맹방해안에서 관측되는 Beach Cusp의 일 년에 걸친 대순환 과정과 계절별 특성 여러 생성기작 중 포획모드 Edge Waves를 중심으로

조용준 한국해안,해양공학회 2019 한국해안해양공학회 논문집 Vol.31 No.5

Using the measured data of waves and shore-line, we reviewed the grand circulation process and seasonal variation of beach cusp at the Mang-Bang beach from the perspective of trapped mode Edge waves known as the driving mechanism of beach cusp. In order to track the temporal and spatial variation trends of beach cusp, we quantify the beach cusp in terms of its wave length and amplitude detected by threshold crossing method. In doing so, we also utilize the spectral analysis method and its associated spectral mean sand wave number. From repeated period of convergence and ensuing splitting of sand waves detected from the yearly time series of spectral mean sand wave number of beach cusp, it is shown that the grand circulation process of beach cusp at Mang-Bang beach are occurring twice from 2017. 4. 26 to 2018. 4. 20. For the case of beach area, it increased by 14,142 m 2 during this period, and the shore-line advanced by 18 m at the northen and southern parts of the Mang-Bang beach whereas the shore-line advanced by 2.4 m at the central parts of Mang-Bang beach. It is also worthy of note that the beach area rapidly increased by 30,345 m 2 from 2017.11.26. to 2017.12.22. which can be attributed to the nature of coming waves. During this period, mild swells of long period were prevailing, and their angle of attack were next to zero. These characteristics of waves imply that the main transport mode of sediment would be the cross-shore. Considering the facts that self-healing capacity of natural beaches is realized via the cross-shore sediment once temporarily eroded. it can be easily deduced that the sediment carried by the boundary layer streaming toward the shore under mild swells which normally incident toward the Mang-Bang beach makes the beach area rapidly increase from 2017.11.26. to 2017.12.22. 파랑관측 자료와 실측된 해안선 위치를 활용하여 맹방해안에 형성되는 beach cusp의 일 년에 걸친 대순환 과정과 계절별 특성을 포획모드 Edge waves와 beach cusp의 인과 관계를 중심으로 살펴보았다. 맹방표사 계에 출현 하는 beach cusp의 시공을 통한 변화 추이를 가늠하기 위해 threshold 상향통과 법으로 특정된 각 beach cusp의 파 장과 진폭을 활용하여 정량화하였으며, 스펙트럼 해석의 경우에는 spectral mean sand wave number를 도입하여 정 량화하였다. Spectral mean sand wave number의 시계열자료로부터 sand wave의 융합과 분할이 반복되는 주기를 산 출하는 경우 beach cusp의 대순환과정은 일 년에 두 번에 걸쳐 진행되는 것으로 보인다. 해빈면적의 경우 해빈 대순 환 과정이 완성되는 일 년을 기준으로 14,142 m 2 정도 증가하였으며, quadratic 회귀 분석하여 얻은 평균 해안선의 경우 맹방해안 남단과 북단에서는 18 m, 맹방해안 중앙부에서는 2.4 m 내외로 전진하였다. 해빈면적은 2017.11.26부 터 2017.12.22 사이에 30,345 m 2 내외로 급속하게 증가하였으며, 이렇게 급속한 해빈면적 증가는 상당히 예외적인 것으로 11월 26부터 12월 22일 사이에 맹방해안으로 내습한 파랑의 성격에 기인하는 것으로 판단된다. 전술한 기간 은 온화한 장주기 너울이 지배적이며, 대부분의 파랑이 영의 영각에 가깝게 맹방해안으로 내습한다. 이러한 파랑조 건은 주 표사 이송모드가 횡단 표사라는 것을 의미하며 자연 해빈의 자기 치유능력이 횡단 표사를 통해 구현된다는 사실을 상기하면 전술한 해빈면적의 급속한 증가는 영의 영각으로 진입하는 파랑의 경계층 streaming에 의해 해안방 향으로 회귀되는 표사가 누적되어 발생하는 것으로 판단된다.

