아동기 공간지능발달을 위한 자연 환경 VR 체험에 관한 연구

홍주희 ( Joohee Hong ),조택연 ( Taigyoun Cho ) 한국공간디자인학회 2018 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.13 No.2

(Background and Purpose) In modern society, small private educational spaces for children are artificially composed, and the development of space intelligence among children is limited in such spaces. In urban environments, nature has disappeared, and children are educated with the limited exposure to the elements of natural shapes. Such non-natural spaces are not suitable for children. To substitute for the absence of natural shapes in educational spaces for children in modern society with limitations of time, space, and distance, children were exposed to VR images containing elements of natural shapes. Thus, this study aims to suggest a theoretical background regarding an environment where the development of space intelligence among children is formed by researching the effects of experience with a VR visual environment on the development of space intelligence during a specific period of childhood. It also aimed to facilitate to the development of space intelligence with the use of VR experiences among children in modern society who are less exposed to elements of natural shapes. (Methods) This study examined whether the space intelligence of children during a specific period of childhood is developed through exposure to elements of natural shapes in VR. According to Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences, children's intelligence includes intelligence regarding space and the natural environment. According to Montessori and Piaget, there is a time when the development of space intelligence for children is maximized. Understanding the system and structure of nature in accordance with structure as an element of natural shapes, it was supposed that the space perceptual ability of children in a specific developmental period would be developed through observation of the structure and laws of natural shapes. The development of space intelligence among children is facilitated by realizing images with elements of natural shapes in VR. As current VR technology cannot accord with humans' somesthetic sensibility, among humans' senses, the visual experience was focused on. (Results) Regarding the period in which the development of space intelligence is activated, Piaget considered it to occur at 7-11 years old during the concrete operational stage, and Montessori considered it to occur at 8-12 years old during stage 2. Based on this, subjects of 6-12 years old were used. To measure space development ability, the projective space concept was differentiated from the topological space concept. Referring to previous studies, drawing figures were used to measure the projective space, and to measure the topological space, the 3-dimensional image experiment that Piaget used to measure space development was employed. The spatial development between children who viewed the VR images containing elements of natural shapes and children who did not view them was compared. Among 80 children of 8-12 years old from a small-sized private institute, 40 were assigned to a group that viewed the VR images containing elements of natural shapes, and 40 were assigned to a group that did not view them. They were then asked to solve questions for evaluating space intelligence in a questionnaire. (Conclusions) According to the results of the experiment, the children who viewed the VR images containing elements of natural shapes had higher space perceptual ability than the children who did not. The space intelligence of children in a specific period was developed through exposure to VR images containing elements of natural shapes. Thus, children residing in cities of modern society with limited development of their space intelligence owing to the absence of nature could improve their space intelligence by experiencing VR images containing elements of natural shapes.

Appearance Based Object Identification for Mobile Robot Localization in Intelligent Space with Distributed Vision Sensors

Jin, TaeSeok,Morioka, Kazuyuki,Hashimoto, Hideki Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems 2004 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of FUZZY LOGIC and INTELLIGE Vol.4 No.2

Robots will be able to coexist with humans and support humans effectively in near future. One of the most important aspects in the development of human-friendly robots is to cooperation between humans and robots. In this paper, we proposed a method for multi-object identification in order to achieve such human-centered system and robot localization in intelligent space. The intelligent space is the space where many intelligent devices, such as computers and sensors, are distributed. The Intelligent Space achieves the human centered services by accelerating the physical and psychological interaction between humans and intelligent devices. As an intelligent device of the Intelligent Space, a color CCD camera module, which includes processing and networking part, has been chosen. The Intelligent Space requires functions of identifying and tracking the multiple objects to realize appropriate services to users under the multi-camera environments. In order to achieve seamless tracking and location estimation many camera modules are distributed. They causes some errors about object identification among different camera modules. This paper describes appearance based object representation for the distributed vision system in Intelligent Space to achieve consistent labeling of all objects. Then, we discuss how to learn the object color appearance model and how to achieve the multi-object tracking under occlusions.

