근로환경이 주관적 건강상태에 미치는 영향

이용원,Lee, Yong won 한국산업보건학회 2017 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.27 No.3

Objectives: This study was conducted to prepare fundamental data and prevention measures on health promotion and occupational disease, and to assess the effects of the working environment on subjective health status and absenteeism among workers using data from the third working environment survey in Korea. Methods: This study's subjects were composed of 29,711 wage workers from the 3rd working environment survey data. The dependent variables were several diseases, subjective health status and absences, and the independent variable was the working environment. The collected data were analyzed by One-Way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation and stepwise multiple analysis using the IBM SPSS(ver. 20.0) statistical package program. Results: The effecting factors for cardiovascular disease were age, working shift and emotional state. The effecting factors for anxiety and depression were years of education, working condition, duties, and emotional state. The effecting factors of insomnia were duty and emotional state. The positive effecting factors for absent days were work standing, working shift, number of night shifts, autonomy, and duties. The positive effecting factors of subjective health status were age, work standing, working years, working shift, appropriateness of working hours, leadership of superiors, duties and emotional state. Conclusions: Based on the above results, the author considers that it is necessary to improve the working environment to reduce absent days, such as by reducing of number of night shifts and giving autonomy regarding duties, and to improve the working environment for subjective health status such as by controlling the appropriateness of working hours and stability of the emotional state. In addition, this study provides fundamental data on health promotion and occupational disease among workers.

작업환경 및 근무조건 특성과 제조업 근로자의 스트레스 증상 간의 관련성

박경옥,Park, Kyoung-Ok 한국환경보건학회 2004 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.30 No.3

Stress is a primary health promotion issue in worksite research because psychological distress is closely related not only to workers health status but also to their job performance. This study identified the work environment and work condition factors affecting workers stress symptoms among the Korean manufacturing factory workers. A total of 7,818 factory workers employed in 1,562 manufacturing companies participated in the Korean nation-wide occupational health survey conducted by the Korean Occupational Safety and Health Agency in 2003. Participants were selected by the stratified proportional sampling process by standardized industry classification, company size, and locations. Trained interviewers visited the target companies and interviewed the factory workers randomly selected in each company. Work environments included physical work environments (temperature, noise, hazardous organic compounds, and so on) and psychological work environments (job demands, job control, and social support at work), and work conditions included daily working hour, rest time, and so on. Men were 71.5% and the mean age was 34.0 years old. The average working period in the present company was 6.9 years. The average stress score was 26.2 under the perfect score, 50, which means the moderate level of stress. Perceived stress had significant correlations with young age, poor physical work environment, high fatigue, bad perceived health status, and high job demands in Pearson's simple correlation analysis. Perceived health status and perceived fatigue explained 21% variance of stress symptoms and the work environment factor explained 4.8% of that; however, work condition did not have the sufficient effect. In particular, psychosocial work environment variables (job demand, job control, and social support at work) had a clear effect on stress symptoms rather than the physical work environments. Poor perceived health status, severe perceived fatigue, poor physical work environment, high job demands, low social support, heavy alcohol consumption and little exercise were significantly related to high stress symptoms in the Korean manufacturing workers.

중소규모 사업장의 작업환경과 건강장해에 관한 연구

김규상,정호근,노재훈,문영한,이경종 大韓産業醫學會 1993 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.5 No.1

Group health services for small and medium sized industries have launched in 1989. This study was performed to analyze the relationship between working environments and workers' health status by characteristics of small and medium sized industries. The medical checkup for workers and evaluation of working environments were performed for 205 industries in Inchon area during 1991. The industrial accident rate for general industries was significantly higher than that for special industries. The occurrence rate of occupational diseases for special industries was significantly higher than that for general industries. the frequency of worksite barzards was highest in metal industries. Incidence rate of industrial accidents, general and occupational diseases for workers of manufacturing industries were higher than those of non-manufacturing industries. The incidence rate of occupational diseases among industries have labor union was significantly higher than industries have not. the level of dust, chemicals and heavy metals in workplace were significantly different by industrial classification. The number of workplace which dust level exceeding TLV was the highest in manufacture of chemicals. As we have seen, general characteristics of industries were related with the working environments and workers' health status. Working environments were strongly related with health status of workers. These results may provide information to establish the group health services to improve workers' health status and working environments.

