Rice Chloroplast Genome Variation Architecture and Phylogenetic Dissection in Diverse <i>Oryza</i> Species Assessed by Whole-Genome Resequencing

Tong, Wei,Kim, Tae-Sung,Park, Yong-Jin Springer US 2016 Rice Vol.9 No.-

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Chloroplast genome variations have been detected, despite its overall conserved structure, which has been valuable for plant population genetics and evolutionary studies. Here, we described chloroplast variation architecture of 383 rice accessions from diverse regions and different ecotypes, in order to mine the rice chloroplast genome variation architecture and phylogenetic.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>A total of 3677 variations across the chloroplast genome were identified with an average density of 27.33 per kb, in which wild rice showing a higher variation density than cultivated groups. Chloroplast genome nucleotide diversity investigation indicated a high degree of diversity in wild rice than in cultivated rice. Genetic distance estimation revealed that African rice showed a low level of breeding and connectivity with the Asian rice, suggesting the big distinction of them. Population structure and principal component analysis revealed the existence of clear clustering of African and Asian rice, as well as the <I>indica</I> and <I>japonica</I> in Asian cultivated rice. Phylogenetic analysis based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods and the population splits test suggested and supported the independent origins of <I>indica</I> and <I>japonica</I> within Asian cultivated rice. In addition, the African cultivated rice was thought to be domesticated differently from Asian cultivated rice.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>The chloroplast genome variation architecture in Asian and African rice are different, as well as within Asian or African rice. Wild rice and cultivated rice also have distinct nucleotide diversity or genetic distance. In chloroplast level, the independent origins of <I>indica</I> and <I>japonica</I> within Asian cultivated rice were suggested and the African cultivated rice was thought to be domesticated differently from Asian cultivated rice. These results will provide more candidate evidence for the further rice chloroplast genomic and evolution studies.</P><P><B>Electronic supplementary material</B></P><P>The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12284-016-0129-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</P>

한국과 주요 벼 생산국에서 유통되는 브랜드 쌀의 외관 특성 비교

김재현,이정일,강희경,손종록,김제규 한국국제농업개발학회 2002 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.14 No.2

쌀 품질 고급화에 대비한 기초자료를 얻고자 우리나라 및 외국의 주요 쌀 생산국에서 유통되는 브랜드쌀 45종의 상품적 가치기준의 하나인 외관특성을 조사하였던바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 우리나라와 주요 쌀 생산국에서 수집된 브랜드쌀의 평균 완전미율은 우리나라 쌀이 57.4%로 가장 낮았고, 일본쌀이 86.0%, 호주쌀이 85.2%, 미국쌀은 80.5%, 중국쌀은 79.6%이었다. 2. 수집된 브랜드쌀의 불완전미 함유율은 쇄미, 미숙립 등은 국가별로 큰 차이가 없었으나 심복백미의 경우 우리나라 쌀이 외국쌀에 비하여 매우 많았고 피해립이 우리나라 브랜드 쌀이 많은 편이다. 3. 우리나라 유통 브랜드쌀의 완전미와 불완전미의 상관중 완전미율과 심복백미율간에 고도의 부의 상관을 나타냈으며 완전미율과 쌀가격간에는 상관이 없었다. In an attempt to obtain fundamental data for the elevation of rice quality, we examined the appearance property of rice circulating in home and foreign countries, which is considered as a commercial value of brand rice. The average ratio of head rice was the highest for the Japanese rice, 86.0%, followed by Australian 85.2%, American 80.5%, and Chinese 79.6% and the Korean brand marked only 57.4%, the lowest value. when we consider the incomplete rice ratio of foreign brand rices, broken, damaged, and immature kernels were found by similar level but the ratio of white core & belly rice was more found from our rice than foreign rices. Among the correlations from head rice and incomplete rices, a very high negative-correlation was shown between head rice and white core & belly rice ratio. Any correlation was not found between head rice ratio and price.