Appearance Based Object Identification for Mobile Robot Localization in Intelligent Space with Distributed Vision Sensors

TaeSeok Jin,Kazuyuki Morioka,Hideki Hashimoto 한국지능시스템학회 2004 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of FUZZY LOGIC and INTELLIGE Vol.4 No.2

Robots will be able to coexist with humans and support humans effectively in near future. One of the most important aspects in the development of human-friendly robots is to cooperation between humans and robots. In this paper, we proposed a method for multi-object identification in order to achieve such human-centered system and robot localization in intelligent space. The intelligent space is the space where many intelligent devices, such as computers and sensors, are distributed. The Intelligent Space achieves the human centered services by accelerating the physical and psychological interaction between humans and intelligent devices. As an intelligent device of the Intelligent Space, a color CCD camera module, which includes processing and networking part, has been chosen. The Intelligent Space requires functions of identifying and tracking the multiple objects to realize appropriate services to users under the multi-camera environments. In order to achieve seamless tracking and location estimation many camera modules are distributed. They causes some errors about object identification among different camera modules. This paper describes appearance based object representation for the distributed vision system in Intelligent Space to achieve consistent labeling of all objects. Then, we discuss how to learn the object color appearance model and how to achieve the multi-object tracking under occlusions.

상호작용하는 현대 공간 개념의 연구- 인지과학론을 중심으로 -

김정곤,고귀한 한국문화공간건축학회 2014 한국문화공간건축학회논문집 Vol.- No.48

With the spread of technology development and digital media media, new social order is seen, this is the space environment of the recipient center to induce the active participation of the dissemination of spatial configuration concept was unilaterally a uniform of the past it would be fair to say that to have a change. In the past, in order to represent the interaction of the space, the limits of the indicated technical limitations and space, the fusion of change and technology paradigm space, the interaction of the space, more diverse it is displayed on the active surface, in particular through the elements that can interact is extended it is displayed in a space, shows a tendency to be further maximized, the flow of the time different spatial concepts, it is as in the figure above. One of the features that appear in modern architecture space, change and traditional space concept New Media era of design environment together with changes in, with the introduction of digital technology, the participation of human beings and space to react to two-way I have spatially varying. In addition, human and space, by presenting the environment that transcends the existing physical and temporal limits and suggests that that you have developed into important concepts of modern society that emphasizes the relationship of information and time, and space humans I shows the possibility that interact with each other. The center of the interaction region of the space is human, mutual sympathetic human and space, space and space can be understood in human concept space.