근로자들의 건강상태가 작업환경 인식에 미치는 영향

문영한,박종연,이경종,조명화 大韓産業醫學會 1992 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.4 No.1

To study the effects of workers' health status on the recognition about their work environment, a self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted to some factory workers in Inchon, October 1991. And the results of evaluation of work environment, screening examination were added and combined into one data set with the questionnaire survey data. The workers' recognition of work environment were measured by 5-point scale to each hazards, such as dust, noise, organic solvent, heavy metal, toxic gas, and general environment. Major workers responded that the hazards, especially dust and noise they recognized were harmful to their health. With the multiple regression analysis, workers' health status was astatistically significant variable to explain the recognition about their work environment. The worse a worker's health status was, the more he recognized the hazards were harmful to his health. And, of control variables, daily work hours, annual days of absence, union participation, past injury or illness, satisfaction about health service were significant variables accounting for the workers' recognition about work environment.

The Effects of Job Stress and Subjective Health Status on Satisfaction on Workplace Environment

Sang Gyoon Kim,Yongil Jeon 위기관리 이론과 실천 2020 Crisisonomy Vol.16 No.1

본 연구는 우리나라 근로자의 근무환경 만족도, 업무 스트레스, 주관적 건강상태 현황을 파악하고, 업무 스트레스와 주관적 건강상태가 근로환경 만족도에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. 제5차 한국근로환경조사에 응답한 만 15세 이상 취업자 총 50,205명을 대상으로 실증분석한 결과, 직업에 따라 주관적으로 느끼는 근로환경 만족도, 업무 스트레스, 건강상태에는 상당한 개인적인 차이가 발견되었다. 또한, 근로환경 만족도는 여성이 상대적으로 높고, 업무 스트레스는 남성이 높으며, 주관적 건강상태는 여성이 남성보다 좋지 않다고 생각하는 경향을 확인하였다. 그리고 우리나라 근로자의 근로환경만족도는 업무 스트레스와 주관적 건강상태에 상당히 영향을 받고 있다. 특히 업무관계에서 오는 스트레스, 좀 더 세부적으로는 인격적 존중과 전신피로가 근로환경 만족도에 상당한 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되어, 직업별 근로자의 내·외부 특성을 반영하여 효율적인 근로환경 만족도 개선방안이 강구되어야 한다. 특히, 기업조직에서는 근로자 간의 인격적 존중을 높일 수 있는 방안을 도입하고, 건강 증진 및 질병 예방 활동을 적극적으로 시행해야 한다. We identified interactions between job stress and subjective health status of Korean workers and their satisfaction level on work environment by analyzing the data for a total of 50,205 employees aged 15 or older collected from the 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey. The main results of the study were as follows: Firstly, the patterns of interaction among work environment satisfaction, job stress and health status depended on occupation and gender. Secondly, work environment satisfaction among Korean workers was heavily affected by the levels of job stress and subjective health status. Stress from relationship with coworkers, specifically personal disrespect and excessive fatigue, mainly affected their satisfaction on workplace environment. Therefore, the proper actions to enhance personal respects and reduce fatigue at workplace should be seriously considered and implemented, along with active health promotion and disease prevention activities.

치과위생사의 작업환경 유해위험요인과 주관적 건강상태와의 관계

김형주,권준영,임희정 한국치위생과학회 2022 대한치위생과학회지 Vol.5 No.2

Background: This study was aimed at investigating the type of work of dental hygienists and identifying factors affecting the subjective health status according to hazardous risk factors in the working environment. Methods: From May 15 to 31, 2019, we surveyed 411 dental hygienists working at dental hospitals in the metropolitan area. SPSS 25.0 was used to perform the frequency analysis, t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. Results: Regarding factors related to the degree of exposure to hazardous risk factors in the work environment and subjective health status, the more exposed the ergonomic (p<0.05) and psychological (p< 0.001)factors, the worse is the subjective health status. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the working environment should be improved for dental hygienists such that they can perform their duties in a safe environment.