Rice Hoppers and Associated Virus Diseases in Nepal

Hira Kaji Manandhar,Prem Nidhi Sharma 한국응용곤충학회 2012 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.10

Nepal is endowed with rich diversity in land races of rice and also some wild rice species. Some of them are known for their resistance to insect and diseases, including rice hoppers and viruses. Nepal has so far released 68 improved rice varieties for different domains. With the introduction of improved varieties incidences of insect and diseases increased. Leafhoppers and planthoppers are among the rice insects of economic importance in Nepal. Till a decade ago, rice gundhi bug used to be the most important insect of rice. Now, hoppers have become more important. Of leafhoppers, green leafhopper (Nephotettix nigropictus), white leafhoppers (Cofena spectra) and zig zag leafhopper (Resilia dorsalis) are the common ones. Of them, N. nigropictus was found to transmit rice dwarf phytoreovirus, and N. virescens to transmit rice tungro bacilliform badna virus and rice tungro spherical waikavirus in Nepal. Of planthoppers, brown planthopper (BPH) (Nilaparvata lugens) and white-backed planthopper (WbPH) (Sogatella furcifera) are the major ones. Isolated outbreaks of BPH have been recorded from 1977 to recent past years and of WbPH in 1982. However, no virus diseases associated with BPH and WBPH have been recorded in Nepal though some yellow syndrome in large areas has been reported from BPH occurring area (Chitwan) for the last couple of years. It is worth to note that IPM-FFS (farmers’ field school) approach was adopted in 1997 in rice after the outbreak of BPH in Chitwan district. Farmers are practicing wetting and drying of rice fields for the management of BPH. Other management practices recommended include use of biopesticides, predators, light traps, chemicals and resistant varieties. With the objective of monitoring rice planthoppers and associated rice viruses Nepal in 2011 joined “Collaboration network for the management of migratory rice planthoppers and associated virus diseases of rice in Asia” - a regional project of Asian Food and Agriculture Cooperation Initiatives (AFACI), Korea.

경상북도 지역별 최고품질 벼 품종의 수량 및 품질 특성

신종희,김상국,김세종 한국작물학회 2017 한국작물학회지 Vol.62 No.4

Rice quality should be considered as a primary consumer requirement. Regarding marketing, characteristics such as appearance, physicochemical properties, and palatability of brand rice are of high economic importance. Therefore, this study was conducted to select the optimal rice cultivars representing the commercial rice brands of Gyeongsangbuk-do province in Korea. Various rice grain quality components, grain appearance, several physicochemical properties of rice