다엽의 5가지 페놀성분과 R-(-)-carvone의 치아우식균 Mutans Streptococci에 대한 항균력 상승효과

송옥희 ( Ok-hee Song ),강옥화 ( Ok-hua Kang ),문수현 ( Su-hyun Mun ),김민철 ( Min-chul Kim ),한영선 ( Young-sun Han ),최성훈 ( Sung-hoon Choi ),이영섭 ( Young-seob Lee ),권동렬 ( Dong-yeul Kwon ) 대한본초학회 2016 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.31 No.5

Objectives : Camellia sinensis (Theaceae) possesses a various beneficial effects such as free radical-scavenging, inactivation of urokinase in cancer cell proliferation, antibacterial, and hypotensive. Dental caries is one of the most common oral infectious disease in a human. Oral microorganisms play a significant role in the etiology of dental caries. An aberration to this ecology due to dietary habits, improper oral hygiene or systemic factors lead to an increase in cariogenic microorganisms. Cariogenic microorganisms like Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus encourage the accumulation and adherence of plaque biofilm by metabolizing sucrose into glucans. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of phenolic compounds of Camellia sinensis and R-carvone, monoterpenes, is can be found naturally in numerous essential oils, on Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus . Methods : The antimicrobial activity of these compounds was determined by the broth microdilution method and checkerboard dilution assay to investigate the potential synergistic effects of each five compounds of Camellia sinensis (C. sinensis) and R-carvone. Results : C. sinensis-isolated compounds and R-carvone were determined with MIC of more than 1,000 ㎍/mL. However, the combination test showed significant synergism against S. mutans and S. sobrinus , implicated in the lowered MICs. Conclusions : These results suggest that combinatory application of phenolic five compounds (theophyllin, l-theanine, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, and caffeine) from C. sinensis and R-carvone has a potential synergistic effect and thus may be useful as a mouthrinse in helping control cariogenic microorganism.

내한성 개체 선발을 위한 국내품종 차나무의 봉화지역 생육 특성

임현정,이재선,용성현,최명석,윤여목,김종철,황정규,송기선 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2023 농업생명과학연구 Vol.57 No.3

본 연구는 국내 차나무 품종을 대상으로 연평균 기온이 낮은 봉화군에 식재하여, 봉화지역 차나무 재배 가능성을 검토하고자 연구를 수행하였다. 봉화군 시험지 토양 조사 결과, 시험지별 토양의 pH, EC, 치환성양이온, 유효인산은 적정수준이었으며, 유기물 함량은 대체로 낮은 수치로 조사되었 다. 봉화군 시험지 기온 조사 결과, 최저 기온은 소천면이 -14.1℃로 가장 낮았고, 다음으로 춘양면 -12.6℃, 명호면 -12.6℃, -10.2℃ 순으로 모든 시험지는 -10℃ 이하의 낮은 온도로 조사되었다. 차나무 재배 생육평가 결과, 명호면 시험지에서 생육 정도가 가장 우수하였고, 다음으로 소천면, 온실, 춘양면 순으로 조사되었다. 또한, 재배품종 보향과 대조품종 다산은 시험지 생장량과 광합성량이 다른 수종에 비해 높은 것을 확인하였 다. 봉화지역과 하동지역에 식재된 참녹의 주요 생리활성물질인 catechin과 caffeine 함량을 조사한 결과, Catechin 함량은 EGC와 EC, EGCG 함량은 하동이 높게 조사되었고, 반면 ECG는 봉화지역의 참녹이 월등히 높았다. 총 catechin 함량은 봉화 5.23%, 하동 5.22%로 비슷하게 나타났다. Caffeine 함량은 봉화 0.05%, 하동 0.38%로 하동지역의 참녹이 높게 나타났다. 본 연구에서 봉화군 차나무 재배 생육평가 결과 명호면, 소천면이 차나무 재배에 유리할 것이며, 봉화지역 차나무 재배 시 재배품종 보향과 대조품종 다산은 재배 적응성이 높을 것으로 판단된다. This study examined the possibility of growing Camella sinensis in the Bonghwa region by planting the domestic C. sinensis cultivars selected in previous studies in Bonghwa, where the average annual temperature is low (9.2℃). As a result of soil investigation in the Bonghwa test site, the soil for each test site was irradiated with appropriate levels of pH, EC, substitutional cations, and effective phosphoric acid. The organic matter content was generally low. As a result of the temperature survey at the Bonghwa test site, Socheon had the lowest temperature at -14.1℃, followed by Chunyang at -12.6℃, Myeongho at -12.6℃, Greenhouse –10.2℃. As a result of the growth evaluation of C. sinensis, the Myeongho test site had the best growth, followed by Socheon, Greenhouse, and Chunyang. In addition, it was confirmed that the fertility of the cultivated cultivars Bohyang and Dasan had higher growth and photosynthesis than the other species. The contents of catechin and caffeine, the main biologically active compounds of C. sinensis planted in Bonghwa and Hadong, were investigated. EGC, EC, and EGCG catechin contents were significantly higher in Hadong than in the Bonghwa and Chamnok in the Hadong area. The total catechin content was similar, 5.23% in Bonghwa and 5.22% in Hadong. Caffeine content was 0.05% for Bonghwa and 0.38% for Hadong. In this study, due to the growth evaluation of C. sinensis in Bonghwa, Myeongho and Socheon are advantageous for cultivating C. sinensis. Also, It is considered to have high cultivation adaptability of Bohyang and Dasan.