미국과 영국에서의 법관 임용 실태 및 근무 환경에 관한 실증적 연구

진현섭 ( Jin Hyeon Seop ) 사법정책연구원 2023 연구보고서 Vol.2023 No.9

Korea implemented a new judicial appointment system in 2013 that contributed to unifying the legal profession, selecting judges from among existing lawyers who have a specific amount of legal experience, excellent practical skills, and good character, after modeling the judicial appointment processes of the United States and the United Kingdom. Significant adjustments are anticipated to be made in a number of areas, including the appointment of judges and their supplemental appointments, transfers, work division, salaries, and pensions. In order to ensure that qualified judges with particular legal careers are appointed, it is essential to thoroughly examine issues such as the assignment of previously appointed or upcoming judges to courts, the transfer of personnel, the division of work, the treatment of judges, such as remuneration and pension, and support for trial assistants for judges. This study aims to gather fundamental information to discuss how to better manage judges in Korea, which employed the unification of the legal profession system. This management includes judge allocation to courts, the division of work, and the transfer of personnel, as well as the treatment of judges, including judicial assistants, remuneration, and pension. To that end, detailed empirical data on the legal career at the time of appointment, previous work experience, occupation before the appointment, length of service after the appointment, transfer of personnel, division of work, judicial assistants, remuneration, and pension of judges in the United States and the United Kingdom, where the unification of the legal profession system has been established, would be introduced and analyzed. This study seeks to gain insights that will help provide incentives to appoint many excellent legal professionals as judges, thereby satisfying the purpose for which the unification of the legal profession system was introduced and creating an environment that encourages judges to remain in the profession for a long and stable career to ensure the success of this new system. The second chapter of this research looks into the legal career at the time of appointment, occupation before the appointment, length of service after the appointment, transfer of personnel, division of work, judicial assistants, remuneration, and pension of United States judges. Dividing the United States court system into federal and state courts, Section 1 begins with an overview of the federal court judge appointment process before delving into the legal career at the time of appointment, occupation before the appointment, and length of service after the appointment of judges to the Supreme Court, Federal Court of Appeals, and Federal District Court, before examining transfer of personnel, division of work, judicial duties, judicial assistants, remuneration, and pension. Section 2 investigates the organization and structure of state courts and selects a sample of nine states out of fifty to identify legal careers at the time of appointment, occupation before the appointment, and length of service after the appointment to the Supreme Court, Court of Appeals, and Court of First Instance in the selected nine states of judges. Furthermore, it examines the transfer of personnel, division of work, judicial duties, judicial assistants, remuneration, and pension of state court judges. In Section 3, federal and state court judges in the United States are compared with regard to their legal careers at the time of appointment, occupations before appointments, length of service after the appointments, transfer of personnel, division of work, judicial duties, judicial assistants, as well as remuneration and pension, with a view to drawing implications for Korea. Chapter 3 of this research examines the legal career at the time of appointment, occupation before the appointment, length of service after the appointment, transfer of personnel, division of work, judicial duties, judicial assistants, remuneration, and pension of United Kingdom judges. Section 1 provides a systematic overview of the organization of the United Kingdom courts and examines the various types of judges, including Supreme Court Justices, Court of Appeal Judges, High Court Judges, Circuit Judges, District Judges, and Tribunal Judges. Section 2 provides an overview of the appointment process of United Kingdom judges, examines the legal career at the time of appointment, occupation before the appointment, and length of service after the appointment of full-time judges, such as Supreme Court Justices, Court of Appeal Judges, High Court Judges, Circuit Judges, and District Judges, and then examines their transfer, duties, assistant staffs, remuneration, and pension. Section 3 synthesizes the legal career at the time of appointment, occupation before the appointment, length of service after the appointment, personnel transfer, division of work, judicial duties, judicial assistants, remuneration, and pension of United Kingdom judges, and thereby makes implications for Korea. The empirical data presented in this research can be used to draw the following implications by specifically examining the status quo of judicial appointments and the work environments in the United States and the United Kingdom, where the unification of the legal profession system is well established. First, it is not necessary to uniformly require a specific number of years of legal experience for all judicial appointees when determining the number of years of experience required for judge appointments in Korea. Instead, qualification requirements should be established in consideration of the duties to be carried out as a judge after the appointment. Second, the Court of Appeals and the Court of First Instance in Korea should be made up of qualified judges with comparable legal careers, analogous to the federal court of the United States. Third, in order to develop a pool of candidates with excellent practical skills for judicial appointments, it is necessary to encourage legal professionals with lawyer licenses to enter a variety of fields and expand their roles to include duties similar to those of judges. Fourth, the number of people who support judges in their work should increase, as should the extent of their involvement. Fifth, a body like the Judicial Compensation Commission should be created to regularly assess whether the level of remuneration for judges is appropriate to ensure that lawyers with excellent practical skills and good qualities may opt to serve as judges. Sixth, Korea needs to set up a part-time judge system to verify the competence, qualifications, and expertise of judges, similar to the United Kingdom. Seventh, in order to enhance the professionalism of judges and the specialization of trials, the current rotating judge system should be reduced. Additionally, consideration should be given to the appointment of judges based on function, long-term service in the same court, and long-term performance of the same work. Eighth, as in the United Kingdom, civil and criminal case-handling procedures should be diversified, and cases should be quickly classified to ensure that the most appropriate procedure is applied on a case-by-case basis. It is hoped that this research will contribute to creating incentives for excellent judicial professionals to be appointed as judges who fulfill the purpose for which the unified legal profession system was introduced in Korea and also likely contribute to developing a climate where appointed judges are encouraged to remain in their positions for a significant period to ensure the success of the unified legal profession system.