grain, and texture or palatability of cooked rice grains of ten cultivars (namely ‘top quality rice’) cultivated at three different locations, such as inland mountainous and southern plain areas of Gyeongsangbuk-do province in 2013~2014, were evaluated, and the obtained data was analyzed. ‘Hiami’ showed slightly higher protein contents and lower palatability of cooked rice than the other rice cultivars. Rice production and head rice yield produced at Gumi were the highest. The protein content of milled rice produced at Andong, an inland mountainous region, was approximately 0.3% point lower than that from other locations, whereas the amylose content of milled rice was approximately 1% point higher than those from the other plain regions, Daegu and Gumi. We evaluated the texture, Glossiness value determined using a Toyo teste meter and palatability of cooked rice of ten cultivars. The hardness of cooked rice produced in Andong was slightly lower than that produced in Daegu and Gumi, and additionally, the palatability of cooked rice produced in Andong was the best, followed by that producted in Gumi and Daegu. Considering rice yield and grain quality in the major rice cultivation areas of Gyeongsangbuk-do province, the rice cultivars that may be suitable for each region could be recommended mid-late maturation: ‘Younghojinmi’ and ‘Mipum’ in Daegu, ‘Daebo’, ‘Samgwang’, Chilbo’ and ‘Younghojinmi’ in Gumi, ‘Samgwang’, ‘Jinsumi’ and ‘Sukwang’ in Andong. These results obtained in this study imply that the selected cultivars with high yield and quality could be recommended with high priority to rice farmers in the regions. 2013~2014년간 벼 등숙기 기상은 평균기온은 평년대비±0.2℃ 로 비슷하고, 등숙 후반기인 10월 상순의 기온이 평년에 비해 지역별로 1.0~1.6℃ 높아 안정적인 등숙이 가능한 조건이었다. 지역별 출수기의 경우 대구, 구미지역보다5일 일찍 이앙한 안동지역의 평균 출수기가 2일 정도 늦어지는 경향이었으며, 영호진미의 경우 안동지역에서 출수기가 타 지역 보다 4~5일 더 늦어지면서 등숙률이 77.4%로현저히 낮았다. 구미지역의 쌀 수량이 평균 671 kg/10a로 가장 많았다. 수광의 경우 수당립수, 현미천립중, 등숙률, 쌀수량 등 전반적인 생육 및 수량특성이 지역별 차이 없이비슷하였다. 도정한 쌀의 완전미 비율은 대구지역에서는 진수미, 영호진미, 미품이 각각 92.0, 92.8, 90.0%로 높고 구미지역에서는 대보, 칠보, 수광이 90% 이상의 완전미율을 보였으며, 안동지역은 진수미와 수광의 완전미율이 높게 나타났다. 호품은 시험지역 모두에서 가장 낮은 완전미율을 나타내었다. 백미에 함유된 단백질 분석결과, 품종별로는 하이아미가 가장 높게 나타났으며 지역별로는 안동지방에서 재배된경우 모든 품종에서 단백질 함량이 낮았다. 특히 영호진미의 경우 대구, 구미, 안동지역 모두에서 6%이하의 단백질 함량을 나타내었다. 아밀로스 함량은 안동지역에서 재배된경우 대구와 구미지역에 비해 높았다. 고품과 대보의 경우대구지역에서 찰기와 부착성이 낮게 나타났고, 진수미와영호진미의 경우 재배 지역에 따른 식감 특성 차이가 적었다. 지역별 최고품질벼 수량 및 품질 특성 분석을 통하여대구지역은 진수미, 영호진미, 미품, 수광을 선발하고, 구미지역은 대보, 삼광, 칠보, 수광, 영호진미, 미품을, 안동지역은 삼광, 대보, 진수미, 수광을 선발 하였다. 이미 개발된 많은 우수한 품종의 특성을 파악하고 각 지역의 환경에 적합한 품종 선택하여 재배함으로써 고품질 쌀을 생산하면 농업인의 소득도 보장이 되고 우리 쌀도 지킬 수 있을 것이다. 따라서 본 시험결과를 활용하여 경북 주요 농업지대별식미가 우수한 품종을 선별하여 농가에서 지역브랜드로 활용토록 함과 동시에 지역별로 다른 환경변이에 맞추어 식미가 우수한 쌀을 생산 할 수 있도록 하는 자료를 제공하고자 한다.

