영아대상 방임의 실태 및 발생요인에 관한 연구

장화정 ( Hwa Jung Jang ),윤은영 ( Eun Young Yoon ),박은혜 ( Eun Hye Park ) 대한아동복지학회 2013 아동복지연구 Vol.11 No.3

To organize preventive measures for infant neglect, this research compared neglect with other types of child abuse, and analysed the various causes of infant neglect in case studies of infant abuse that were collected in 2011 by the child protective agencies in South Korea. It was found that infant neglect was a common occurrence in households. The number of male infants neglected was higher than that of female infants, with infants younger than one year old the most neglected, followed by infants younger than two years old. There appeared to be no distinguishing characteristics for the victimized infants. Next, the number of male perpetrators was higher than that of female perpetrators, and most of the perpetrators of infant neglect were mostly likely to be aged between twenty and thirty years old. In addition, the greater per cent of perpetrators were unemployed and earned less than $1,500 a month. An examination of some causes of infant neglect indicated that the income and characteristics of the perpetrators were significant factors -the perpetrators with economic difficulties were more likely to neglect their infants. As for some factors of the victimized infants, age, family types, and relationship with the perpetrators affected whether neglect would occur or not. The younger the infants were, the higher the chances of them to be neglected. Also, infant neglect occurred more frequently in single-parent households. There was a higher possibility for infants to be neglected by their biological parents. According to the results, intervention by the government and local communities would be strongly advised in cases involving high-risk families. Furthermore, considering that the victimized infants were not likely to be detected by others, the construction of an early detection system for infant neglect as a joint initiative between child protective agencies and Dreamstart should be encouraged.

영유아교사의 동물태도와 영유아동물보호교육 필요성 인식 및 교사교육 요구

강정원,이경진 중앙대학교 한국교육문제연구소 2023 한국교육문제연구 Vol.41 No.1

The purpose of this study is to examine the tendency of infant teachers' attitude toward animals and to analyze the effect of teachers' attitude on teacher education demands through the recognition of the necessity for animal protection education for infants. The data was collected by conducting a survey on 220 infant teachers working in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. As a result of the study, first, the animal attitude of infant teachers was different according to their values of the relationship between humans and animals. Second, there was a positive correlation between the recognition of the necessity of infant animal protection education and the demand for teacher education. A relatively low positive correlation was observed between the animal attitude of infant teachers, the necessity of infant animal protection education, and demand for teacher education. Third, it was found that the animal attitude of infant teachers influenced the demand for teacher education by partially mediating the recognition of the necessity of infant animal protection education. This study suggests that pre-service teacher education and in-service education are required to improve the animal attitude of infant teachers and to search measures for infant animal protection education. 본 연구는 영유아교사의 동물에 대한 태도의 경향을 살펴보고, 교사의 동물 태도가 영유아 대상 동물보호교육에 대한 필요성 인식을 매개로 하여 교사교육 요구에 미치는 영향을 분석함으로써 영유아동물보호교육 방안을 제시하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 서울 경기 지역에 근무하고 있는 영유아교사 220명에게 설문 조사하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 첫째, 영유아교사의 동물태도는 인간과 동물의 관계에 대한 가치관에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 둘째, 영유아동물보호교육 필요성 인식과 교사교육 요구 사이에 정적 상관관계가 나타났으며 영유아교사의 동물태도와 영유아동물보호교육 필요성 인식, 교사교육 요구 간에 낮은 정적 상관관계가 나타났다. 셋째, 영유아교사의 동물태도는 영유아동물보호교육의 필요성 인식을 부분매개로 하여 교사교육 요구에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 영유아교사의 동물태도 개선과 영유아동물보호교육의 방안 모색을 위한 예비교사교육과 현직교육이 요구됨을 시사한다.

