Impaired Cortisol and Growth Hormone Counterregulatory Responses among Severe Hypoglycemic Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

유영아,장주영,박수연,안지현,김동림,김숙경,송기호 대한내분비학회 2019 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.34 No.2

Background: Elevated levels of cortisol and growth hormone are critical counterregulatory responses to severe hypoglycemia. However, the proportion and clinical characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) who fail to show appropriate cortisol and/or growth hormone secretion in response to severe hypoglycemia have not been investigated. Methods: We measured plasma cortisol and growth hormone levels in type 2 DM patients with severe hypoglycemia who visitedthe emergency department between 2006 and 2015. Results: Of 112 hypoglycemic patients, 23 (20.5%) had an impaired cortisol response (<18 μg/dL) and 82 patients (73.2%) had animpaired growth hormone response (<5 ng/mL). Nineteen patients (17.0%) had impaired responses to both cortisol and growth hormone. The patients with impaired responses of cortisol, growth hormone, and both hormones were significantly older and more likely to be female, and had higher admission rates, lower growth hormone levels, and lower adrenocorticotropic hormone levels thanthe patients with a normal hormonal response. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that an impaired growth hormoneresponse was significantly associated with advanced age, shorter DM duration, a higher admission rate, and a higher body mass index (BMI). An impaired cortisol response was significantly associated with growth hormone levels. Patients with an impairedgrowth hormone response had higher admission rates than patients with a normal response. Conclusion: A considerable number of type 2 DM patients had impaired cortisol and/or growth hormone responses to severe hypoglycemia. Advanced age, shorter DM duration, and higher BMI were independently associated with an abnormal growth hormoneresponse.

제2형 당뇨병 남성 환자에서 유리 테스토스테론과 성호르몬 결합 글로블린 농도

남기덕,김영설,박철영,오승준,김덕윤,우정택,김성운,양인명,김진우,최영길 대한당뇨병학회 2002 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.24 No.6

연구배경:인슐린저항성은 제2형 당뇨병과 심혈관질환의 주요한 위험 인자로 성호르몬과 상호 관계가 있다고 알려져 있다. 그러나 여성과는 달리 남성에서는 연령과 인슐린저항성에 따른 유리 테스토스테론과 성호르몬 결합 글로블린 농도의 변화에 대한 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 그러므로, 본 저자등은 제2형 당뇨병 남성 환자에서 정산인과 비교해서 유리 테스토스테론과 성호르몬 결합 글로블린 농도를 측정하고 연령에 따른 변화 정도를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법:대상 환자 모두에서 연령과 체질량지수, 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 공복혈당과 인슐린 농도를 측정하였다. 혈중 유리 테스토스테론 농도는 방사면역측정법(radioimmunoassay)을 이용해서 측정하였고, 혈중 성호르몬 결합글로불린은 면역방사계측측정법(immunoradiometric assay)을 이용해서 측정하였다(Diagnostic System Laoratories, Wbster, TX, USA). 결과:1)제2형 당뇨병 남성 환자에서 정상 대조군 남성에 비해 성호르몬 결합글로불린은 104.1±35.0 vs 25.7±3.5 mole×10??로 의미 있게 높았으나(p<0.001), 유리 테스토스테론은 13.7±9.5 vs 13.6±6.5 ng/dL로 차이가 없었다. 2)연령과 성호르몬 결합 글로블린 사이의 상관 계수는 제2형 당뇨병 남성 환자에서 0.40로 중등고의 양의 상관 관계를 보였고(p<0.001), 정상 대조군 남성에서 0.11로 유의한 상관 관계를 보이지 않았다. 연령과 유리 테스토스테론 사이의 상관 계수는 제2형 당뇨병 남성 환자에서 0.08, 정상 대조군 남성에서-0.17로 모두에서 유의한 상관 관계를 보이지 않았다. 3)연령과 체질량지수를 보정한 후에 제2형 당뇨병 남성 환자와 정상 대조군 남성에서 혈중 인슐린 농도, 유리 테스토스테론과 성호르몬 결합 글로블린 사이에는 상관 관계가 없었다. 결론:제2형 당뇨병 남성 환자에서 정상 남성에 비해 성호르몬 결합 글로블린 농도가 증가되어 있었으며, 유리 테스토스테론은 차이가 없었다. 연령이 증가함에 따라 성호르몬 결합 글로블린이 제2형 당뇨병 남성 환자에서 정상 남성에 비해 증가 폭이 의미있게 컸으며, 유리 테스토스테론은 변화가 없었다. Background: Insulin resistance is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. There are many previous studies indicating that insulin lowers serum sex hormone-binding globulin levels, and there is inverse correlation between insulin resistance and serum sex hormone-binding globulin levels in women. However, in men, a limited number of studies are available to explain the effect of sex hormone on age and insulin. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the relationship among free testosterone, hormone-binding globulin and age in type 2 diabetic men and control subjects. Method: Age, body mass index, total cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting blood sugar, and insulin concentrations were examined on 89 type 2 diabetic men and 47 control subjects. The free testosterone level was measured by commercially available double-antibody system (Radioimmunoassay). The sex hormone-binding globulin level was also measured by commercially available double-antibody system(Immunoradiometric assay). Results: 1) Sex hormone-binding globulin level was significantly increased in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, there was no significantly difference in free testosterone level between the two groups. 2) Sex hormone-binding globulin was positively correlated with age (r=0.4, p <0.001) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Sex hormone-binding globulin and free testosterone were not correlated with age in control sujects. 3) Free testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations were not significantly related to serum insulin concentration after adjusting for age and body mass index. Conclusions: We observed increased sex hormone-binding globulin concentration in diabetes man, and was a positively related to age. Further studies are needed to understand the relationships between age, insulin resistance, testosterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations(J Kor Diabetes Asso 24:699~707,2000).