파쇄미 쌀가루를 이용한 즉석 쌀국수의 품질특성

최은지(Eun-Ji Choi),김창희(Chang-Hee Kim),김영붕(Young-Boong Kim),금준석(Jun-Seok Kum),정윤화(Yoonhwa Jeong),박종대(Jong-Dae Park) 한국식품영양과학회 2014 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.43 No.8

쌀국수 분야에서 쌀의 도정 부산물인 파쇄미의 이용을 증대시키고 쌀국수 소재로서의 가능성을 평가하고자, 일반미 쌀가루, 파쇄미 쌀가루, 일반미와 파쇄미 혼합 쌀가루의 이화학적 특성을 조사하고 이들 쌀가루를 60% 첨가한 즉석 쌀국수를 제조하였으며, 쌀국수의 조리품질과 관능적 품질특성을 비교하였다. 원료 쌀가루의 손상전분 함량과 수분결합능력은 파쇄미 쌀가루가 가장 높았으며, 호화점도에서 setback은 파쇄미 쌀가루와 일반미 및 파쇄미 혼합 쌀가루가 유의적으로 가장 높았다. 쌀국수의 조리 후 수분흡수율은 대조구로 사용한 일반미 쌀국수가 유의적으로 가장 높았으며 파쇄미 쌀가루로 제조한 쌀국수는 대조구보다 조리 후 부피가 증가하였다. 파쇄미와 일반미 쌀가루를 혼합하여 제조한 쌀국수는 조리손실률과 조리수의 탁도가 대조구보다 높게 나타났다. 기계적 조직감에서 파쇄미 쌀국수와 파쇄미 및 일반미 혼합 쌀국수는 대조구보다 경도, 부착성 및 씹힘성이 낮은 조직감 특성을 나타내었다. 정량적 묘사분석에서 탄력성, 씹힘성은 대조구가 5점 이상을 나타내어 파쇄미 쌀국수와 비교하여 상대적으로 쫄깃한 조직감을 가지는 것으로 평가되었다. 전반적 기호도는 일반미 쌀가루만으로 제조한 대조구가 유의적으로 가장 높게 평가되었다. 이상의 결과로부터 파쇄미와 일반미 혼합 쌀가루로 제조한 쌀국수는 조직감과 전반적 기호도에서 파쇄미 단일 쌀가루로 제조한 쌀국수와 유의차가 없어 일반미 쌀가루를 첨가함으로써 품질개선을 기대하였으나 관능특성에서 큰 차이는 없었다. 따라서 파쇄미 쌀가루를 이용하여 즉석 쌀국수를 제조할 때 조리품질 및 조직감 향상을 위하여 일반미 쌀가루의 혼합량을 조절하는 것이 파쇄미 쌀가루를 이용한 쌀국수 제조에 바람직하다고 생각된다. This study investigated the quality characteristics of instant rice noodles manufactured with broken rice flour as an application of rice-processed products. We examined the physicochemical characteristics of common rice flour (CRF), broken rice flour (BRF), and CRF mixed with BRF (CBRF). Futhermore, instant rice noodles were manufactured with these three types of rice flour, and their quality and sensory characteristics were also investigated. Damaged starch content and water-binding capacity of rice flour were highest in BRF. Particle size of rice flour was significantly different among the three types. RVA pasting viscosities of BRF and CBRF were higher than that of CRF. Volume after cooking of instant rice noodles increased in rice noodles made with broken rice flour (BRN). Turbidity and cooking loss of BRN were higher than those of common rice noodles (CON). For texture properties, CON displayed the highest hardness, adhesiveness, and chewiness. In the sensory evaluation, springiness and overall acceptability values of CON were significantly higher than those of other rice noodle types (BRN and CBRN). In conclusion, BRN showed increased cooking loss and turbidity with reduced texture and overall acceptability values. The results of this study suggest that added amount of CRF may significantly increase the overall quality of instant rice noodles prepared with BRF.

발아 거대배아미의 당화력 및 전분입자의 이화학적 특성

강미영 ( Kang Mi Yeong ),이연리 ( Lee Yeon Li ),남석현 ( Nam Seog Hyeon ) 한국응용생명화학회 2003 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.46 No.3

Rice seeds of 4 cultivars including Whachung-giant embryonic rice and Nampung-giant embryonic rice, as a group of the non-waxy rice cultivars, and Shinsunchal-giant embryonic rice and Whachungchal-giant embryonic rice, as that of the waxy rice cultivars, were germinated at 27℃ for 3 days to compare the changes in some physicochemical properties of the starch granules and the starch-hydrolysing enzyme activities during germination. respectively. α-Amylase activity of rices germinated for 3 days found to be higher than that of malt. Especially. Whachung-giant embryonic rife and Shinsunchal-giant embryonic rice were greater in activity than other rice cultivars and possessed the activities double that of malt. In contrast, β-amylase of germinated rice found to be considerably less active than malt, although the giant embryonic rice group showed prevalent activity as compared to the normal rice group. With the starch granulet, the amount of long glucose chains from amylose molecules were reduced in the non-waxy type giant embryonic rices, while the chain length increase was found in the waxy type giant embryonic rices. For the distribution profile of the glucose chain length from amylopectin molecules, we could observed that the chain length with DP (degree of polymerization) ranged 33 to 66 and 14 to 32 increased with the decreasing rate of that above 67 and below 13 regardless of starch waxiness. With non-waxy type of giant embryonic rices, susceptibility for glucoamylase were found to reduce along with germination, however, increase in susceptibility was observed with waxy rice types. In addition, we found the reduction in both initiation and termination temperature, and enthalpy for gelatinization.