영유아 교원의 지위현황과 과제

조형숙,박찬옥,김정미 한국영유아교원교육학회 2004 유아교육학논집 Vol.8 No.2

The purpose of the study was to investigate the profiles of early childhood teachers' professional status in our society and explore solutions for improving. Teachers' professional status in society is determined by their position in laws, wage, and work environment such as maternal leave, in-service training, working hours. In order to investigate early childhood teachers' social and economic status in society, laws and regulations that related to early childhood teachers were analized. The profiles of early childhood teachers' wage and work environment was explored by analyzing two main research literature. Preschool and kindergarten teachers and child care providers' professional status are not clearly stated and applied in laws and in reality. Their work environment are much poorer than elementary teachers. Therefore, teachers turnover is very high and it is very harmful for quality in early childhood education. It is recommended that public fund should be provided for reforming early childhood teachers' professional status. Further research that investigate social and economical effect of quality early childhood education should be conducted continuously. 본 연구는 영유아교원의 지위현황을 법적, 사회, 경제적 측면에서 검토하고 이를 개선하기 위한 대안을 제시하고자 하였다. 법적 지위를 파악하기 위하여 유치원 교사와 보육교사의 신분, 근무조건, 복지 등에 관한 규정을 제시하고 있는 관련법 조항을 분석하였으며, 지위실태를 알아보기 위하여 최근에 이루어진 영유아교원의 근무실태에 관한 선행연구를 검토하였다. 연구결과 영유아교원의 법적 지위는 교원으로서의 신분과 권리가 다른 교사들에 비해 명확하게 보장되어 있지 않았으며, 근무실태에 비추어볼때, 사회, 경제적 지위가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 이를 개선하기 위한 방법으로 영유아교원관련 특별법 제정등의 법률적 대안제시와 영유아교육관련 정책연구의 필요성을 제기하였다.