운동선수의 월경곤란증이 월경주기에 따른 난소 및 스트레스호르몬 농도에 미치는 영향

권영우 ( Young Woo Kwon ),박승한 ( Seung Han Park ),류호상 ( Ho Sang Yoo ),이종삼 ( Jong Sam Lee ),양승환 ( Sung Hwan Yang ),오광진 ( Kwang Jin Oh ),김진해 ( Jin Hae Kim ),어수주 ( Su Ju Eo ),김진형 ( Jin Heung Kim ),권광선 ( Kwan 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2005 체육과학연구 Vol.16 No.4

이 연구는 운동선수의 월경곤란증이 생리주기(월경기, 분비기)에 따라 난소호르몬(estrogen, progesterone)과 스트레스호르몬 (cortisol, catecholamines에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위한 것이다. 실험대상자는 21명을 대상으로 월경곤란증의 선수군(n=7), 월경곤란증이 없는 선수군(n=7), 대조군으로 월경곤란증이 없는 일반인 (n=7)으로 구성하였다. 분석결과 난소호르몬의 경우 전체적으로 월경기에 비하여 분비기 높은 수치를 보였으며(p<.001), 집단에 따른 차이는 없었다. 스트레스 호르몬인 cortisol과 epinephrine은 생리주기와 집단에 따른 차이나 변화가 없었다. 그렇지만 norepinephrine의 경우 월경곤란증을 가진 선수군의 월경기 수치가 분비기 수치보다 유의하게 낮았으며, 월경곤란증이 없는 선수군의 월경기 수치보다 유의하게 낮았다(p<.05). 이상의 결과를 요약하면 난소호르몬은 집단에 따른 차이나 변화가 없었으나, 스트레스 호르몬인 norepinephrine의 경우 월경기의 수치가 낮게 나타났다. 보다 명확한 연구의 구명을 위해서는 운동중과 운동형태와 강도, 월경곤란증 정도에 따른 추가적인 연구가 요망된다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dysmenorrhea on the circulating concentration of ovarian hormone (estrogen, progesterone), cortisol and catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine) during menstrual cycle in athletes. Twelve one females participated in this investigation and composed of athletic group with- and without dysmenorrhea (n=7, respectively), without dysmenorrhea (n=7) and non-athletic control group without dysmenorrhea (n=7). Venous blood sample was obtained during menstrual- and secretory phase. Blood ovarian hormone concentration was significantly increased during secretory phase compared to menstrual phase in all group, but there were no differences among groups. Blood cortisol and epinephrine concentration did not show any change with menstrual cycle also there were no differences among groups. Blood norepinephrine concentration was significantly decreased during menstrual phase compared to secretory phase in athletic group with dysmenorrhea but athletic group without dysmenorrhea and control group did not show any significant change with menstrual cycle. Stress hormone did not show any significant change in all group during menstrual cycle except norepinephrine which revealed significant decrease in menstrual phase compared to secretory phase on athletic group with dysmenorrhea. In conclusion dysmenorrhea can not effect ovarian hormone during menstrual cycle but partially influenced to stress hormone. Further study needed to elucidate the exact mechanism of those hormone about dysmenorrhea related to the degree of dysmenorrhea and correlation between ovarian and stress hormone.