벼흰잎마름병 균계 K1 및 K3a 접종에 따른 조생종 벼 품종의 수량성 및 품질변이

박현수,김기영,신문식,노태환,정지웅,김우재,서정필,하기용,백만기,백소현,강현중,고재권,김보경 한국육종학회 2012 한국육종학회지 Vol.44 No.4

조생종 벼 품종인 오대, 운광과 HR28021-AC16 계통에 대한 벼흰잎마름병 저항성 유전자분석과 K1과 K3a 균계를 접종한 후에 수량 및 품질 관련 형질들의 변이에 대하여 분석하였다. 오대는 저항성 유전자를 보유하지 않는 것으로 나타났고, 운광은 Xa3 유전자를, HR28021-AC16은 Xa21 유전자를가지는 것으로 확인되었다. 오대는 K1과 K3a 균계 모두에 이병성을 보였고, 운광은 K1에는 저항성을 K3a에는 이병성을보였다. HR28021-AC16은 K1 균계에는 이병성을 나타냈고K3a 균계에는 저항성 반응을 보였다. 균계접종에 의한 이병성 정도와 2차 감염 정도로 볼 때, K3a 균계가 K1 균계에 비해 병원성이 강한 것으로 나타났다. K1과 K3a 균계 접종에따른 생산력검정시험에서 균계 처리와 반응에 의해 변이가발생한 형질들 중에 등숙률, 정현비율, 현미수량과 완전미도정수율은 서로 간에 정의 상관관계를 나타냈으며, 이들 형질들과 현미 및 백미 단백질 함량은 부의 상관관계를 나타냈다.사미는 등숙률 및 완전미도정수율과 부의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 주성분분석에서 주성분 1을 기준으로 등숙률, 정현비율,현미수량 및 완전미도정수율과 사미, 현미 및 백미 단백질 함량이 다른 방향성을 나타냈고, 주성분 2를 기준으로는 등숙률과 사미가 다른 방향성을 나타냈다. Xa21 유전자를 가지고있는 HR28021-AC16은 K3a에는 저항성 반응을 보였으나K1 균계 접종구에서는 등숙률, 정현비율, 현미수량 및 완전미도정수율은 감소하였고 사미는 증가하는 등 이병성 반응을나타냈다. Xa21 유전자는 최근 큰 피해를 주는 K3a 균계에대해 강한 저항성을 보이나, 우리나라 우점 균계인 K1에 이병성을 보이기 때문에 K1 균계에 저항성인 다른 유전자와의집적을 통한 활용이 안정적인 저항성 증진에 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. This study was conducted to analyze the variation of yield and grain quality-related traits after inoculation of two Korean bacterial blight races, K1 and K3a in early maturing japonica rice varieties. Odaebyeo that don’t have any resistanc gene to bacterial blight showed susceptible reaction to K1 and K3a. Unkwang, carrying Xa3, showed resistance reaction to K1 and susceptible reaction to K3a. HR28021-AC16 was indentified to have the Xa21 gene, which confers resistance to K2, K3 and K3a, while shows susceptible reaction to K1, predominant race in Korea. According to the degree of virulence and the secon infection, K3a was more virulent than K1. In yield trial test after inoculation of K1 and K3a, ratio of ripened grain, brown/roug rice ratio, brown rice yield, and milling recovery of head rice were positively correlated with each other and showed negativ correlation with protein content of brown and milled rice. Dead kernel of brown rice showed negative correlation with ratio o ripened grain and milling recovery of head rice. In the principal component analysis, ratio of ripened grain, brown/rough ric ratio, brown rice yield and milling recovery of head rice showed opposite direction with dead kernel of brown rice and protein content of brown and milled rice by first principal component. HR28021-AC16, carrying Xa21, showed the susceptible reaction to K1 such as the reduction of ratio of ripened grain, brown/rough rice ratio, brown rice yield, and milling recovery of head rice and the increase of opaque kernel of brown rice, while showed the resistant reaction to K3a. Although Xa21 can improv the resistance to K3a, it would be desirable to breed pyramided varieties with Xa21 and other genes, which can complemen the resistance to K1.

Rice proteomics: Ending phase I and the beginning of phase II

Agrawal, Ganesh Kumar,Jwa, Nam-Soo,Rakwal, Randeep WILEY-VCH Verlag 2009 Proteomics Vol.9 No.4