루이스 칸의 주택 작품에 대한 공간구문적 분석 연구

이기석 한국공간디자인학회 2020 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.15 No.4

(연구배경 및 목적) 주거건축은 모든 건축의 출발점이며, 근대 거장 건축가들은 주거작품을 통해서 그들의 건축적 사고와 설계 개념을 발전시켰다. 근대 거장 건축가들의 주거건축을 이해하는 것은 그들의 건축 철학을 빠르게 파악하는 방법이 될 수 있다. 이러한 배경 하에 본 연구는 루이스 칸(Louis I. Kahn)의 주거건축을 중심으로 평면적 공간구성에 대하여 정량적인 공간분석을 시도하고자 한다. 루이스 칸의 대표적인 공간 개념인 ‘봉사 받는 공간(Served Space)’과 ‘봉사하는 공간(Servant Space)’사이의 관계성을 정량적으로 분석해 내고, 그가 설계한 1940년대에서 1970년대까지의 주택작품을 분석하여 주거건축의 공간구성 개념의 시기적인 변화 추이를 밝혀내는 데에 본 연구의 목적이 있다. (연구방법) 본 연구는 1940년대-1970년대 사이에 설계되거나 완공 된 루이스 칸의 11개 주택작품을 분석대상으로 한다. 정량적이고 구체적인 평가를 위해 공간구문론(Space Syntax)의 ‘연결도’, ‘통제도’, ‘통합도’ 및 ‘명료도’ 네 가지 변수값을 기준으로 분석한다. (결과) 연결도와 통제도 평균값의 경우는 ‘봉사 받는 공간’과 ‘봉사 하는 공간’사이에 차이가 많이 나타나고 있다. 통합도 평균값의 경우는 ‘봉사 받는 공간’과 ‘봉사 하는 공간’사이에 미미한 차이를 보이고 있다. 이는 루이스 칸은 ‘봉사 받는 공간’과 ‘봉사 하는 공간’으로 공간을 명확하게 구분하여 설계를 하였는데, 연결도와 통제도 값의 변화를 통해 ‘봉사 받는 공간’과 ‘봉사 하는 공간’을 서로 구분하고 있으며, 접근성과 관계되는 변수인 통제도 값은 ‘봉사 받는 공간’과 ‘봉사 하는 공간’ 사이에 큰 차이가 없도록 설계 한 것으로 분석할 수 있다. (결론) 루이스 칸의 주택 작품들은 시대별로 다양한 기하학적 형태의 조합으로 변화되어 왔으나 ‘봉사 하는 공간’과 ‘봉사 받는 공간’개념은 일관되게 서로의 공간을 명확하게 구분 짓는 방향으로 설계되었음을 알 수 있다. ‘봉사 받는 공간’중 가장 대표적인 공간인 ‘거실’과 ‘주침실’의 통합도 값을 분석해 보면 ‘거실’의 경우는 전체적인 통합도 평균값보다 대체적으로 높은 값을 보여‘거실’의 접근성을 높이는 방향으로 설계 한 것으로 보인다. ‘주침실’의 경우는 전체적인 통합도 평균값보다 낮게 계획하여 주침실의 접근성은 낮게 의도하고, 프라이버시에 대한 고려에 중점을 두어 설계된 작품이 대부분이었다. 그러나, 1950년대 후반, 1960년~70년대 주택작품들은 ‘주침실’의 프라이버시 보다는 접근성을 향상시키는 쪽에 더 중점을 두어 설계 된 것으로 분석되었다. 일반적으로 ‘부엌’ 공간의 통합도 평균값은 거실과 주침실의 중간정도의 값을 보일 것으로 예상되지만, 칸의 주택에서는 세 개의 공간들 중 부엌이 가장 낮은 통합도 값을 보여 최근 주택 평면도에서 나타나는 LDK형식의 평면구성과는 많은 차이를 보이고 있다. (Background and Purpose) Residential architecture is the starting point of all the architectures and the master architects in the modern times had developed their ideas on the architectures and design concepts by the residential works. Understanding of residential architectures of the master architects in the modern times can be a way to identify their architectural philosophies rapidly. Based on this background, this study tries to analyze the quantitative space on the two-dimensional space focusing on Louis I. Kahn’s residential architectures. The objective of this study is to reveal the trends of changes by the times on the concepts of spatial organization in his residential architectures upon analyzing the relationship quantitatively between ‘Served Space’ and ‘Servant Space’ which are his representative space concepts and the architectural works from 1940s to 1970s that he designed. (Method) The subjects of this study were Louis Kahn’s 11 residential works designed or completed between 1940s and 1970s. To evaluate them quantitatively in detail, they were analyzed with four variables including ‘Connectivity,’ Control Value,’ ‘Integration,’ and ‘Intelligibility’ of Space Syntax. Significant mean differences of connectivity and control value was found between ‘Served Space’ and ‘Servant Space.’ With respect to the mean values of integration, few differences were found between ‘Served Space’ and ‘Servant Space.’ (Results) Louise Kahn designed the space clearly separated by ‘Served Space’ and ‘Servant Space’ through the changes of connectivity and control value. Control value which is a variable related to connectivity can be interpreted that was designed without significant differences between ‘Served Space’ and ‘Servant Space.’ Louise Kahn’s architectures had been changed as the combination of multiple geometric types by the times, however, the concepts of ‘Served Space’ and ‘Servant Space’ were designed consistently to separate the spaces clearly. (Conclusions) Upon the analysis of integration values of living room and main bedroom that are the most representative space among ‘Served Spaces,’ integration value of living room showed higher than the overall mean value, which seemed to be designed to raise the connectivity of living room. Main bedrooms were designed for lower connectivity than overall mean value and most of the architectural works were intended to lower connectivity and to empathize the privacy. However, it is analyzed that the architectural works in late 1950s and 1960 – 1970s focused more on improving connectivity rather than considering privacy for main bedrooms. Although the mean value of integration of kitchen space is generally anticipated to show the value in between those of living room and main bedroom, the lowest integration value was shown in the kitchen among three spaces in Kahn’s architectures, which is significantly different from the two-dimensional space organization with LDK type recently appeared in the drawings of the recent houses.

유비쿼터스 공간 및 스마트 서비스 시나리오 디자인에 관한 연구

김철 한양대학교 2011 韓國 生活 科學 硏究 Vol.31 No.2

Advances in ubiquitous computing technologies transformed the paradigm of information interactions from P2P(person to person), or P2M(person to machine) into M2M(machine to machine), which is from human-centered to machine-centered. The target of information technology has been expanded to all surrounding objects, and the object itself is able to make decisions and reason about the information. The function of space is not static anymore; it is not decided by the designer or by its physical configuration. A new space concept is emerging so the function of space is dynamically reconfigured by combining various IT services. The paper conceptualizes an intelligent space which can be dynamically reconfigured by combining ubiquitous computing technology with architectural space. Survey have been conducted upon the existing projects, and we extracted a model of intelligent space service. By applying the model into a sample scenario, a prototypical model of the intelligent space service scenario is presented.