대두와 현미 추출몰이 호르몬 의존형 및 비의큰형 유방암세포의 성장에 미치는 영향

성미경,박미영 한국식품영양과학회 2002 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.31 No.3

대두(백태,흑태)와 현미의 메탄올과 아세톤 추출물이 호르몬 의존형 유방암세포(MCF-7)와 호르몬 비의존형세포(MDA-MB-231)의 세포독성과 apoptosis에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다 각 추출물별 25, 50, 100 ug/well의 농도로 24, 48, 72시간 배양 시 배양시간과 사용된 시료 모두 농도 의존적으로 유방암 세포생존율을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 호르몬 의존형 세포인 MCF-7 에서는 현미의 아세톤 추출물이 낮은 농도에서 짧은 배양시간에도 그 효과가 나타났고 호르몬 비의존형 세포주 MDA-MB-231에서는 현미의 아세톤 및 메탄올 추출물의 효과가 다른 시료들에 비해 높게 나타났다. Apoptosis에 미치는 영향에서는 호르몬 비의존형 세포(MDA-MB-231)에서 메탄올추출물 처리군이 대조군에 비해 apoptosis된 세포가 유의적으로 증가한 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 그러나 세포생존율 결과와는 다르게 호르몬의존형 세포와 호르몬비의존형 세포 모두에서 아세톤 처리군은 대조군에 비해 apptosis에 유의차를 나타내지 않았다. 이상의 결과에 의하면 이들 화합물이 소유한 암세포 성장억제 기전은 추출물내 함유된 화합물의 종류와 세포성장의 호르몬 의존도에 따라 다양한 것으로 사료된다. A number of experimental and epidemiological studies have implicated that antiestrogenic effects of estrogen-like compounds in legumes and plant seeds are responsible for lowering breast cancer risk in human. However, few studies have been conducted to illustrate the possible chemopreventive effects of Korean traditional food materials. This study was performed to determine the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of yellow soybeans, black soybeans and brown rice extracts on hormone-dependent and hormone-independent human breast cancer cells. Methanol-or acetone-soluble fractions of soybeans or brown rice were incubated with hormone-dependent cells (MCF-7) or hormone-independent cells (MDA-MB-231). Cell cytotoxicity was measured by MTT assay at 24, 48 and 72 hrs of incubation. Apoptotic effects of these extracts toward breast cancer cells were also determined at 48 hrs of incubation by measuring DNA fragmentation. Results indicated that the acetone-soluble fraction of brown rice exerted strongest cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 ceIls, although other fractions also reduced the number of viable MCF-7 cells after 48 hrs of incubation. Both acetone and methanol soluble fractions of all samples exerted a significant cytotoxicity towards MDA-MB-231 cells after 24 hrs of incubation, and acetone and methanol soluble fractions of brown rice were especially effective in these cells. At 48 hrs of incubation, methanol fractions of all three samples induced apopotosis of MDA-MB-231 cells. These results indicate methaol or acetone soluble fractions of yellow soybeans, black soybeans and brown rice induce cytotoxicity in both hormone-dependent and hormone-independent breast cancer cells. Therefore, possible mechanisms of cell cytotoxicity do not necessarily include antiestrogenic effects of soybean or brown rice extract. A possible anticarcinogenic effect of brown rice methanol-soluble fraction may mediated through their apoptotic effect. Further studies are requried to elucidate responsible compounds and mechanisms involved in observed anticarcinogenesis.