<P>Rice is a critically important food crop plant on our planet. It is also an excellent model plant for cereal crops, and now in position to serve as a reference plant for biofuel production. Proteomics study of rice therefore is crucial to better understand “rice” as a whole. Rice proteomics has moved well beyond the initial proteome analysis in the early to late 1990s. Since the year 2000, numerous proteomic studies have been performed in rice during growth and development and against a wide variety of environmental factors. These proteomic investigations have established the high-resolution 2-D reference gels of rice tissues, organs, and organelle under normal and adverse (stressed) conditions by optimizing suitable, reproducible systems for gel, and MS-based proteomic techniques, which “rejuvenated” the rice proteome field. This constituted the “phase I” in rice proteomics, and resulted in rice being labeled as the “cornerstone” of cereal food crop proteomes. Now, we are in position to state that rice proteomics today marks the “beginning of phase II”. This is due to the fact that rice researchers are capable of digging deeper into the rice proteome, mapping PTMs (in particular reversible protein phosphorylation), performing inter- and intra-species comparisons, integrating proteomics data with other “omic” technologies-generated data, and probing the functional aspect of individual proteins. These advancements and their impact on the future of rice proteomics are the focus of this review.</P>

미곡종합처리장 곡류시료 내 곰팡이 오염과 Fusarium 독소 발생

이데레사,이수형,김이한,류재기 한국식물병리학회 2014 식물병연구 Vol.20 No.4

Rice samples including paddy, husk, brown rice, blue-tinged rice, broken rice, discolored rice and polished ricewere collected from rice processing complexes(RPC) nationwide to determine the contamination of fungi andmycotoxins on rice during 2010-2013. Among the samples, paddy rice had the highest frequencies of fungaland Fusarium occurrence, and the frequencies decreased along with milling as husk was the next. Blue-tingedrice or discolored rice was similar with brown rice for fungal occurrence, and polished rice showed the lowestfrequency. Among Fusarium species, F. graminearum species complex occupied 87% in 2012 but did 35-39%in 2011 and 2013. Aspergillus and Penicillium species appeared at low frequency in most samples but occurredat higher frequency in certain RPC samples. Alternaria, Nigrospora, and Epicoccum species occurred similarlyto the pattern of total fungi. The rice samples from 2010-2012 were analyzed for the occurrence of Fusariummycotoxins including deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, zearalenone, and other trichothecenes. The most highly contaminatedsample was discolored rice in terms of frequency, level, ratio of simultaneous contamination withmultiple toxins, followed by blue-tinged rice. Rice samples including paddy, husk, brown rice, blue-tinged rice, broken rice, discolored rice and polished rice were collected from rice processing complexes(RPC) nationwide to determine the contamination of fungi and mycotoxins on rice during 2010-2013. Among the samples, paddy rice had the highest frequencies of fungal and Fusarium occurrence, and the frequencies decreased along with milling as husk was the next. Blue-tingedrice or discolored rice was similar with brown rice for fungal occurrence, and polished rice showed the lowestfrequency. Among Fusarium species, F. graminearum species complex occupied 87% in 2012 but did 35-39%in 2011 and 2013. Aspergillus and Penicillium species appeared at low frequency in most samples but occurredat higher frequency in certain RPC samples. Alternaria, Nigrospora, and Epicoccum species occurred similarlyto the pattern of total fungi. The rice samples from 2010-2012 were analyzed for the occurrence of Fusariummycotoxins including deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, zearalenone, and other trichothecenes. The most highly contaminatedsample was discolored rice in terms of frequency, level, ratio of simultaneous contamination withmultiple toxins, followed by blue-tinged rice.

정조 상태에서 투과법과 반사법을 이용한 백미 및 현미 성분의 비파괴 측정

권영립(Young-Rip Kwon),조승현(Seung-Hyun Cho),송영은(Young-Eun Song),이재흥(Jae-Heung Lee),조종현(Chong-Hyeon Cho) 한국작물학회 2006 한국작물학회지 Vol.51 No.5

The purpose of this study is to measure fundamental data required for the prediction of rice quality and to develop regression models to predict protein, amylose, moisture and fatty acid contents, and Toyo taste meter value (TTMV) of brown and polished rice from hulled rice NIR spectra. NIR spectra of hulled rice measured in transmittance mode (850-1050 ㎚) and in reflectance mode (400-2500 ㎚) were used to predicted chemical compositions of brown rice and polished rice. For most chemicals, the transmittance spectra could provide better calibration results than the reflectance ones. Beside the Toyo taste meter value (TTMV), the hulled rice spectra could predict chemical contents with the determination coefficients higher than 0.8. Spectra of hulled rice measured in transmittance mode could be used for the prediction of chemical compositions in brown rice and polished rice precisely. However, taste value of polished rice was a constituent that was hardly to be predicted.