차나무 부위별 추출물의 이화학적 특성

임상휘(Sang Hwi Im),김주성(Ju Sung Kim) 한국약용작물학회 2022 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.30 No.3

Background: There are various physiologically active substances in Camellia sinensis leaves, and much research has been conducted on it, however, the properties of other parts such as branch, flower, seed, and root are still unknown. Therefore, in this study, we checked the physicochemical properties of each part of C. sinensis. Methods and Results: In this study, we prepared a 70% ethyl alcohol extract of each part of C. sinensis and determined their yield, total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents, antioxidant activity, components [using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)], and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The yield was highest in the flower extract, and the total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity tended to be high in the order of leaf, root, branch, flower, and seed. Analysis of the catechin compounds using HPLC, confirmed that epigallocatechin (EGC) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) were mostly present in the leaf, but epicatechin (EC), gallocatechin gallate (GCG), and gallocatechin (GC) were present in varying concentrations in each part. The inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase was higher than that of acarbose, a hypoglycemic agent, in all parts except the seed, which showed no activity. Furthermore, significantly higher α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was confirmed in the root. Conclusions: Apart from the leaves, which have been widely used and studied in the industry, the C. sinensis root and brances showed high activity. In particular, the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was very high, confirming the possibility of using the roots and brances discarded by the tea leaf industry as an antidiabetic material.

한산도에 서식하는 식물의 잎에서 분리된 5종의 국내 미기록 내생균

박혁 ( Hyeok Park ),이종철 ( Jong-chul Lee ),엄안흠 ( Ahn-heum Eom ) 한국균학회 2020 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.48 No.3

Endophytic fungi were isolated from the leaves of plants inhabiting the Hansando Island in Korea. We identified the fungal strains based on their morphological characteristics and on the phylogenetic analysis using DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer, small subunit rDNA, large subunit rDNA, and translation elongation factor 1- α regions. In this study, we isolated five endophytic fungi that have not been recorded in Korea, Arthrinium camelliae-sinensis, Beltraniella humicola, B. portoricensis, Microxiphium theae, and Piceomphale pinicola. Their morphological characteristics as well as the results of molecular phylogenetic analysis are reported here.

차나무, 동백나무, 귤나무 잎에서 엽록소 형광 및 CO2 흡수능의 비교 분석

오순자 ( Soon Ja Oh ),이진호 ( Jin Ho Lee ),고광섭 ( Kwang Sup Ko ),고석찬 ( Seok Chan Koh ) 한국환경생물학회 2012 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.30 No.2