강원도 동해안의 해변관광 활성화 방안

허중욱 ( Chung Uk Heo ),심상화 ( Sang Hwa Shim ),이광옥 ( Gwang Ock Lee ) 한국도서(섬)학회 2010 韓國島嶼硏究 Vol.22 No.3

With increasing leisure time, income and institutional support, beach and bathing-related management has become an important factor for the regional development. Despite the increased awareness of positive influence of social, economic and ecological issues at the beach and bathing area, search for alternatives in activating such areas is only slightly regarded. This article provides such alternatives based on the survey of tourists who have visited the beach of Gangwon Province and an analysis on the supply side including the intervention of local government, the popular committee and artist federation. The results of this paper are the followings: First, local government should establish a management system for the tourism environment on the basis of regional government, cities and counties, and association of town. It needs to expand the clean beach certification, and establish legislations on beach management and facilities for culture and leisure in order to construct a beach management system. Secondly, it needs to sustain the strategic efforts of activating the beach tourism in Gangwon Province so as to enhance tourist`s satisfaction level. Local government should establish a system which includes an entrance fee collection, lodgings certification, consumer watchdog and human network for the guard and publicity. Thirdly, in order to activate the beach tourism of coastal area in Gangwon Province, it is necessary to develop local-based tourism products by combining the tourist`s needs and local attractiveness. This procedure results in pump-priming effects with development of new local products, linkage program between beach and mountain village and promotion of training course for leisure, sport and tourism in the beach. To conclude, local government should make an effort to secure a reasonable system on the activation of the beach tourism so as to sustain tourism of the region. The viable approach for the small and medium sized cities is to attract tourists who must animate the beach area to induce upward trend of floating population in limited settler.

동양의 나폴리, 송도해수욕장의 형성과 변천과정

김승(Kim, Seung) 한국해양대학교 국제해양문제연구소 2013 해항도시문화교섭학 Vol.0 No.8

Songdo Beach was established in 1913 as the first public beach of Korea. This year, it will celebrate its 100th birthday along with the development with Busan Port. Songdo Beach is the only beach located near the city center along with its long history which still plays roles as a beach. Songdo Beach is not only a beach but also history of the city as a seaport. It is also the spring of memories and nostalgia for Busan citizens. Studying the formation and development processes of Songdo Beach, often referred to as a Naples in Asia which enjoyed national popularity until the 1960s and 1970s will be a very critical task to understand another cultural layers of Busan as a seaport. Sondo Beach was close from the downtown, becoming a resting place for citizens exhausted from daily life and also worked as a park. Therefore, Sondo Beach worked as a place for students of Busan for physical training under the colonial rule, a destination for picnics, and a venue for gatherings of members from various public agencies, local groups, and youth clubs. Various infrastructure facilities of Songdo established under the colonial rule were transferred after the national independence. Especially, during the Korean War, Songdo invited many politicians, writers, and schools, playing important roles to supplement the original downtown of Busan both in cultural and physical or spatial terms. Later, Songdo Beach became the country’s best beach in the 1960s and met its peak as more than 100,000 visitors came on July 26, 1964. The reasons that Songdo Beach played various complex roles as a comprehensive leisure town in the 1960s include geographic proximity to the original downtown, cable cars, pedestrian overpasses, and play facilities unavailable in other areas, and streamline ships for amusement, and conger sashimi dishes with tastes excellent enough to be exported to Japan. Sondo deteriorated with water pollution from the mid 1970s and was reborn after ceaseless efforts since 2000. The revival of Songdo, actually, witnesses the flow of original downtown redevelopment of Busan. If we aim at another 100 years of Songdo Beach, we already have answers as to the attitudes of Busan citizens in relation to development of Songdo Beach as well as redevelopment of seaside and waterside areas such as Bukhang Port.

