서울시 아동친화도의 시공간적 변화 탐색

최아수 한국지역지리학회 2024 한국지역지리학회지 Vol.30 No.1

Children should be respected for their existence, but social problems related to children continue to arise in our society. To address these issues, it is crucial, above all, to first assess and examine the environment in the real world where children grow up and live. In this study, we explored the spatiotemporal changes in the degree of child-friendliness by analyzing children under the age of 13 in the 25 districts of Seoul, South Korea from 2015 to 2020. As a result of the analysis, firstly, it was confirmed that the overall degree of child-friendliness in Seoul increased over time. Secondly, hotspot analysis conducted to identify local characteristics of the degree of child-friendliness in Seoul revealed a tendency for hotspots to form in the northern regions and cold spots in the southern regions of Seoul. Thirdly, when examining the degree of child-friendliness in five differentiated domains, it was observed that distinct spatial distribution patterns emerged. The results of this study are expected to be utilized as foundational research for evaluating and inspecting child-friendly environments in child-friendly cities. It is hoped that they will lead to further in-depth research in geography and regional studies, particularly focusing on aspects related to child-friendly cities and child-friendly environments.

스웨덴과 핀란드의 공보육 제도

한유미 한국 스칸디나비아학회 2013 스칸디나비아 연구 Vol.14 No.-

The purpose of this study was to introduce the Nordic child-care system in order to provide the basic information for the development of child-care policy. Through the literature review, Sweden and Finland was compared in terms of the type of child-care service and its current situation, child-care policies including the percentage of child-care budget in GDP, maximum child-care fee, child-care voucher and child-care allowance, National Child-care Curriculum and program, certification and training of child-care personnel, child-care quality assessment system. Both countries had many similarities but differed in some respects, especially in the child-care allowance system which reflects the perspectives of child-care.