노인 여성의 한국무용 수행이 스트레스 지수 및 노화 지연 호르몬 농도에 미치는 영향

김정하 ( Jeong Ha Kim ),윤정수 ( Chung Su Yun ),윤신중 ( Shin Jung Yun ),백승현 ( Seung Hyen Pack ) 한국무용과학회 2014 한국무용과학회지 Vol.30 No.4

본 연구는 노인 여성을 대상으로 한국무용 수행이 스트레스 지수 및 노화호르몬 변화에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 노인의 삶에 부정적으로 작용하는 스트레스 관리와 노화 지연 호르몬의 농도를 개선시키기 위한 수단으로써 한국무용의 운동생리학적 효과를 규명하는데 목적을 두고 실시하였다. 한국무용 수행 집단 10명, 통제 집단 10명으로 나누어 실험절차에 따라 한국무용 수행은 1주일에 3회, 1회 60분, 12주 동안 총 36회에 걸쳐 실시하였다. 한국무용 수행 전·후 노인 여성의 스트레스 지수 및 노화호르몬의 농도를 측정하여 자료를 분석한 결과 집단 내에서 한국무용 수행 후, 수행 전에 비하여 노인 여성들의 스트레스지수는 유의한 차이(***p<.001)가 있게 감소하였으며, 노화 지연 호르몬인 성장호르몬(*p<.05)과 DHEA-S(*p<.05)는 유의한 차이가 있게 증가하였다. 에스트로겐은 유의한 차이는 없으나 증가하는 변화양상을 보였다. 수행 후 공변량 분석(ANCOVA) 결과 집단 간에 실험군이 통제군에 비하여 스트레스지수는 유의한 차이(***p<.001)가 있게 감소하였으며, 성장호르몬(**p<.01)과 DHEA-S(*p<.05)는 유의한 차이가 있게 증가하였다. 따라서 본 연구 결과를 감안할 때 한국무용 수행이 노인의 효과적인 스트레스 관리와 노화 지연 호르몬의 농도 개선을 위한 유산소 운동으로써 효용성이 있을 것으로 사료된다. This study was done at the target of elderly women performing Korean dance to define the effect of exercise physiology by analyzing its influence on the changes of stress index and aging delay hormone as a means of stress management which has negative effect on elderly women`s life and increasing the thickness of aging delay hormone. They were divided into control group and Korean dance performance group with 10 members each. According to the procedure, Korean dance was performed for sixty minutes at a time, three times a week and 36times altogether lasting for 12 weeks. As a result of analyzing the materials measuring elderly women`s stress index and the thickness of aging delay hormone before and after the Korean dance performance, their stress index decreased significantly (***p<.001) and aging delay hormone, growth hormone(*p<.05) and DHEA-S(*p<.05) increased significantly. There is no significant difference in estrogen but it shows a positive aspect of change. As a result of ANCOVA after the performance, there are significant decrease in the stress index (***p<.001) and significant increase in the growth hormone(**p<.01) and DHEA-S(*p<.05) compared with before the performance. Therefore, Korean dance performance is considered to have a usefulness as an aerobic exercise for elderly women`s effective stress management and for increasing the thickness of aging delay hormone.