본 연구는 차나무(Camellia sinensis L.)와 동백나무(C, japonica L.), 제주지역의 주요 과수작물인 귤나무(Citrus unshiu M.) 잎을 대상으로 엽록소형광과 CO2 흡수능을 비교 분석하여 탄소흡수원으로서의 가치를 평가하고자하였다. 차나무의 CO2 고정율은 같은 과의 동백나무보다 높고 과수작물인 귤나무와 유사하였다. 기공전도도 (gs)는 3종 모두 새벽에는 높고 이후 저녁 시간까지 계속하여 감소하였다. 엽육 내 CO2 농도 (Ci)는 3종 모두 새벽 (06:00)에 높고 낮에 감소하였다가 저녁에 다시 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 잎의 증산율 (E)은 낮 시간에 높아 졌다가 저녁에 감소하였다. 차나무에서 광계II의 광화학적 효율(Fv/Fm)은 낮시간에 다소 낮아졌다가 저녁에 다시 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 이러한 낮시간의 Fv/Fm 감소는 광억제의 결과로 보이며 그 감소폭이 동백나무보다 적어 빛이나 고온 등에 내성을 가지고 있음을 알 수 있다. 엽면적당 활성상태의 반응중심의 상대적 밀도를 의미하는 RC/CS는 3종 모두 낮시간에 감소하였다. ABS/RC, TRo/RC, ETo/RC와 DIo/RC는 차나무와 동백나무에서 낮시간에 증가하였으며, 귤나무에서도 낮시간에 증가하였으나 유의성이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 일동화율은 차나무가 320.1 mmol m-2 d-1로 가장 높았으며, 귤나무와 동백나무는 각각 292.5 mmol m-2 d-1와 244.8 mmol m-2 d-1로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 토대로 차나무는 광합성율이 높고 낮 시간의 광억제도 낮을 뿐만 아니라, 귤나무보다 수분요구량이 낮고 수분이용효율은 높아 탄소흡 수원으로서 유용한 작물수종인 것으로 보인다. The chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic CO2 fixation capacity of leaves from three major crop trees found on Jeju Island, Camellia sinensis L., Camellia japonica L., and Citrus unshiu M., were analyzed. The photosynthetic CO2 fixation rate of C. sinensis was similar to that of C. unshiu, and much higher than that of C. japonica which belongs to the same genus. Stomatal conductance in the three species was high at dawn and low during daytime. The intercellular CO2 concentration of the three species was also high at dawn and decreased at midday. The transpiration rate showed an opposite trend from the intercellular CO2 concentration. The photochemical efficiencies of PSII (Fv/Fm) in C. sinensis were slightly lower at midday compared to the level at dawn and/or dusk. The decline in Fv/Fm of C. sinensis at midday was much smaller than that of C. japonica. These results indicate that C. sinensis is better acclimated to high levels of radiation under natural conditions in late summer, although its PSII reaction center was inhibited by strong radiation. Of the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in the species, the RC/CS decreased significantly while the ABS/RC, TRo/RC, ETo/RC, and DIo/RC increased significantly at midday in late summer. However, C. unshiu did not show significant changes in these values depending on the time of day. Among the three species, the daily CO2 fixation rate in C. sinensis (320.1 mmol m-2 d-1) was the highest, followed by that of C. unshiu (292.5 mmol m-2 d-1) and C. japonica (244.8 mmol m-2 d-1). Thus, C. sinensis may be a valuable crop tree in terms of the uptake of CO2 under natural field conditions.

야생 차나무 집단의 생태 및 잎의 형태적 특성

박인협(IN Hyeop Park),김례화(Rea Hwa Kim),이선하(Seon Ha Lee) 한국차학회 1997 한국차학회지 Vol.3 No.2

Twelve natural Camellia sinensis populations were selected according to district and latitude, and studied to investigate ecology and morphological characteristics of leaves. Camellia sinensis populations were located mainly at the southern slope below 300m in elevation where soil was relatively fertile and soil texture was silt loam. Camellia sinensis was distributed as a population under the tree stratum dominated by Phyllostachys bambusoides, Tarreya nucifera, Robinia pseudo-acacia, Quercus variabilis, Styrax japonica, Celtis choseniana and Acer pseudo-sieboldianum. Density of Camellia sinensis ranged from 6,100 to 37,100 trees/ha. Significant differences in leaf length, leaf width, number of serrations, number of veins, petiole length and leaf area were observed among populations and individuals within populations. Correlation coefficients between leaf length and leaf area and between number of serrations and number of veins showed significantly positive correlation. According to cluster analysis based on the morphological characteristics of the leaves, Camellia sinensis populations were classified into three groups by leaf length and leaf area. The populations which belong to the middle group was classified into two sub-groups by number of serrations and veins.