양육비 이행확보를 위한 양육비 채권과 선지급에 관한 헌법적 의미

김종세 한국법학회 2025 법학연구 Vol.98 No.-

Due to the multifaceted nature of securing the implementation of child support, the ripple effect of the system does not stop at limiting the basic rights of the child support debtor. In addition to such recognition, flat unconstitutional examination can be prevented only through a detailed review process based on empirical data. If the constitutional perspective on securing the implementation of child support is systematized and the process of accurate understanding of securing the implementation of child support from a constitutional normative perspective is followed, policy alternatives by legislative formation are expected to be prepared based on various constitutional issues inherent in the system. In the past, the Constitutional Court pointed out the need to revise the anti-seizure clause, and the fundamental purpose of prohibiting the seizure of creditors of the entire right to receive benefits in the Public Officials Pension Act is to ensure the humane livelihood of civil servants and their bereaved families. The debtor's circumstances are very diverse and the living conditions of the creditor may be worse than those of the debtor. If the seizure is uniformly prohibited without considering the conditions between the debtor and the creditor at all, it can worsen the creditor's situation and lead to an overly protective situation. It is difficult to say that the results of this situation conform to the spirit of the Constitution, even if they do not directly violate the Constitution. For this reason, it would be constitutional for legislators to establish an institutional mechanism to reflect the appropriate scope of the seizure ban so that the conflicting interests between creditors and debtors can be reasonably adjusted in a certain part, taking into account comprehensive conditions such as living conditions between creditors and debtors, as in Article 246 (3) of the current Civil Execution Act. The anti-seizure clause basically has the legislative purpose of guaranteeing the right to live a humane life for beneficiaries of the public employee pension and their families with it, so child support bonds are originally bonds that must be protected by the anti-seizure clause. If a public employee pension holder fails to fulfill his or her child rearing responsibilities and intentionally avoids the burden of child support, the legal interests to be protected by the anti-seizure clause will be violated. In the United States and Germany, legislative measures are taken, such as restricting the seizure of public pensions or salaries, but expanding the scope of seizure if the executive bond is a child support bond. In Korea's Domestic Litigation Act, the Family Court orders child support debtors to fulfill their child support obligations and imposes fines and may face detention for violating this order, and allows child support debtors to deduct child support from their salaries on a regular basis. The Family Court can order the provision of collateral for child support debtors to pay regularly, and introduced a property specification and property inquiry system for children's child support claims. It is difficult to conclude that child support bonds are sufficiently protected despite foreclosure restrictions under the anti-seizure clause. It seems to be a task of legislative policy decisions to come up with reasonable measures to alleviate the problems of the seizure prohibition clause. It is necessary to allow the court to adjust the scope of seizure restrictions in consideration of specific circumstances such as the living conditions of creditors and debtors, or to adjust the interests of pensioners and creditors, such as making exceptions to allow some seizure of bonds that require special protection. Legislators should urgently come up with institutional arrangements to supplement the provision of prohibition of seizure. 양육비 이행확보의 다면적 성격으로 인해 제도의 파급적인 효과는 양육비 채무자의 기본권 제한으로 그치지 않는다. 그러한 인식과 더불어 실증적 자료를 바탕으로 섬세한 검토 과정을 거쳐야만 평면적인 위헌심사를 방지할 수 있을 것이다. 양육비 이행확보에 대한 헌법적 관점을 체계화하면서 헌법규범적 관점에서 양육비 이행확보를 정확한 이해의 과정을 거친다면 제도에 내재된 다양한 헌법적 쟁점을 바탕으로 입법형성에 의한 정책적 대안이 마련될 것으로 보인다. 과거 헌법재판소는 압류금지조항의 개정 필요성을 지적하였으며, 공무원연금법에 있어서 급여수급권 전액에 대한 채권자에게 압류를 금지하게 한 근본적인 취지는 채무자인 공무원과 그 유족의 인간다운 생활을 보장하기 위함이다. 그런데 채무자의 사정은 매우 다양하고 채권자의 생활 여건이 오히려 채무자보다 더 열악한 경우도 있을 수 있으므로, 채무자와 채권자 양자간의 여건을 전혀 고려하지 않은 채 일률적으로 압류를 전액 금지하게 되면, 채권자의 상황을 악화시키면서 오히려 채무자를 지나치게 보호하는 상황을 초래할 수 있다. 물론 이러한 상황의 결과는 헌법에 직접적으로 위반되지는 않는다고 하더라도 헌법정신에 부합하다고도 하기 어렵다. 이러한 이유로 입법자는 공무원연금법에도 현행 민사집행법 제246조 제3항의 규정과 마찬가지로 채권자와 채무자 양자간의 생활 형편 등 종합적인 여건을 참작하여, 채권자와 채무자 사이의 상충되는 이익을 일정한 부분에 있어서 합리적으로 조정할 수 있도록 압류금지에 적절한 범위를 반영할 수 있는 제도적 장치를 마련하는 것이 헌법합치적일 것이다. 압류금지조항은 기본적으로 공무원연금에 대한 수급권자와 그와 함께 하는 가족의 인간다운 생활을 할 권리를 보장할 수 있도록 하는 데 그 입법목적이 있으므로, 양육비채권은 원래 압류금지조항에 의하여 보호되어야 하는 채권이다. 그런데 공무원연금수급권자가 자녀 양육 책임을 이행하지 않고 양육비용 부담도 의도적으로 회피하는 경우 오히려 압류금지조항이 보호하고자 하는 법익이 압류금지조항에 의해 침해되는 결과가 빚어진다. 미국이나 독일 등에서는 공적 연금이나 급여를 대상으로 한 압류를 제한하면서도 집행채권이 양육비채권인 경우 압류 가능 범위를 확대하는 등의 입법조치를 취하고 있다. 우리나라의 가사소송법에서 가정법원이 양육비채무자에게 양육비지급의무 이행명령을 하고 이 명령을 위반할 때 과태료를 부과하고 감치에 처할 수도 있도록 규정하고 있고, 양육비채무자에게 정기적으로 급여채무를 부담하는 소득세원천징수의무자에게 해당 급여에서 정기적으로 양육비를 공제하도록 하여 양육비채권자에게 직접적으로 지급할 수도 있도록 하고 있다. 또 가정법원은 양육비채무자에게 정기적으로 지급되는 양육비 지급을 위한 담보의 제공을 명할 수 있고, 자녀의 양육비 청구 사건을 위한 재산명시나 재산조회 제도도 도입되어 있다. 그러나 이러한 조치만으로 압류금지조항에 따른 압류 제한에도 불구하고 양육비채권이 충분히 보호되고 있다고 단정하기는 어렵다. 압류금지조항의 문제점을 완화할 수 있는 합리적 방안을 마련하는 것은 입법정책적 결단의 과제인 것으로 보인다. 법원이 채권자와 채무자의 생활형편 등 구체적 사정을 감안하여 압류 제한 범위를 조정할 수 있 ...

