구조사 결과 연구의 필요성에 대한 인식이 높았고, 무동기 요소를 포함해야하며 내적 동기의 요소에는 호기심, 외적 동기의 요소로 기대를 포함해야 한다는 의견이 가장 많은 것으로 나타났다. 평가 유형은 교사 평정과 유아 수행평정이 함께 이루어져야 하며, 30문항 30분 내외로 수행할 수 있는 도구를 구성하는 것이 적절하다고 인식하였고, 수행평정은 3단계평정에 대한 의견이 가장 많았다. 2차 전문가 적절성 분석에서는 시안의 적절성에 대한 질문으로 발달수준과 형태, 내용에 대한 질문으로 이루어 졌으며, 조사 결과 수정이 필요한 점에 대한 응답내용은 도구에 반영하였다. 셋째, 현장적용에 따른 교사면담분석 및 협의회 내용분석결과 교사 평정부분에서는 놀이 활동에서의 즉시 관찰평가가 아닌 평소 관찰을 통한 평가가 적절한 것으로 분석되었고, 문항수가 많아 줄일 필요가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 유아 수행평정에 있어서는 색칠하기 수행문항의 시간 부족으로 인한 과제 교체의 필요성이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

치과위생사의 직무수행능력 평가도구 개발

김지희,황태윤 한국치위생학회 2013 한국치위생학회지 Vol.13 No.5

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to develop a job performance assessment tool for dental hygienists. Methods : The development consisted of three steps. The first step was to construct the contents of the assessment tool and a pretest questionnaire. In the second step, validity and reliability tests were done and modified for the pretest questionnaires and an assessment tool was made. The third step was verification of the assessment tool. A total of 678 data from the dental hygienists were analyzed to verify the validity and reliability. The assessment tool consisted of two areas such as job performance and competency/attitude: the job performance area covered four sub-areas including oral health education, preventive dental care, assistance for dental treatment, and administrative management. Results : The number of questions and reliability test result for each sub-area were as follows. Reliability coefficient for oral health education (10 questions) was 0.899, preventive dental care (8 questions) was 0.861, assistance for dental treatment (18 questions) was 0.915, administrative management (8 questions) was 0.919, competency of dental hygienists (11 questions) was 0.947,and attitude of dental hygienists (15 questions) was 0.955. Cronbach α coefficient for reliability of total 70 questions of the assessment tool was 0.980. Conclusions : The validity of the assessment tool was verified by three steps and the reliability proved to be significant. Consequently the assessment tool was found to be useful as an objective and valid job performance assessment tool for the dental hygienists.

치과위생사의 직무수행능력 평가도구 개발

김지희 ( Ji Hee Kim ),황태윤 ( Tae Yoon Hwang ) 한국치위생학회(구 한국치위생교육학회) 2013 한국치위생학회지 Vol.13 No.5

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to develop a job performance assessment tool for dental hygienists. Methods : The development consisted of three steps. The first step was to construct the contents of the assessment tool and a pretest questionnaire. In the second step, validity and reliability tests were done and modified for the pretest questionnaires and an assessment tool was made. The third step was verification of the assessment tool. A total of 678 data from the dental hygienists were analyzed to verify the validity and reliability. The assessment tool consisted of two areas such as job performance and competency/attitude: the job performance area covered four sub-areas including oral health education, preventive dental care, assistance for dental treatment, and administrative management. Results : The number of questions and reliability test result for each sub-area were as follows. Reliability coefficient for oral health education (10 questions) was 0.899, preventive dental care (8 questions) was 0.861, assistance for dental treatment (18 questions) was 0.915, administrative management (8 questions) was 0.919, competency of dental hygienists (11 questions) was 0.947, and attitude of dental hygienists (15 questions) was 0.955. Cronbach α coefficient for reliability of total 70 questions of the assessment tool was 0.980. Conclusions : The validity of the assessment tool was verified by three steps and the reliability proved to be significant. Consequently the assessment tool was found to be useful as an objective and valid job performance assessment tool for the dental hygienists.