Camellia sinesis leaves extract ameliorates high fat diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in rats: analysis of potential mechanisms

Mohamed Safaa H.,Shahat Abdelaaty A.,Mohamed Mohamed Ragaa,Khalil Wagdy K. B.,Salem Ahmed M.,Farrag Abdel Razik H.,Ahmed Hanaa Hamdy 한국약제학회 2021 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.51 No.2

Purpose Our research aims to address and determine the effect of Camellia sinensis extract in the management of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in rats. Methods Forty adult female albino rats were divided into four groups. Group 1 (G1) served as the control group, while the other three groups received high-fat diet for 32 weeks to induce NASH and then were later assigned to the following groups: (G2) NASH-afflicted group which was left untreated, (G3) NASH-afflicted group treated with Camellia sinensis extract in a dose of 400 mg/kg, and (G4) NASH-afflicted group treated with Camellia sinensis extract in a dose of 200 mg/kg. Results Significant elevation in serum alanine aminotransferase, albumin, bilirubin (total and direct), cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, triglycerides, leptin, Cox-2, and CD40 values was recorded. Moreover, overexpression of hepatic tumor necrosis factor alpha and hepatocyte growth factor genes were recorded, whereas blood platelet count and serum high density lipoprotein concentration revealed significant depletion, which was paralleled by significant downregulation of hepatic adiponectin gene expression level in NASH group versus the control group. On the opposite side, treatment of NASH groups with two different doses of Camellia sinensis extract reversed the values of the measured biochemical parameters and the targeted gene expression levels when compared with the NASH group. Optical micrograph of liver tissue sections of rats treated with Camellia sinensis extract showed the observed improvement in the studied biochemical and genetic markers. Conclusion This study provides a clear evidence for the promising therapeutic potential of Camellia sinensis extract against NASH. This could be ascribed to its hepatoprotective activity, hypolipidemic effect, and anti-inflammatory potency.

알로에(蘆회), 녹차(綠茶), 꿀(蜂蜜)의 미백효과에 관한 연구

한은정,이길영,김혜정,김윤범,Han, Eun-jeong,Lee, Gil-young,Kim, Hae-jeong,Kim, Yoon-bum 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2003 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.16 No.3

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the depigmentation effects of Aloe, Camellia sinensis and Mel. Methods : Inhibition of tyrosinase activity, melanin production & melanoma cell viability in cultured B16 melanoma cells, UV screen and cytoprotective effects on PC12 cells injured by hydrogen peroxide were measured. Results : Aloe has some inhibitory effects on tyrosinase activity, on the other hand Camellia sinensis and Mel do not have. They did not show any inhibitory effects on melanin production in melanoma cells and cytoprotective effects on PC12 cells injured by hydrogen peroxide. Aloe and Camellia sinensis have some inhibitory effects on UV screen. Conclusions : This study shows that Aloe and Camellia sinensis which were generally used for external application have some depigmentation effects. Following this, We should use them for whitening agents and the depigmentation effects of the other natural subjects which were generally used for external application should be examined.

Antibacterial Activities of Phenolic Components from Camellia sinensis L. on Pathogenic Microorganisms

Ha-Sook Chung,Jung-Sook Shin 한국식품영양과학회 2007 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.12 No.3

Antibacterial activities of the major phenolic components from Camellia sinensis L. were investigated against several pathogenic microorganisms including Gram-positive strains like Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Streptococcus pyogens 308A; and Gram-negative strains like Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Escherichia coli 078, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 9027, and Enterobacter cloacae 1321E. The MIC values demonstrate that both (-)-epicatechin and (-)-epigallocatechin were more considerably toxic against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 than the other two catechins like (-)-epicatechingallate and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate. (-)-Epicatechingallate and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate were most inhibitory against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. As a result, (-)-epicatechin showed predominant antibacterial activities among tea varieties. The contents of major polyphenolic components such as four catechins, theaflavin, and quercetin were different according to fermentation processes. The total contents of four catechins were ranged from 13.81 to 1.33%, with (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate being dominant among tea varieties; theaflavin was found the characteristic pigment in fully-fermented black tea.

차나무 부위별 메탄올 추출물의 생리활성

최소라,김영곤,김형무,고정애,서병수,김영선,송은주,서경원 한국차학회 2011 한국차학회지 Vol.17 No.4

To obtain the information on various physiological activities in Camellia sinensis L., we investigated antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities using methanol extracts of leaf, stem, ovary, seed and flower. Total phenolic compound and flavonoid contents were the highest in leaf and followed by stem, flower, ovary, and seed. As RC50 value, that was, the concentration of sample required for 50% reduction of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, was 2.5-5.4 μg/mL in leaf, stem, ovary and flower. C. sinensis had antimicrobial activities against six strains such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Citrobacter freundii, Candida albicans,and Saccharomyces cerevisiae by different harvesting parts. Especially, flower had a very high antimicrobial activity against S. aureus. All harvesting parts of C. sinensis had anticancer activities with high growth inhibition rates of AGS (stomach cancer cell), HELA (cervix cancer cell), HT-29 (colon cancer cell), and MCF-7 (breast cancer cell).