아동복지법상 금지행위 규정에 대한 형사법적 검토

윤소현 법조협회 2023 법조 Vol.72 No.5

아동복지학에서는 우리나라의 현대적 아동복지의 역사를 크게 4개 시대로 나누고 있는 바, 2000년 개정 아동복지법 이후부터 현재까지를 아동권리 중심적 복지시대로 보는 것이 대체적인 견해이다. 위 2000년 개정 아동복지법은 아동권리보장의 일환으로서 특히 아동학대에 대처를 강조하였다. 그리하여 위 개정법은 아동학대에 대한 정의 규정 및 신체적, 성적, 정서적 학대 및 유기·방임이라는 4개 금지행위 유형을 도입하였다. 위 정의 및 금지행위 유형들은 종래 아동복지학계의 숙원을 상당히 반영한 것이다. 그런데 아동복지법은 아동학대 피해아동에게 아동 복지서비스를 제공하도록 할 뿐만 아니라 위 금지행위를 위반한 학대행위자를 형사처벌하도록 되어 있어 형사법적인 문제가 제기되고 있다. 기존 형사법적 범죄들과의 체계상 관련성이 논의되고 있고, ‘정서적 학대’와 죄형법정주의의 명확성의 원칙과의 문제도 제기된 바 있다. 근본적으로 위 금지행위 규정들은 아동복지학의 ‘광의의 아동학대’ 개념을 전제로 한 것이어서 이를 모두 형사처벌하는 것이 타당한지의 문제가 제기된다. 생각건대, 아동학대 금지행위는 기존 범죄의 구성요건과 다른 독자적 범죄구성요건으로 봐야 한다. 그러나 아동복지학의 ‘광의의 아동학대’를 그대로 원용하는 것은 국가형벌권의 남용을 불러일으킬 수 있으므로 보호법익인 아동의 건강과 복지를 현저한 위험을 초래할 수 있는 행위로 제한해석해야 할 것이다. In child welfare studies, the history of modern child welfare in Korea is largely divided into four eras, and it is viewed as a child rights-centered welfare era from the revised Child Welfare Act in 2000 to the present. The Child Welfare Act revised in 2000 particularly emphasized coping with child abuse as part of the guarantee of children's rights. Thus, the definition of child abuse and four types of prohibited acts were defined: physical, sexual, emotional abuse, and abandonment and neglect. The definitions and types of prohibited acts considerably reflect the long-standing wishes of the child welfare academia. However, the Child Welfare Act requires criminal punishment for violating the prohibited acts, raising criminal legal issues. It is also problematic whether the unfamiliar concept of "emotional abuse" goes against the principle of clarity of criminal courtism. Fundamentally, the prohibited act regulations introduce the concept and type of "broad child abuse" in child welfare studies, raising the question of whether it is appropriate to punish all of them criminally. In my opinion, child abuse prohibition should be viewed as an independent criminal component that is different from the existing criminal component. However, the use of the broad definition regulations of child welfare studies as it is can lead to abuse of national penal rights, so it should be interpreted by limiting it to an act that significantly hinders the health and welfare of children, which is the protection legal interest of the above requirements.