18~24개월 자녀를 둔 어머니의 영아에 대한 신념 및 신념에 따른 양육 실제

안예슬(Ye Seul Ahn),김교령(Kyo Ryoung Kim),이승연(Seung Yeon Lee) 한국보육지원학회 2021 한국보육지원학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Objective: This study aimed to understand mothers’ beliefs about infants and their practices. Methods: As a qualitative study, the participants were 11 mothers and their 18-24 month old infants. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and observations. Results: The participants’ maternal beliefs about infants were contrasted in terms of infants’ abilities and respect for infants. First, the mothers that perceived infants as competent beings, believed that infants can understand daily routine, communicate and empathize, and concentrate. On the contrary, the mothers that perceived infants as incapable beings, believed that infants lack the understanding of daily routine and the abilities of communication, empathy, and concentration. Second, the mothers that perceived infants as subjective beings, respected their infants, and their infants’ opinions when making decisions. On the other hand, the mothers that perceived infants as objective beings, believed that infants should be led by adults and their opinions as not being very important. Third, their maternal beliefs were closely connected to their practices. Conclusion/Implications: Since maternal beliefs about infants turn out to be significant in mothers’ thoughts and practices with their infants, it is necessary to figure out maternal beliefs about infants and support them to have more positive beliefs.

영아교사의 성인애착과 교사효능감 및 민감성이 영아발달에 미치는 영향

김기철,이선채 한국보육학회 2016 한국보육학회지 Vol.16 No.4

The objective of this study is to find out the relations among infant teacher’s adult attachment, efficacy, and sensitivity, and their effects. The study was conducted with infants aged 0, 1, and 2 and their 287 teachers of 87 day care centers in I city and J city, Jeollabukdo. The results of the study are as follows. First, infant teacher’s adult attachment had a negative correlation with infant development. According to types of adult attachment, anxiety attachment and avoidance attachment had negative correlations with infants’ communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem-solving, and individual sociality. Second, infant teacher’s efficacy had a positive correlation with infant development. According to types of efficacy, interaction with infants, teaching, and caring had positive correlations with infant development. Third, infant teacher’s sensibility had a negative correlation with infant development. According to types of sensibility, positive sensibility had positive correlations with infants’ communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem-solving, and individual sociality, while negative sensibility had negative correlations with infants’ gross motor, fine motor, and problem-solving. Fourth, according to the results of the study, interaction with infants was the most influential variable. According to types of infant development, it was found that interaction with infants was the most influential variable in communication, anxiety attachment was the most influential variable in gross motor and problem-solving, and teaching was the most influential variable in fine motor and individual sociality. The study can be very suggestive in that it found out the relations of infant teacher’s adult attachment, efficacy, and sensibility with infant development, and presented very effective and valuable information in improving infant development by finding out the factors affecting infant development. 본 연구는 영아교사의 성인애착, 교사효능감, 민감성과 영아발달의 관계 및 영향력을 알아보는 데 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 전북 I시, J시에 소재한 어린이집 87곳에 재원중인 만 0, 1, 2세 영아와 영아교사 287명이다. 연구결과 첫째, 영아교사 성인애착과 영아발달은 부적 상관관계가 나타났다. 성인애착의 유형별로 살펴보면, 불안애착과 회피애착은 영아의 의사소통, 대근육운동, 소근육운동, 문제해결, 개인-사회성과 부적 상관관계를 보였다. 둘째, 영아교사 교사효능감과 영아발달은 정적 상관관계를 보였다. 교사효능감의 유형별로 살펴보면, 영아와의 상호작용, 교수, 돌봄과 영아발달은 정적 상관관계가 나타났다. 셋째, 영아교사의 민감성과 영아발달은 부적 상관관계가 나타났다. 민감성의 유형별로 살펴보면, 긍정민감성은 영아의 의사소통, 대근육운동, 소근육운동, 문제해결, 개인-사회성과 정적 상관관계를, 부정민감성은 영아의 대근육운동, 소근육운동, 문제해결에서만 부적 상관관계를 보였다. 넷째, 영아발달에 대한 영아교사의 성인애착, 교사효능감, 민감성의 영향력을 살펴본 결과, 영아와의 상호작용이 가장 큰 영향력이 있는 변인이었다. 영아발달의 유형별로 살펴보면, 의사소통은 영아와의 상호작용이, 대근육운동과 문제해결은 불안애착이, 소근육운동과 개인-사회성은 교수가 가장 큰 영향력이 있는 변인이었다. 본 연구는 영아발달을 위한 영아교사의 성인애착, 교사효능감, 민감성의 관계를 알아보고, 영아발달에 영향을 주는 요인을 알아보아 영아발달을 증진시키는 데 있어 효과적이며 가치 있는 정보를 제시하였다는 점에서 그 시사하는 바가 크다.