한반도 서해남부 임자도 해빈 퇴적작용의 계절적 변화

류상옥,장진호,조주환,문병찬 한국해양학회 2004 바다 Vol.9 No.3

한반도 서해남부 임자도 해빈에서 퇴적작용의 계절적 변화를 규명하기 위하여 2년 동안 지형 단면과 표층퇴적물, 집적률에 대한 모니터 링을 실시하였다. 해빈 단면은 경사가 급한 해빈면과 비교적 경사가 완만한 중ㆍ저조해빈으로 이루어져 있다. 해빈면의 경사는 여름에 증가하고 겨울에 감소하여 일반적인 해빈의 계절순환 양상과 잘 일치된다. 또 한 중ㆍ저조해빈은 여름에는 파봉과 유흔구조가 잘 발달하는데 반해, 겨울에는 메가 연흔이 잘 발달하는 계절적 변화를 보인다. 해빈 퇴적물은 해빈의 북측에서 남측으로, 그리고 저조선에서 고조선 방향으로 세립해지는 경향을 보인다. 퇴적물의 평균 입도는 북측 해빈에서는 가을과 겨울에 조립해지는데 반해, 남측 해빈에서는 겨울과 봄에 조립해지는 경향을 보인다. 또한 집적률 조사 결과, 북측 해빈은 전체적으로 침식되고 남측 해빈은 퇴적되는 양상을 보인다. 이와 같은 현상은 해빈 퇴적물이 해안선 방향(북동-남서)으로 발달하는 연안류에 의해 해빈을 따라 남쪽으로 이동하기 때문으로 생각된다. 그러나 집적률의 계절적 변화는 매우 복잡할 뿐 아니라 뚜렷한 규칙성을 보이지 않는다. 이는 아마도 인위적 요인에 의한 연안 및 해저지형 변화와 지구온난화에 따른 해수면 상승 등 다양한 요인들에 의해 임자도 해빈의 에너지 수준이 평행상태에 도달하지 못하고 불안정한 상태에 있음을 의미하는 것으로 생각된다. A continuous monitoring of textural characteristics of surface sediments, sedimentation rates and beach profile was carried out to investigate the seasonal variations of sedimentary processes in the Imjado beach, southwestern coast of Korea for two years. The beach profiles consist of steep beach face and relatively flat middle and low tide beaches. The slope of the beach face increases in summer and decreases in winter, in good accordance with the standard beach cycle. Ridge and runnel systems are well developed in the middle and low tide beaches during the summer, but these structures are replaced by mega-ripples during the winter. The sediments are fining southward as well as landward. The mean grain-size tends to be increasingly coarser during seasons of autumn and winter on the north beach and during seasons of winter and spring on the south one. In addition, the sediments are eroded on the north beach and accumulated on the south one as a whole. These are probably due to southward transportation of the sediments as long-shore current (NE-SW) runs around the coastal line of the beach. However, the seasonal variations in accumulation rates are very complex and irregular. It is considered that the Imjado beach represents in non-equilibrium state, as a result of coastal and submarine topographic changes by artificial agents and sea-level uprising associated with global warming.

겨울철 서해안 사취형 해빈의 지형과 퇴적물 특성의 변화 - 안면도 백사장 해빈을 중심으로 -

김찬웅,신영호,유근배 국토지리학회 2015 국토지리학회지 Vol.49 No.1

We focused on changes of beach profiles and sediment properties during winter, especially sand spit beaches. Overall erosion prevailed on Baeksajang beach due to strong wave processes during winter, whereas sedimentation occur in some parts which are connected to the sandspit. The upper and middle part of central Baeksajang beach had been eroded and the sediment transported to the lower part. Sedimentation of the lower part is due to nearshore bar formation processes or tidal sedimentation processes caused by the nearby inlet. The sedimentation environment of the upper part of the northern Baeksajang beach was affected by ridge movement to the land. It is due to longshore currents from the central Baeksajang beach. Therefore, changes of beach profiles and sediment properties on the sandspit beach is distinct from those of pocket beaches or linear-shaped beaches on west coast of Korea. 겨울철동안 서해안의 사취형 해빈을 대상으로 해빈 단면과 퇴적물 입도 특성 변화를 확인하였다. 백사장 해빈은 겨울철 동안 강화된 파랑조건으로 인해 전반적으로 침식이 발생하였지만, 사취와의 연결성에 따라 퇴적이 발생한 구역도 관찰되었다. 연구지역 중앙부의 간석지 하부에서는 연안사주 형성 프로세스 또는 인접한 조수로의 영향으로 퇴적이 발생된 것으로 판단된다. 연구지역 북측의 사취와 연한 구역에서는, 간석지 상부에서 사주둔덕이 육지 방향으로 이동하여 퇴적이 발생하였다. 이는 연구지역 중앙부에서 침식된 퇴적물이 연안류에 의해 이동되어 퇴적된 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 서해안의 포켓형이나 직선형 해빈에서 관찰되었던 겨울철동안의 단면 및 퇴적물 특성변화와는 구별되는 사취형 해빈의 특수성을 확인할 수 있었다.