어머니의 놀이성, 유아의 놀이성, 자기조절 능력과 유아의 사회적 유능성간의 관계

김수미,최진아 한국아동심리재활학회 2015 놀이치료연구 Vol.19 No.2

This study investigates the effects of mother's playfulness, child's playfulness on social competence a mediated by self-regulation in child. Participants consisted of 281 child's mother and child's teachers. The mothers of all children completed the measures of 'Adult Playfulness Scale'. The teachers completed the measures of 'Children Playfulness Scale', 'Social Competence Rating Scale for Young Children', and 'Self-Regulation Scale for Young Children'. The results were as follows. First, child's playfulness and self-regulation were positively correlated with the child's social competence; however mother's playfulness was not correlated with child's social competence. Second, the results of the regression analysis revealed that mother's playfulness was not influenced child's social competence. Third, child's playfulness was influenced child's social competence. Forth, child's self-regulation was influenced child's social competence. Fifth, the results of the regression analysis revealed that child's playfulness was influenced child's social competence both directly and indirectly; child's playfulness had a direct effect on child's social competence and also had and indirect effect on mediated by self-regulation. The results indicated that self-regulation plays a crucial variable in the relationship of child's playfulness and child's social competence. 본 연구는 어머니의 놀이성, 유아의 놀이성, 자기조절력이 유아의 사회적 유능성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 살펴보고, 어머니의 놀이성, 유아의 놀이성이 사회적 유능성에 영향을 미치는 경로에서 유아의 자기조절력의 매개효과는 어떠한지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 만 3∼7세 유아 281명과 그의 어머니를 대상으로 연구하였고, 유아변인은 교사에 의해 평정되었다. 본 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 어머니의 놀이성, 유아의 놀이성, 자기조절력, 사회적 유능성의 상관관계를 살펴본 결과 어머니의 놀이성은 유아의 사회적 유능성과 유의한 상관이 없는 것으로 나타났고, 유아의 놀이성, 자기조절력은 사회적 유능성과 유의한 정적상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 어머니의 놀이성은 사회적 유능성에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 유아의 놀이성은 사회적 유능성에 유의한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 유아의 놀이성 하위요인 중 사회적 자발성이 가장 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 유아의 자기조절력은 사회적 유능성에 유의한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 유아의 놀이성은 자기조절력을 매개로 하여 사회적 유능성에 대해 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나서 사회적 유능성에 있어서 유아의 놀이성과 자기조절력이 중요한 변인임으로 보여주었다. 본 연구결과는 유아의 사회적 유능성의 증진을 위한 개입의 기초자료로서 의의가 있겠다.

아동학대행위자 분리방안을 위한 탐색적 연구

황옥경(Ock-Kyeung Hwang),송미령(Mi Ryoung Song) 한국산학기술학회 2023 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.24 No.4