Association of infant feeding practices in the general population with infant growth and stool characteristics

Han, Young-Shin,Chang, Eun-Young,Kim, Ji-Hyun,Ahn, Kang-Mo,Kim, Hye-Young,Hwang, Eun-Mi,Lowry, Dianne,Prosser, Colin,Lee, Sang-Il The Korean Nutrition Society 2011 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol. No.

This was a prospective cohort study of 976 infants from birth to 12 months of age. Infants were fed breast milk, goat infant formula, cow infant formula, or a combination of formula and breast milk during the first 4 months of age. Data on type of milk feeding and infant growth (weight and height) were collected at birth and at 4, 8, and 12 months during routine clinical assessment. The number and consistency of bowel motions per day were recorded based on observational data supplied by the mothers. Infants fed breast milk or goat or cow infant formula during the first 4 months displayed similar growth outcomes. More of the infants fed cow infant formula had fewer and more well-formed bowel motions compared with breast-fed infants. The stool characteristics of infants fed goat formula resembled those of infants fed breast milk.

영아의 사회ㆍ정서적 행동이 영아-교사 관계 및 영아의 또래 상호작용에 미치는 영향

김은아,최인숙,박유미 한국교원대학교 교육연구원 2009 敎員敎育 Vol.25 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of infant-teacher relation and infant's peer interaction infant's in socio-emotional behaviors. The participants of were 339 toddler and infant(12~36month) and 55 teacher in D city. The collected data were analyzed by Pearson's r and multiple regression using the SPSS/PC Computer Program. The major results of this study were as follow : First, there were significant positive relationship between positive behaviors in infant's socio-emotional behaviors and intimacy in infant-teacher relation . But there were positive relation between negative behaviors and conflict and dependence. And positive behaviors was influenced by intimacy and dependence, and externalizing problem behaviors and internalizing problem behaviors predicted conflict and intimacy. Second, there were significant positive relationship between positive in infant's socio-emotional behaviors and express, comply in infant's peer interaction. And positive behaviors were influenced by express and comply, and externalizing problem behaviors and internalizing problem behaviors predicted disrupt and comply. In conclusion, the result of this study confirmed that infant' socio-emotional behaviors are important factor in predicting infant-teacher relationship and infant's peer interaction. 본 연구는 영아(12개월~36개월)의 사회․정서적 행동이 영아-교사와의 관계 및 영아의 또래상호작용에 미치는 영향을 분석해 보고자 하였다. D광역시 어린이집 21곳의 종일제 보육시설에 다니는 12개월~ 36개월의 영아 339명과 그들을 담당하는 보육교사 55명을 대상으로 질문지를 배부하였으며, 수집된 자료는 SPSS 11.0 통계 프로그램을 사용하여 상관계수와 중다회귀 분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 영아의 사회․정서적 행동 중 긍정적 행동은 영아-교사관계 중 친밀관계와는 정적 상관이 나타났으나 갈등 및 의존 관계에서는 부적 상관을 보였다. 부정적 행동은 친밀관계에서는 부적 상관을 나타났으나, 갈등 및 의존 관계에서는 정적 상관을 나타내었다. 친밀관계에서는 긍정적 행동과 내현적 부정적 행동에서, 갈등관계에서는 외현적 부정적 행동과 내현적 부정적 행동에서 의존관계에서는 내현적 부정적 행동과 외현적 부정적 행동에서 통계적으로 의의있는 설명력을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 영아의 사회․정서적 행동과 영아 또래상호작용과의 관계 역시 긍정적 행동과 표현적, 순응적 행동은 정적관계, 방해적 행동에서는 부적 관계가 나타났다. 부정적 행동에서는 표현적, 순응적 행동에서는 부적 상관을 방해적 행동에서는 정적 상관이 나타났다. 표현적 행동에서는 긍정적 행동과 내현적 부정적 행동, 외현적 부정적 행동에서, 순응적 행동에 긍정적 행동과 외현적 부정적 행동에서 방해적 행동에서는 외현적 부정적 행동에서만 통계적으로 의의있는 설명력을 갖는 것으로 나타났다.