태풍 내습 시 자갈 해빈의 지형반응 - 부산 태종대 감지 해빈의 사례

이영윤,장태수 한국지구과학회 2020 한국지구과학회지 Vol.41 No.1

To understand the impact of typhoons on Gamji gravel beach Taejongdae in Busan, we carried out beach profiling using a VRS-GPS system and a Drone photogrammetry for the typhoons ‘Kong-rey’ invaded in October 2018 and ‘Danas’ in July 2019. In addition, grain sizes are analyzed to investigate the overall distribution pattern of gravels on the beach, and the beach topography is surveyed periodically to confirm the recovery rate of the beach. Grain-size analysis reveals that mean gravel sizes, in general, become finer from −6.2Φ to −5.4Φ towards the east in the seashore line direction. Variation in mean sizes is obviously observed in the cross-shore direction. Gravels in the swash zone are relatively fine about −4.5Φ in size and equant in shape, whereas the coarse and oblate gravels ranged from −5Φ to −6Φ are found in the berm. Gamji gravel beach particularly has two lines of berms: a lower berm situated facing beach and an upper berm about 10 m landward. After the typhoon Kong-rey passed by, about 1.4 m of severe erosion in upper berm occurred, and the berm eventually disappeared. On the backshore of the upper berm about 50 cm of erosion took place so that the elevation became lower. However, tangible erosion was not observed in the lower berm. When typhoon Danas hit, rated as mild storm, both upper and lower berm were eroded out. However, about 50 cm of deposition occurred only in the backshore. Only three days later, the new lower berm was formed, meaning that sedimentation rate must be high. This result indicates that Gamji gravel beach is recovered very fast from erosion caused by the typhoons when it is under the fair-weather condition even though beach morphology changes dramatically in a short period of time. Gravel beach is estimated to be or evaluated very resilient to typhoon erosion. 자갈해빈에 대한 태풍의 영향력을 조사하기 위하여 태종대 감지 자갈해빈에서 2018년 10월에 내습한 태풍 ‘콩레이’와 2019년 7월의 태풍 ‘다나스’에 대하여 VRS-GPS, 드론 측량을 수행하였다. 감지해빈의 전반적인 퇴적물 분포를 파악하기 위해서 입도분석을 하였으며, 자갈해빈의 회복력을 확인하기 위해 주기적으로 감지해빈의 지형측량을 수행하였다. 감지해빈의 자갈퇴적물은 서쪽에서 동쪽으로 갈수록 평균 −6.2Φ에서 −5.4Φ로 세립해지며, 해안선의 수직방향으로는 포말대(swash zone)에서 상대적으로 세립한 구형의 퇴적물(−4.5Φ)이, 범(berm)에서는 상대적으로 조립하고 편평한 퇴적물(−5Φ - −6Φ)이 나타난다. 감지 자갈해빈은 특징적으로 2열의 범을 갖는데, 해빈의 전방에 정상조건에서 형성되는 하부 범(lower berm)과 약 10 m 후방에 상부 범(upper berm)이 존재한다. 태풍 콩레이 내습 후 감지해빈은 육지쪽에 위치한 상부 범에서 약 1.4 m의 침식이 발생하여 상부 범이 사라졌고, 상부 범의 배후지에서는 평균 약 50 cm 침식되어 그 고도가 낮아졌으나, 하부 범에서의 침식은 관찰되지 않았다. 한편 상대적으로 위력이 약한 태풍 다나스의 경우, 내습 직후 감지해빈은 하부 범과 상부 범에서 침식이 발생하여 평균 80 cm 높이의 퇴적물이 침식되었으나, 반면 배후지에서는 50 cm 높이의 퇴적이 확인되었다. 하지만 내습 후 하부 범에서 빠른 속도로 퇴적이 발생하여 내습 약 3일내에 소실되었던 하부 범이 생성되었다. 이러한 결과는 감지 자갈해빈이 태풍에 의한 지형변화가 일시적으로 발생하지만, 이후 정상조건에서 태풍 이전의 지형으로 매우 빠르게 회복됨을 시사한다. 따라서 자갈해빈의 경우 태풍침식에 대한 복원력이 매우 뛰어나다고 평가된다.