본 연구는 아동학대 가해자를 가정에서 분리 조치할 수 있는 실효적 방안을 제안하고자 한다. 이를 위해, 피해아동과 아동학대행위자 분리조치에 관여하고 있는 사법 분야 및 아동복지 분야 전문가 8명을 대상으로 FGI 실시하였고, 그 결과를 ‘피해아동과 아동학대행위자 간의 분리 필요’, ‘분리 조치 과정에서 문제점’, ‘아동학대행위자 분리 및 격리를 위한 실질적인 대안’등으로 정리하였다. 아동 안전을 위해, 아동 최선의 이익 관점에서 아동학대행위자와 피해아동 분리 보호 우선 고려되어야 한다고 하였다. 분리조치 과정에서 현장 대응 인력이 갖게 되는 부담감, 아동학대행위자 분리 및 격리조치에 따른 대비책 미비, 현재 응급조치 및 긴급임시조치의 처벌 규정의 미비, 피해아동 보호를 위해 아동을 분리를 먼저 고려하는 것이 문제로 느끼지 못하는 인식 등이다. 이에 대해 아동학대행위자 분리 및 격리조치를 위한 실질적인 대안에 관하여서는 현장조사 시 활용할 수 있는 명확한 지침 마련, 아동학대행위자 분리 및 격리 조치 시행령 및 시행규칙 등 마련, 감호위탁 근거 규정 마련, 아동학대행위자 분리조치가 가능한 양육지원 서비스 강화, 아동학대사건을 바라보는 인식 전환 필요성을 언급하였다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 피해아동의 이익 중심의 아동학대행위자 분리제도 도입 방안을 다음과 같이 제시할 수 있다. 아동학대행위자 우선 분리에 대한 인식 제고, 아동 안전장치를 마련하기 위해, 가해자 분리하여 격리 방안으로 체포, 임시조치 강화와 감호위탁 근거 규정 마련, 감호위탁시설 및 격리를 위한 일시거주시설확대, 행위자가해자 분리조치 이후 원가정 양육기능 지원 등이 실효성 있는 제도가 이루어져야 한다. The aim of this study was to propose effective measures to separate and isolate child abusers at home. focus group interviews (FGIs) were conducted on eight experts in the field of justice and child welfare who were involved in the separation of victims and child abusers. The FGI results can be summarized as follows: need to separate the victim from the child abuser, problems in the process of separation measures, and practical alternatives for the separation and isolation of child abusers. Concerning child safety, it was responded that the separation protection of child abusers and victims should be considered first from the perspective of the best interests of children. The burden of on-site response personnel in the process of separating child abusers, lack of countermeasures for separating and isolating child abusers, lack of punishment regulations for emergency and emergency temporary measures, and the recognition that separating children first were not considered problematic. Regarding practical alternatives to the separation and isolation of child abusers, the need to prepare clear guidelines for the use of on-site investigations, implementation and enforcement regulations for separation of child abusers, strengthening child support services, and changing perception of child abuse cases were suggested by respondents. Based on these results, a plan to introduce a separation system for child abuse offenders centered on the interests of victims can be proposed as follows. To raise awareness of the separation of child abusers and provide child safety devices, effective systems should be implemented to separate perpetrators, strengthen temporary measures, and provide temporary residential facilities for custody and isolation.

아동포르노그래피 처벌 목적에 따른 관련 규정 개선방안

이원상 ( Won Sang Lee ) 한국비교형사법학회 2014 비교형사법연구 Vol.16 No.2

Children are the future of our nation. When they grow up in a healthy way, we are able to see bright and healthy future of our nation. By extension, they are the future of the entire world. Therefore, we should remember that crimes against them will have negative and harmful impacts not only on our society, but also on the entire world. That is why many nations, international organizations and agencies are put their efforts in preventing children from becoming a victim of crimes targeting them. Despite those endeavors, we are not experiencing a decrease in the number of child porn-related crimes and those crimes remain a grave threat to our children. Therefore, countries around the world already have strong actions in place to punish those committing these crimes. However, it is necessary for us to think again about whether we have proper punishment system in place to serve the purpose for punishment of child porn. Appropriate levels of legal responsibilities should be imposed depending on different types of actions such as production, distribution, posting and possession of child porn. There is a need to look at the concept and scope of child porn closely and to check whether we have the appropriate punishment system for it. This paper examined the concept and scope of child pornography in Korea, international trend in child porn-related laws, related legal system in Korea and how to improve it. As a result, I came to realize that there is still a strong need to punish those responsible for child porn, but we need to establish a reasonable legal system related to child porn. To impose heavier punishment for the crime would be ineffective and improper. The primary purpose of our laws regarding child porn should be to prevent child sexual abuse and exploitation. To stop the production of child pornography through measures to control child porn consumers would be considered a secondary purpose. It could also be regarded an important, but secondary purpose of our laws to put responsibilities on ISPs to ban access to child porn contents online. What is the most important thing is to establish a reasonable and systematic legal system governing child porn. I believe that this paper offers meaningful suggestions, though there is room for improvement, on this issue. Consequently, it is needed to revise the concept and definition of child porn and to correct our legal system and punishment for child porn in a way that reflects realities of the current situations. In particular, it is important to impose a proper amount of punishment depending on the different types of actions rather than solely using excessive punishment.