The Effects of Infant Massage on Weight, Height, and Mother-Infant Interaction

Lee, Hae-Kyung Korean Society of Nursing Science 2006 Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Vol.36 No.8

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to test the effects of infant massage (auditory (mother's voice), tactile/ kinesthetic (massage) and visual (eye to eye contact) stimulation) on weight and height of infant and mother-infant interaction with normal infants over a period of 4 weeks. Method. This study was designed as a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The experimental group infants (aged 2-6 months) participated in one of the infant massage programs at the health district center for 4 weeks. The control group (N=26) was paired with the experimental group (N=26) by matching the infant's age and sex. Infant weight, height, and mother-infant interaction were measured two times and recordings of the mother-infant interaction were done using the video equipment in a room at the health center for 10 minutes. Results. After 4 weeks of massage, there were no significant differences weight gain and height increase between the two groups. Comparison of the total scores for the mother-infant interaction between the two groups showed a significant difference (t=5.21, p=.000). There were also significant differences on maternal response (t=3.78, p=000), infant response (t=5.71, p=000) and dyadic response (t=4.05, p=000) in the mother-infant interaction between the two groups. Conclusion. Overall, the results of this study reassure that infant massage facilitates the mother-infant interaction for infants and mothers who give massage to their baby.

영아교사의 민감성에 대한 개념적 고찰

이선희,이승연 한국교원교육학회 2019 한국교원교육연구 Vol.36 No.3

The purpose of this study was to analyze the concept of infant teachers’ sensitivity systematically based on domestic studies on infant teachers’ sensitivity. The subjects of this study were 32 articles focusing on infant teachers’ sensitivity published in Korean journals from 2006 to 2018, and Rodgers’ (2000) method of evolutionary concept analysis was used to analyze them. The evolutionary concept analysis on infant teachers’ sensitivity was based on attributes, antecedents, consequences, and affecting factors, and the results of this study were as follows. First, two major attributes of infant teachers’ sensitivity were identified: cyclic process of signaling and responding, and infant teachers’ emotional expressions and professional responsive behaviors. Second, the antecedents for infant teachers’ sensitivity were infant teachers’ emotional stability and infants’ needs and cues. Third, the consequences of infant teachers’ sensitivity were promoting infants’ development and facilitating teachers’ professional development. Fourth, the positive affecting factors to their sensitivity were infant teachers’ self-efficacy, job satisfaction, feeling of happiness, childhood experience, knowledge