일반논문 : 라이프니츠의 상대적 공간에 대한 이중적 고찰

이현주 ( Hyun Ju Lee ) 서울시립대학교 도시인문학연구소 2013 도시인문학연구 Vol.5 No.1

라이프니츠의 ``상대적 공간``이란 개념은 현대의 포스트모더니즘 철학을 비롯하여 공간 개념에 주목하고 있는 철학이나 지리학적 공간, 사회학 이론 혹은 사이버 공간에 관한 여러 논의들에 기초적 토대를 제공한다. 공간에 대한 라이프니츠의 개념은 두 가지 세계에서 설명될 수 있다. 하나는 예지계에서의 공간이고 다른 하나는 현상계에서의 공간이다. 이런 라이프니츠의 두 공간이 현대에 와서는 사회적이고, 정치적이고, 경제적인 공간 논의에서, 현상계에 대응하는 절대적 공간 개념과 예지계에 대응하는 상대적 공간 개념이 개념적으로 혼재되어 논쟁하는 것을 마주하게 된다. 그리고 특히 라이프니츠로 비롯하는 상대적 공간은, 공간과 물체와의 관계뿐만 아니라, 공간과 인간으로 그 영역을 넓혀 나간다. 더 나아가 상대적 공간은 사회 이론을 오가면서, 상대적인 것에 구성적인 것을 더하여 전유되고 확대되는 양상으로 나타나기도 한다. 따라서 이 글은 라이프니츠의 형이상학에 존재하는 두 가지 세계에서 공간의 의미를 논의한다. 그리고 예지계를 통하여 현상계에서 설명되는 ``공간``의 의미와 예지계와 현상계 사이에서 공간이 연관되는 방식이 어떤 형태로 이루어지는지도 살펴보겠다. Leibniz \relative space` concept provides the basic foundation for several areas that study space such as post-modernism philosophy, the philosophy of space, the geography, sociological theories and discussions about cyberspace. This concept can be used to understand relations between Leibniz` two worlds, that is, the intelligible world and the phenomenal world. These Leibniz` two spaces face with arguing by absolute space concept corresponding to the phenomenal world and relative space concept corresponding to the intelligible world conceptual mixed, in the social, political and economic space discussion in the contemporary. And particularly the relative space by Leibniz widens its area to not only the relationship between the space and the material, but the space and the human. Furthermore, the relative space, going and coming to social theories, appears as a mode that is possessed and extended by adding constitutive things to relativistic things. In this article, I will discuss the meaning of space found in each world, I will explicate the meanings of ``space`` applied to the phenomenal world in terms of certain features of the intelligible world. I will also examine how space in the phenomenal world and space in the intelligible world is related to each other.