유니버설디자인 원리에 따른 해수욕장 편의시설 실태조사

조영행(Cho, Young-Hang),장정안(Jang, Jung-An) 대한건축학회 2013 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.29 No.2

The purpose of the study is the evaluation of the beach public facilities located in Busan through using universal design principles. The methods of the study are literature study, field study, and photos. The field study was done during June and July 2011. Additional study was finished on August 2011 to supplement the data. The result of the study is that very low percentage of the public facilities in five beaches in Busan(Haeundae beach 66%, Gwang-an beach 64%, Songdo beach 61%, Songjung beach 59%, Dadaepo beach 52%) is shown. Especially, guidance(33%), a makeshift stage/beach(39%), and others(35%) indicated very low percentage. Each beach showed the following fields under fifty percentage; Haeundae beach-shower/locker room 49% and a makeshift stage/beach 55%, Gwangan beach-guidance 52% and others 44%, Songjung beach- guidance 37%, others 39%, shower/locker room 56%, and a makeshift stage/beach 57%, Songdo beach-others 37%, transportation 49%, a makeshift stage/beach 55%, and guidance 57%, Dadaepo beach-guidance 33%, a makeshift stage/beach 39%, others 39%, and walkway 52%. Therefore, the improvement and supplementation of these fields are immediately needed. Parking lots for five beachs are shown in particular beach areas causing traffic jam around the beach and approach congestion to the beach. This is threaten to the disabled to approach the beach and shown to safety problem to the disabled. Conclusion is that the necessary of multi-story parking lots for the beach and consideration of universal design concept in the public facilities are positively required.

제주지역 해수욕장 품질에 대한 이용객들의 지각과 만족

정승훈 ( Seung Hoon Chung ),김문성 ( Moon Sung Kim ) 대한관광경영학회 2010 觀光硏究 Vol.25 No.5

본 연구의 목적은 첫째, 해수욕장 품질 중 어떠한 품질요인이 관광객만족에 영향을 주는지 알아보고자 한다. 둘째, 인구통계학적 특성과 이용객 특성에 따라 해수욕장 품질인식의 차이점을 파악하고자 한다. 마지막으로 도출된 연구결과를 토대로 향후 해수욕장 이용객의 만족도 향상을 위한 유용한 관리정보를 제공하는 것이다. 본 연구는 제주도 이호, 중문, 표선 해수욕장을 방문한 내국인 관광객을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 조사는 2009년 8월 21일-23일까지 해수욕장 개장기간내에 자기기입식 설문지를 이용하여 개별 면접조사방식으로 진행하였다. 시사점으로는 첫째, 해수욕장 품질을 본 연구에서는 9가지 요인(시설, 환경성, 수상스포츠, 물리성, 서비스수준과 안락함, 소음과 혼잡도, 지형성, 안전성, 편리성)으로 세분화되었다. 둘째, 개별 해수욕장에 내재된 특성에 따라 해수욕장 품질에 대한 이용객의 인식차이가 있다는 것이다. 수상스포츠는 중문해수욕장, 안전성은 이호해수욕장이 우수하다고 인식하고 있었다. 셋째, 이용객 만족에 영향을 미치는 해수욕장 품질로는 서비스수준과 안락함, 안전성, 환경성 요인으로 나타났다. 이는 해수욕장에 하드웨어적인 시설을 갖추는 것도 중요하지만, 해수욕장 관리를 체계적으로 할 경우 개선이 가능한 소프트웨어적인 요소가 이용객 만족에 더 큰 영향을 미친다는 것을 의미한다. This paper examined beach users` perception on beach quality and satisfaction in Jeju Island. Three beaches such as Leeho, Jungmoon, and Pyosun were selected for this study, because they are obviously representative beaches of Jeju Island. Personal interview method using self-administered questionnaires was used to collect the data, including beach users` perceived assessment and satisfaction of those beaches. The field survey was conducted three days during the 2009 summer peak seasons. The results are as follows: First, this study was divided 9 factors(facility, environment, water sports, physical property, service level and comfort, noise and congestion, topography, safety, convenience) at beach quality. Second, facility, water sports, convenience were the most significant impact on the beach users` overall satisfaction. In addition, the beach users` perceptions of quality and satisfaction were not only influenced by the specific characteristics of each beach, but also depended on the diverse features of beach users. The findings suggest that the development of sustainable beach management strategies should be based on beach characteristics and different tourism markets.