of infant development, professionalism, organizational culture, director’s emotional leadership, and infants’ age, while the negative affecting factors to their sensitivity were psychological burnout and stress from interpersonal relationships. These results imply the necessity of considering infants’ signaling and teachers’ responding together in future research on sensitivity since the concept of infant teachers’ sensitivity includes the cyclic process between infants and their teachers. 본 연구는 영아교사의 민감성에 대한 국내연구들을 대상으로 민감성의 개념을 종합적으로 분석하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 2006년부터 2018년까지 국내 학술지에 발표된 영아교사의 민감성 관련 논문 총 32편을 대상으로, Rodgers(2000)의 진화론적 방법에 기초한 개념적 구조 분석방법을 활용하여 분석하였다. 민감성의 개념적 구조 분석을 위해 민감성의 속성, 선행요인, 결과, 영향요인으로 나누어 살펴본 연구 결과는 첫째, 민감성의 속성은 ‘신호와 반응의 순환과정’, ‘교사의 정서적 표현과 전문적 반응행동’으로 나타났다. 둘째, 민감성의 선행요인은 ‘교사의 정서 안정성’과 ‘영아의 요구와 신호’로 나타났다. 셋째, 영아교사 민감성의 결과는 영아에게는 ‘영아의 발달’을 촉진시키며, 교사에게는 ‘전문성 발달’을 가능하게 하는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 영아교사의 민감성에 영향을 미치는 긍정적 요인은 교사의 효능감, 직무만족도, 행복감, 아동기 경험, 영아 발달지식, 전문성, 조직문화, 원장의 감성리더십, 영아의 연령으로 나타났으며, 부정적 요인은 심리적 소진, 대인관계 스트레스로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 민감성이 영아와 교사의 순환적인 신호와 반응을 포함하는 개념으로써 향후 민감성 관련연구에서 영아와 교사의 신호와 반응 과정을 함께 살펴보아야 함을 시사한다.

만 1세 영아를 위한 보육의 구조와 과정 분석

민해정(Min, Hae Jung),나종혜(Rha, Jong Hay) 한국생활과학회 2010 한국생활과학회지 Vol.19 No.1

The purpose of the study was to examine the actual conditions of caregiver-infant ratios, group-room activity areas, evaluations of infant programs and caregiver-infant interactions based on structural and process indicators which are major factors of infant care. The subjects were 20 caregivers and 91 infants from 14 infant classes of 13 day care centers in Daejeon. An actual survey was conducted on caregiver-infant ratios and group-room activity areas, and teaching-learning plans for infants and daily schedules were gathered for the evaluation of infant programs. The caregiver-infant interactions were observed every one minute for a total of 20 minutes using Lee Wan Jeong’s “Evaluation Measure of Caregiver-infant Interactions”( 1999). The results of this study were as follows: First, caregiver-infant ratios ranged from 2.5 to 7 infants per caregiver, resulting in the difference of the number of infants. Second, the 14 classes for one-year-old infants were arranged in three different ways; 5 classrooms with distinctive activity areas, 2 without any divided areas and 7 containing a mix of partial activity areas. Third, in teaching-learning plans for infants, there were a large number of topics related to seasonal features and experiences while the fewest were about basic life habits. Fourth, in the caregiver-infant interactions, caregivers used more positive interactions and linguistic modeling than sensitive responses to infants and social interactions.

유아의 체형 유형화에 관한 연구 -만 3~5세 유아를 중심으로-

김윤희,이진희 한국디자인문화학회 2020 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.26 No.2