항공우주 기술과 우주 윤리

김정형 한신대학교 신학사상연구소 2024 신학사상 Vol.0 No.207

우주항공청의 출범과 함께 우주 시대의 개막 및 우주 참여에 대한 국민적 관심이 높아가는 이때, 연구자는 우주 윤리에 대한 주의를 환기함으로써 국내 우주 담론의 건전한 확대에 공헌하고자 한다. 이 글에서 연구자는 우주 윤리를 지구 밖 우주에서 이루어지는 인간 활동 및 그 영향의 옳고 그름에 관한 규범을 다루는 응용 윤리의 한 분야로 정의한다. 이러한 맥락에서 연구자는 인간이 우주선을 타고 지구 밖에 나가서 수행하는 활동뿐 아니라 지구상의 인간 활동이 지구 밖 우주에 미치는 영향을 우주 윤리 담론 안에 포함한다. 구체적으로 연구자는 인간이 지구 밖에서 만나는 우주의 다양한 모습에 따라 우주 윤리의 구체적인 이슈들을 크게 네 가지 범주로 구분해서 소개한다. 여기서 네 범주는 1) 지구 대기권을 벗어나면서 가장 먼저 맞닥뜨리게 되는 지구 궤도의 우주 공간(outer space), 2) 달이나 화성 등 다른 천체(other earths), 3) 지구 밖 우주에 생존할 수도 있는 미생물(extraterrestrial microbial life: ETL, 외계 생명체), 4) 지구 밖에 거주하는 지적 생명체(extraterrestrial intelligent life: ETI, 외계 지적 생명체 혹은 소위 ‘외계인’)와 각각 관련한다. 이어서 연구자는 우주 윤리에 접근하는 세 가지 대표적인 관점으로 인간 중심 우주 윤리, 생태 중심 우주 윤리, 내재적 가치 긍정 우주 윤리 등을 비판적으로 분석한다. 결론적으로, 연구자는 우주 시대 인류가 마주할 다양한 윤리적 문제 앞에서 당장 눈에 보이는 경제적 이익에만 초점을 맞추지 말고 항공우주 기술의 발전이 가져올 인류 문명의 거대한 변화를 포괄적으로 조망하는 안목을 길러야 한다고 제안한다. 나아가 연구자는 인류의 우주 활동이 인류를 배출한 우주의 운명에도 변화를 가져올 수 있다는 사실을 자각하고, 인류의 미래뿐 아니라 우주의 바람직한 미래에 관해서 진지하게 숙고할 필요가 있다고 권면한다. With the establishment of the Korea Aerospace Administration in May 2024, there has been a growing interest among Korean citizens in the emerging space age and the future of space exploration. In this context, this article aims to contribute to the current domestic discourse on space by foregrounding the importance of space ethics. Space ethics is defined here as a branch of applied ethics concerned with the norms governing the rightness or wrongness of human activities and their impacts in outer space. It encompasses not only the ethical considerations surrounding human endeavors beyond Earth, such as those undertaken in spacecraft, but also the effects of terrestrial activities on outer space and the reciprocal impacts of outer space on Earth. The specific issues within space ethics can be categorized into four distinct areas, each corresponding to different aspects of the extraterrestrial environment that humans encounter. These categories include: 1) the space within Earth’s orbit, the first region we encounter beyond the Earth’s atmosphere; 2) other celestial bodies, such as the Moon and Mars; 3) potential extraterrestrial microbial life that may exist in outer space; and 4) extraterrestrial intelligent life, or so-called “aliens.” Then, this article critically examines three prominent perspectives in addressing space ethics: anthropocentric, ecocentric, and intrinsic value affirming approaches. In conclusion, I argue that, in light of the various ethical challenges that humanity will face in the impending space age, it is imperative to anticipate and prepare for the wide-ranging transformations in human civilization that advancements in aerospace technology will bring. This preparation should extend beyond a narrow focus on economic and geopolitical benefits. Moreover, I contend that we must recognize that our activities in space have the potential to alter the fate of the universe that gave rise to us, and that we must seriously consider not only the future of humanity but also the desirable future of the universe itself.

Algorithm Evaluation Support Tools for Intelligent Space

Shaohua Zheng,Takeshi Sasaki,Hideki Hashimoto 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8

Intelligent Space is an environment in which a variety of sensors are distributed and installed. In this paper, the three tools to simulate Intelligent Space system, Environment Designer, Sensor Arranger and Simulation Runner are explained. They operate to make our simulator a powerful simulation platform for research and many other aims in Intelligent Space. In addition to simulation of the operation of Intelligent Space including information processing and mobile robot control, sensor arrangement is one of the main objectives of our platform. Beside of manual operation, amateur users are looking forward to more automatic functions. Because the arrangement of laser range finder is an important theme for Intelligent Space research, automatic laser range finder arrangement mode is proposed.

마비말장애 화자의 포먼트 전이와 모음공간에 대한 음향학적 특성

남현욱(Hyun Wook Nam),박희준(Hee June Park) 한국언어치료학회 2021 언어치료연구 Vol.30 No.1

Purpose : Vowel space is useful as an objective acoustic evaluation for the analysis of speech intelligibility of dysarthric speakers. However, vowel space has the disadvantage of low clinical usefulness because it is a hand-corrected measurement method that the user must calculate using a specific formula. The purpose of this study is to determine the correlation between vowel space and the usefulness of measuring speech intelligibility of spastic dysarthria through formant transition, an automated measurement method. Methods : Vowel space and formant transition parameters were measured in spastic dysarthria (n=15) and control group (n=15). For vowel space, /a/, /i/, and /u/ were recorded to analyze VAI, FCR, and F2<SUB>/iu/</SUB> ratio. Formant transition was rapidly repeated /iu/ to analyze F2magn, F2rate, and F2reg. Results : In the analysis of vowel space, the VAI was lower, the FCR was higher, and the F2/iu/ ratio was significantly lower (p<.05) than in the control group. In the analysis of formant transition, F2magn, F2rate, and F2reg were significantly lower in paralysis compared to the control group (p<.05). As a result of performing correlation analysis between vowel space and formant transition, there was a high correlation (r>.8). It was found that the formant transition, F2magn, F2rate, and F2reg, were highly correlated with VAI and FCR, and tongue movement was reduced due to the centralization of vowels, resulting in poor speech intelligibility. Conclusions : Using objective data of vowel space and formant transition parameters, the speech intelligibility of spastic dysarthria could be objectively measured. In addition, formant transition using an automated program has been confirmed to have a high correlation with vowel space, and is expected to be useful in clinical practice.