보육교사의 전문성 발달수준과 아동권리인식이 아동권리존중 보육실행에 미치는 영향*아동친화도시 보육교사를 대상으로

박보경,박선영,추보경 한국아동가족복지학회 2024 한국가족복지학 Vol.29 No.4

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of child care teachers’ professionalism and child rights awareness on the practice of child-rights-respecting child care in child-friendly cities. Methods: The participants of this study were 271 child care teachers at child care centers in city C, which is certified as a child-friendly city. Data were collected through self-reports by child care teachers using questionnaires, and the collected data were analyzed using PROCESS macro version 3.4. Results: Among the three sub-factors of the professional development level of child care teachers, knowledge and skill development as well as ecological development had a direct effect on child-rights-respecting child care practices. In addition, knowledge and skill development and ecological development had indirect effects on child-rightsrespecting child care practices through child rights awareness. Conclusions: This study confirmed the importance of establishing professionalization as a teacher to promote child rights awareness among child care teachers as well as child-rights-respecting child care practices. In particular, this study found that knowledge and skill development and ecological development are relatively important areas of professional development.

아동학대범죄의 처벌에 관한 비판적 검토 -「아동학대범죄의 처벌 등에 관한 특례법」을 중심으로-

강동욱 ( Dong Wook Kang ) 단국대학교 법학연구소 2014 법학논총 Vol.38 No.2

In Korea, many children is suffering by child abuse. In recent, child abuse has increased with the result of the worsening financial difficulties that have occurred in Korea. Child abuse is a important problem because it impedes the physical and mental development of children. And abused children are likely to be connected with a violent crime. And child abuse influences not only battered children but also on the society and nation. Therefore, all members of our society - parents, school teachers, private organizations, public institutions, local government and state etc. - shall actively intervene in this problem is required. But general recognition of child abuse is in poor condition in our society. Moreover, most of child abuse has not been exposed. So, legal provisions and social systems to prevent child abuse and to protect or care battered children - victims of child abuse have not been sufficiently established. Also, 「Child Welfare Act」 has a few provisions relating to child abuse. But these are being widely criticized for ambiguity, insufficiency and abstractness. So, in Dec. 31, 2013, Congress decided 「Act on Special Cases concerning the Punishment, etc. of Child Abuse Crime : ASCPCAC」(Act No. 12341) and revised 「Child Welfare Act : CWA」(Act No. 12361), and these Acts is scheduled to enforce on Step 29, 2014. ASCPCAC categorizes child abuse as crime and has provisions for additional punishment of child abuse crime in order to strengthen criminal punishment of the child-batterer. Others it aims at protect of battered children and provide regarding judicial proceedings for punishment of child-batterers who commit child abuse crime. Therefore, in this paper, I will critically examine problems concerning punishment of child abuse crimes with ASCPCAC as the center and suggest improvement or revision ways of ASCPCAC.

「아학대범죄의 처벌 등에 관한 특례법」 에 대한 비판적 검토- 아동학대범죄의 정의(定義) 및 재범방지에 관한 규정과 관련해서-

김성규 ( Seong Gyu Kim ) 한양대학교 법학연구소 2014 법학논총 Vol.31 No.1

Child abuse is any act of commission or omission by a parent or other caregiver that results in harm, potential for harm, or threat of harm to a child. In Korea, the Child Protection Act defines child abuse as the physical, sexual or emotional maltreatment or neglect of a child. However, there seems to be a lack of consensus among professionals about what the terms abuse and neglect mean; the existing provisions are often criticized for vagueness and broadness. In December 2013, Congress passed the authorization of the Act of the Punishment of Child Abuse Crimes, which sets forth a classification of child abuse crime and contains provisions about removing a child from his/her family and/or prosecuting a criminal charge. The Act is not designed to criminalize child abuse, but categorizes the existing offenses as child abuse crimes; it gives the authorities the power to control and manage such acts or behaviors in the interests of the victims. As long as the aim of the Act is to reduce child abuse, not to severe penalties for child abuse, much that is now defined as child abuse does not merit governmental interference. On the other hand, although the Act sets minimum standards for the treatment of child abuse offenders, there is still need for improved implementation of more comprehensive crime prevention programs.