Infant garments for a good fit need to design according to body characteristic of infants because infant garments make the using the adult garments. Infant garments have to make reflective each difference of male and female infants. Therefore, this study intends to provide the basic data to make bodies pattern using the recent measurement data of infants Studying targets were three to five years old infants. Direct measuring systems were used to 426 infants for applying recent body measures in order to produce bodies pattern of infant garments. The results were as follows: Firstly, 3 to 5 years old infants were classified into male and female in order to find out body characters using the 50 measurement items. In the study of male infants body type, 7 factors were found as a result of factor analysis. Explanation occupied 79.2% of the total factors which point out a body’s horizontal and vertical sizes, shoulder shapes, belly and hip shapes, head size and thickness and chest shapes. Body types were classified 4 types according to the cluster analysis. Type 1 was a body who is tall and has drooping shoulders and round waist, chest and hip. Type 2 was a body who has the largest width and circumference, soaring shoulders, thick chest and flat waist and hip. Type 3 was a body who is shortest and thinnest. Type 4 was a body who is tall and has long lower body and developed and muscled chest. Secondly, In the study of female infants body type, 6 factors were found as a result of factor analysis. Explanation occupied 71.77% of the total factors which point out a body’s horizontal and vertical sizes, circular deformation rate, shoulder shapes, head size and circumference. Body types were classified 4 types according to the cluster analysis. Type 1 was a body who has the shortest and smallest horizontal and vertical sizes. Type 2 was a body who has drooping shoulders and long lower body compared with body height. Type 3 was a body who is tall and has long upper body and drooping shoulders. Type 4 was a body who is tall and has long lower body and drooping body. Thirdly, avatars each 4 types for male and female infants were made by MakeHuman 1.1.0, the average value for infants to evaluate virtual garment systems. This paper results will be use to make a good fit infant garment pattern and provide a basic data for infant apparel industry 유아복은 기성복에 대한 의존도가 높기 때문에 맞음새가 좋은 유아복의 설계를 위해서는 유아의 신체적 특성을 고려한 의복 설계가 요구된다. 따라서 기존의 패턴을 수정⋅보완하여 활용하는 것이 아닌 남아와 여아의 성장의 차이를 반영하여 제작되어야 할 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 남녀 유아의 최근 계측 자료를 이용한 체형 특성을 분석하여 유아복의 길 원형개발을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 한다. 유아복의길 원형 제작을 위한 최근의 신체 계측치 적용을 위해총 426명의 유아들에 대해 직접계측 방법을 이용하여계측하였으며 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 유아들의 체형 특성을 파악하기 위하여 계측항목 50개 항목을 사용하여 남아와 여아 각각에 대해분석한 결과 남아의 경우는 요인 분석 결과 7개의 요인이 추출되었고 설명력은 총 변량의 79.2%로 신체의수평 크기, 신체의 수직크기, 어깨 형태, 배와 엉덩이형태, 머리 너비, 머리 두께, 가슴 형태 요인으로 추출되었으며 체형 유형화를 위한 군집분석 결과 유형을4개로 분류하였다. 유형 1은 키가 크고 어깨가 처지고숙인 형태의 허리⋅가슴⋅엉덩이가 둥근 체형, 유형 2 는 너비⋅둘레가 가장 크고 어깨가 솟은 가슴이 두껍고 허리와 엉덩이가 납작한 체형, 유형 3은 가장 키가작고 마른 체형, 유형 4는 키가 크고 하체 길이가 길며 가슴이 발달하고 젖힌 체형으로 나타났다. 둘째, 여아의 경우는 요인 분석 결과 6개의 요인으로 추출되었으며 설명력은 총 변량의 71.77%로 신체의 수평 크기, 신체의 수직크기, 체간 편평률, 어깨 형태, 머리 길이, 머리 둘레 요인이 추출되었다. 체형 특성을 유형화하기 위한 군집분석 결과 4개의 유형으로분류되었으며 유형 1은 신체의 수평⋅수직크기가 가장 작고 왜소한 체형, 유형 2는 키에 비해 하체 길이가 길고 어깨가 솟은 둥근 체형, 유형 3은 키가 크고상체가 길며 어깨가 처지고 숙인 체형, 유형 4는 키가크고 하체가 길며 젖힌 체형 체형으로 나타났다. 셋째, 남아와 여아 각각에 대해 4개의 유형별로 계측치의 평균값을 이용하여 인체 모델링 프로그램인MakeHuman 1.1.0 프로그램을 통해 유아용 아바타를형성하였다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 유아복의 패턴 설계 시 맞음새가 좋은 의복을 생산하는 데 필요한 기초자료로 사용될 수 있길 기대한다.