정책-예산-평가 선순환체제 구축을 위한 정책 성과 평가도구 개발 - 경기도교육청 사례를 중심으로 -

이영희 ( Lee Young Hee ),홍섭근 ( Hong Sub-keun ),허재영 ( Heo Jaeyoung ),류광모 ( Ryu Kwangmo ) 인하대학교 교육연구소 2017 교육문화연구 Vol.23 No.2

본 연구는 경기도교육청 교육정책의 정책-예산-평가의 선순환체제 구축을 위한 적절한 평가도구를 개발하고 이를 통해 정책성과를 극대화, 일반화 할 수 있는 제도적 환경기반을 구축하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 정책-예산-평가 선순환체제에 대한 개념, 교육정책 성과 평과 관련 선행 연구 및 교육부, 시·도 교육청 평가도구 현황을 분석하였고, 교육정책 전문가 4인을 대상으로 전문가 자문회의를 진행하였다. 문헌연구와 전문가 자문회의, 연구진의 지속적인 협의 내용을 종합적으로 정리·분석하여 정책-예산-평가 선순화체제 구축과 관련된 평가도구 초안을 개발하였다. 도출한 평가도구 초안을 경기도교육청 핵심 교육정책과 관련된 연구 경험이 풍부한 전문가 집단 6인의 검토 및 현장 전문가 15인의 설문을 통해 평가도구의 타당성 검토를 실시하였다. 이러한 일련의 연구를 통해 첫째, 경기도교육청 교육정책 평가도구 개선안 및 핵심성과지표(KPI)를 제시하였다. 둘째, 경기도교육청 정책-예산-평가 선순환체제 구축방안을 제시하였다. 셋째, 중장기적 관점에서 평가시스템 개선을 위한 로드맵을 제안했다. 추후 연구에서는 개발된 평가도구를 현장의 특수성에 맞게 구체적으로 활용하고 평가 결과의 활용 방안을 구체화 하는 연구가 필요할 것이다. The study is to develop the assessment tool for the virtuous cycle of policy-budget-evaluation of Gyunggi Province Education Office to establish the systematic environment to make the accomplishment of policy outcome through the application of the tool developed. The research was to analyze the concepts of the virtuous cycle of policy-budget-evaluation, assessment of outcome for educational policy, some different assessment tools in many department of education office, and previous researches related with policy assessment to achieve the goals of this study. Also, the many experts in educational policy were involved in the review session to provide the insights of expertise for the assessment of educational policy. After reviewing the literature, experts meetings, and FGD (Focus Group Discussion), the first draft of assessment tool for the virtuous cycle of policy-budget-evaluation was developed by the research process. The six experts in educational policy and 15 experts in the field-based educational settings were participated in the survey for examining the validity of the first draft of assessment tool. Finally, the researchers of the study presented the assessment tool and suggested the systematic environment and the blue-print for the virtuous of policy-budgetevaluation of Gyunggi Province Education Office. There is a need for further research to specify the application and suggest the ways of implementation of the tool developed in the different fields of educational policy.

초등학교 「슬기로운 생활」 교과를 위한 성취기준, 평가기준 및 평가도구 개발

배진호 ( Jin Ho Bae ),안정민 ( Jeong Min Ahn ),김재영 ( Jae Young Kim ) 한국초등과학교육학회 2004 초등과학교육 Vol.23 No.2

To get an appropriate and meaningful performance assessment outcomes and to provide the base of essential elementary educational evaluations, we had tried to establish achievement standards, assessment standards and had developed appropriate assessment tools in 「Intelligent Life」 course of the elementary school in this study. The following things were taken into account to establish achievement standards, assessment standards and to develop assessment tools. First, managing deeply not only cognitive domain but also the basic inquiry skills and affective domain, all-round educational properties of integrated courses were likely to come out. Second, evaluating instructional processes as well as instructional results, we had developed assessment standards in elementary 2nd grade`s 「Intelligent Life」 course. Third, developing assessment standards on the basis of the 7th Curriculum, we had examined both text book and teacher`s guide to promote effectiveness of field application The type of an assessment tools had been developed variously, considering the characteristics of the elementary lower grades and properties of elementary 2nd grade`s 「Intelligent Life」 course. We had developed assessment tools to observe and evaluate practical achievement levels, placing great importance on the types of an assessment tools including observing, narrative of inquiry, report, etc. As a result of investigation of elementary teachers` understandings of the developed achievement standards, assessment standards, and an assessment tools, were revealed in the affirmative on the whole.