호르몬구이(ホルモン焼き), 재일한국인·조선인의 변용과 갱생의 표상

연윤희(延允禧) 동북아시아문화학회 2014 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.39

This report, based on the analysis of “Grilled Hormone”, analyzed the life of Zainichi’s (Koreans living in Japan) who came to Japan during the Chosun era. During the Meiji era, the Japanese began to accept western cultures and meat-eating culture. It was the beginning era of accepting new culture and Japanese followed western cultures. One of the culture that they followed was meat-eating culture, which they only used the portion of red meat because Japanese never learned how to eat meat and it was not part of their culture. Thus, the Japanese did not used any of the intestines. When Chosun was colonized by the Japanese, many of the people from Chosun migrated to Japan. Those migrant had to settle in Japan by selling eating those intestines parts from the meat or pork. Controversially, animal intestines that Japanese people avoided became familiar food ingredient for Zainichis and they could live by with the intestines. During this period of time, the “grilled hormone,” represents the poverty and discrimination of Zainichis. Soon, the Zainichi’s begin to create their own style of food culture and when Japan was reaching its high growth of economic the “grilled hormone” became one of the high-quality food even for Japanese. The “grilled hormone” once used to be known as low-quality food transformed into a high-quality food. The negative image of “grilled hormone” have reformed through a movie called, “The Yakiniku movie: Bulgogi, 2007.” In this movie, the “grilled hormone” was portrayed as the positive image to Japanese. Not only had the movie showed the positive side of “grilled hormone,” but it definitely converted the recognition of Zainichi’s.

성장호르몬 결핍증에 의한 발기부전

최만수,남현종,강양호,하홍구,방성익,박남철,김영진,박현준 대한남성과학회 2008 The World Journal of Men's Health Vol.26 No.4

Growth hormone deficiency is the medical condition of inadequate production of growth hormone. Growth hormone deficiency in adults is not common, but it may feature a diminished, lean body mass, poor bone density and a number of physical and psychological symptoms, including poor memory, social withdrawal and even depression. Abnormally low growth hormone levels in adults typically result in a diminished quality of life and it can even be disabling. The physical symptoms include loss of strength, stamina, and musculature. Growth hormone deficiency can also impair the biological and physiological/functional substrate of penile erection, which can be, at least in part, restored by the normalization of the plasma levels of growth hormone. This is a report on a 63-year-old man who suffered with severe erectile dysfunction and loss of libido due to growth hormone deficiency. Upon growth hormone administration, his erectile function improved dramatically.

Hormone-related Factors Associated with Dry Eye Syndrome in Postmenopausal Korean Women: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES), 2010-2012

Young-Ju An,Jung-Hee Kim 대한시과학회 2018 대한시과학회지 Vol.20 No.1

목적: 한국 폐경기 여성에서 호르몬 관련 요인과 건성안의 연관성에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 본 인구 기반 단면 연구는 제5기 국민건강영양조사(2010-2012)를 완료한 총 4,586명의 폐경기 여성을 대상으로 복합표본설계 프로시저를 구성하여 분석을 시행하였다. 폐경기 여성을 대상으로 건성안 유병 률을 산출하였고, 공변량을 보정한 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석을 시행하여 내생적 및 외생적 호르몬 관련요인 과 건성안의 연관성을 평가하였다. 결과: 폐경기 여성에서 건성안의 가중된 유병률은 14.2%(95% 신뢰구간: 13.0-15.8)이었다. 사회 인구학 적 요인, 건강행태 요인, 동반질환을 보정한 후에도 경구피임약을 23개월 이상 복용한 경우 건성안 발생 위 험이 1.47배(95% 신뢰구간: 1.03-2.09) 증가하였으며, 여성호르몬제를 36개월 이상 복용한 경우 건성안 발생 위험이 1.70배(95% 신뢰구간: 1.17-2.47) 증가하였다. 결론: 한국 폐경기 여성에서 장기간의 경구피임약과 여성호르몬제의 복용은 건성안의 위험을 유의하게 증가시켰다. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the association between hormone related factors and dry eye syndrome (DES) in postmenopausal Korean women. Method: This population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted by analyzing a complex sample design procedure for 4586 postmenopausal women who completed the 5th National Health and Nutrition Survey (2010-2012). The prevalence of dry eye was calculated for postmenopausal women. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between DES and hormone related factors (exogenous and endogenous), and we also adjusted for possible covariates(possible covariates were adjusted). Result: The weighted DES prevalence (95% CI) in postmenopausal women was 14.2% (13.0-15.8). Even after adjusting for socio-demographic factors, lifestyle factors, and medical factors, the risk of DES was increased when taking oral contraceptives for more than 23 months (odds ratio = 1.47, 95% confidence interval = 1.03-2.09) and for women over 36 months of hormone replacement therapy (odds ratio = 1.70, 95% confidence interval = 1.17-2.47). Conclusion: Long-term oral contraceptive use and hormone replacement therapy in Korean postmenopausal women were significantly associated with increased DES.