혼합해빈의 퇴적물 분포 특성과 미지형 경관변화 -태안해안국립공원 파도리 해빈을 중심으로-

이원영 ( Won Young Lee ),성효현 ( Hyo Hyun Sung ) 한국지형학회 2013 한국지형학회지 Vol.20 No.4

파도리 해빈은 우리나라의 대표적인 혼합해빈으로써 태안해안국립공원에 속하며 다양한 미지형 경관의 변화가 나타나는 해빈이다. 본 연구의 목적은 소산형 저조간석지와 반사형 비치페이스로 이루어진 5~7m의 대조차 혼합해빈인 파도리 해빈의 퇴적물 분포 특성을 미지형과의 관계를 통해 이동 매커니즘을 밝히고 파랑조건과 조석조건에 따른 미지형 경관변화의 양상을 파악하는 것이다. 연구 결과 첫째, 남부에서 북부로갈수록 퇴적물 입도가 작아지는 경향성을 보였으며 해빈 남부에 넓게 펼쳐진 파식대가 해식애와 함께 주요한 퇴적물의 기원임을 알 수 있다. 파도리 해빈의 비치페이스와 범의 퇴적물 분포와 해빈을 가로지르는 방향과연안 방향으로 일정한 입도 분포의 경향성을 보이는 것에 대해서는 선별운반작용으로 설명할 수 있다. 둘째, 혼합해빈의 미지형 경관변화의 주요한 원인에는 파랑과 조석이 있으며, 저파랑 환경에서 범이 발달하고 상부비치페이스에 비치 커습이 나타나는 반면 고파랑 환경에서 범의 규모가 작아지고 상부 비치페이스의 퇴적물은 혼합되는 경향을 보인다. Padori beach is one of the representative composite mixed beach in Korea and shows divert geomorphic landscape change. It belongs to the Taean National Park. The purpose of this study is to clarify movement mechanism of sediments from sediment distribution of Padori beach associated with morphology. In addition, it is to explain morphological landscape change under different wave and tide condition in the composite mixed beach consisting of a dissipative low tide terrace and a reflective beach face with a high tide range of 5 to 7m. The results of this study are: First, the mean grain size of sediments becomes smaller from the south of the beach, where there is a wide wave-cut platform, to the north because gravels are supplied from the wave-cut platform as well as sea-cliff in the south of the beach. A sedimentation pattern of the sandy gravel on the beach face and gravel on the berm, and gradation phenomena of grain size on cross-shore and alongshore direction in the beach can be explained with a pattern of sediment movement, overpassing, in the composite mixed beach. Second, microtopography on beach face and berm were changed depending on effects of wave height and tide. As a result, in low-wave energy environments, a berm is developed in large size, and beach cusps are formed on the upper beach face, while in high-wave energy environments, a berm is built up in relatively small size, and mixture of sediments occur on the upper beach face.

XBEACH 모형에 의한 해운대 해수욕장 양빈후의 해빈류 특성 변화

강태순(Tae-Soon Kang),박명원(Myeong-Won Park),김진석(Jin-Seok Kim),이종섭(Jong-Sup Lee) 한국해양공학회 2016 韓國海洋工學會誌 Vol.30 No.6

In this study, to predict the effect of beach nourishment at Haeundae Beach, the waves and wave-induced currents were compared before and after beach nourishment using the XBEACH model. Representative wave conditions were determined for the data observed during 2014 (KHOA). Then, the Hs,max and Hs,1/10 values, and their prevalent directions, were used in the numerical modeling input data. A variable grid system was used for the 5 km × 2.5 km model areas, and irregular waves based on the JONSWAP spectrum were given as incident wave conditions. In the summer season, eastward wave-induced currents were developed along the beach by the incident wave direction. Before the beach nourishment, the maximum speed around the surf zone was 1.2–1.5 m/s in the central zone of the beach, whereas the maximum speed increased to 1.4–1.6 m/s at the same areas when the currents toward Mipo Harbor were blocked as an effect of the groins after the beach nourishment. In the winter season, westward wave-induced currents were developed along the beach by the incident wave direction. After the beach nourishment, the maximum current speed increased slightly around the surf zone in the central area of the beach, and the littoral current speed decreased at the submerged breakwaters located at Dongbaek Island. As a result, after the beach nourishment, the maximum wave-induced currents increased about 10% in the surf zone of the central area of the beach.