한국 여성근로자의 직업관련 건강상태와 영향요인

홍은영(Hong, Eun-Young),김상돌(Kim, Sang-Dol) 한국산학기술학회 2012 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.13 No.9

본 연구는 한국 여성근로자의 직업관련 건강상태와 영향요인을 파악하기 위한 서술적 상관관계연구이다. 본 연구자료는 한국산업안전보건공단 한국산업안전보건연구원에서 취업자 근로환경 전국표본조사를 위해 2006년도 시행 한 근로환경조사를 바탕으로 20-64세 여성근로자들로부터 얻었다. 한국 여성근로자의 직업관련 신체적 건강상태는 교 육수준, 가정내 주수입원 종류, 회사규모, 고용형태, 주당 근로시간, 교대근무여부, 직무요구도 등에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 심리적 건강상태는 교육수준, 월 평균소득, 가정내 주수입원 종류, 주당 근로시간, 교대근무 여부, 감정노동 여부, 직무요구도, 직무자율성, 물리적 위험, 화학적 위험, 근골격계 위험부담요인 등에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 직업 관련 신체적·심리적 건강상태에 영향을 주는 요인을 알아보기 위해 단계적 중회귀분석을 한 결과 신체적 건강상태와 심리적 건강상태에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 요인은 근골격계 부담 이었고 설명력은 각각 6.12%, 2.97% 이었다. 그러므 로 근골격계 부담요인 감소를 위한 작업장 환경조성과 체계적인 건강관리 및 보건교육이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. This is a descriptive correlation study to identify health status and affecting factors related to job among Korean women employees. Data were obtained from women employees aged 20 to 64 using the Korean Working Conditions Survey 2006(KWCS). Stepwise multiple regression analysis using SAS version 9.1 was performed to identify affecting factors on physical and psychological health status related to job among Korean women employees. Musculoskeletal work-load was the most significant factor affecting on both physical and psychological health status. Modification of work environment to relieve musculoskeletal work-load, systemic health management and health education needs to be given to women employees who were exposed to high musculoskeletal work-load.

경제불황 전후 남성고령자 근로여부에 영향을 미치는 요인 비교

손영희,최균 한국노인복지학회 2014 노인복지연구 Vol.0 No.66

The purpose of this study is to support satisfactory work policy and efficient manpowerutilization of the elderly men by examining which factors affect work conditions. In approachingthe issue, we examined what has been changed before and after the economic crisis in 2008. 1,208(year 2006) and 1,068(year 2010) men aged 65 to 74 who met the criteria were analyzedbased on the surveys of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing. The results have shown thatboth in 2006 and 2010, some of independent variables; education background(—) and healthconditions(+), last annual income(+), number of children(+), status of rearing grandchildren(—)statistically affect on work status. While age(—), residence type, status of fostering parents(+)affected significantly before the economic crisis in 2006, only age(+) affected meaningfully in2010. What this indicates is that work participation of the elderly was swelled due to economicburdens after the economic crisis. 본 연구는 고령인력의 효율적인 활용방안과 고령자들이 만족할 수 있는 일자리 정책에도움이 될 수 있도록 남성고령자들의 근로여부에 영향을 미치는 요인의 분석을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 2008년 경제불황 전후 어떤 차이가 있는지 살펴보았으며, 고령화연구패널조사데이터 2006년(1차)과 2010년(3차)자료 중 남성 고령자(65~74세) 1,208명(2006년)과 1,068(2010년)명을 분석하였다. 자료 분석결과, 2006년과 2010년에서 공통적으로 독립변수 중 개인의 능력요인인 학력(-)과 건강(+)이, 환경적 요인인 경제(지난 1년 총소득, 총자산) 중 지난 1년 총소득(+), 환경적 요인인 가족(자녀수(+), 손자녀 양육여부(—))이 근로여부에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 경제불황 이전인 2006년은 연령(—), 주택유형, 부모 부양여부(+)가 고령자 근로에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나, 2010년에는 연령만이(+) 유의한 영향요인으로 나타났다. 이러한 차이는 경제불황 이후 경제적 어려움으로 인한고령자의 근로참여가 증가하였다는 사실을 보여준다.