갑상선 호르몬의 자가항체에 의한 갑상선 호르몬(T3)의 비정상적인 상승의 1례

이인규,류성열,권기민,황준영,이상준,신동우 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1999 계명의대학술지 Vol.18 No.4

Anti-thyroid hormone autoantibodies were reported in the Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease, thyroid cancer and other thyroid diseases. Most of these autoantibodies are IgG. Immunologically, the thyroid hormone can be considered hapten and as such are unable to induced antibody production. But thyroid hormone can present to the immune system when this hapten is coupled with carrier protein such as thyroglobulin. Anti-thyroid hormone autoantibodies in serum will give falsely high or low thyroid hormone values in radioimmunossays. When the methods based upon absorption of free thyroid hormone or precipitation of all hormone-antibody complex are used, low values in favor of hypothyroidism will be found, whereas high values will be obtained with double-antibody of solid-phase technics. When these autoantibodies bind with thyriod hormone, abnormal elevation or decreased titers of thyroid hormone is seen in radiommunoassay. The interference gives clinicians inappropriate information about the patient's thyroid status. As a result, patients may receive unnecessary treatment from physicians who are unaware of the presence of the autoantibody. We report a case of abnormal elevation of T3 and TSH by anti-T3 autoantibodies in the serum of hypothyroid patient with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Investigation of the corticotropin-releasing hormone–proopiomelanocortin axis in various skin tumours

Kim, M.H.,Cho, D.,Kim, H.J.,Chong, S.J.,Lee, K.H.,Yu, D.S.,Park, C.J.,Lee, J.Y.,Cho, B.K.,Park, H.J. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2006 British journal of dermatology Vol.155 No.5

<P>Summary</P><P>Background </P><P>Various types of external stress cause the skin and central neuroendocrine system to express corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)–proopiomelanocortin (POMC) axis-related hormones. However, the precise role of the CRH–POMC axis-related hormones in various skin tumours is unclear.</P><P>Objectives </P><P>This study examined expression patterns of the CRH–POMC axis-related hormones in skin tumours.</P><P>Methods </P><P>The production of CRH, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and <I>&agr;</I>-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (<I>&agr;</I>-MSH) in various tumour cell lines including HaCaT and primary keratinocytes was examined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunohistochemical analysis of the skin tumours was also performed.</P><P>Results </P><P>CRH, ACTH and <I>&agr;</I>-MSH were strongly expressed in malignant skin tumour cell lines such as G-361 and DX-3 (both malignant melanoma, MM). However, normal and haematological malignancy cell lines did not express the CRH–POMC axis-related hormones. Immunohistochemical analysis of the skin tumours showed that MM (80%), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC, 70%) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC, 10%) had strong immunoreactivity (++/+++) for CRH. Strong ACTH and <I>&agr;</I>-MSH expression was observed in MM (70% and 50%, respectively), SCC (80% and 60%, respectively) and BCC (70% and 50%, respectively).</P><P>Conclusions </P><P>We report that an increase in the level of the CRH–POMC axis-related hormones is associated with malignant skin tumours such as MM. These results highlight the importance of the CRH–POMC axis-related hormones in the malignant tendency of skin tumours.</P>