연안역 정밀공간격자를 이용한 연안재해위험평가

강태순,김수민,김명원,이화영,정광영,서광호 해양환경안전학회 2024 해양환경안전학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2024 No.11

중요도·성취도 분석을 통한 주민자치형 유아숲체험장 효용성 평가 - 서울시 금천구를 사례로 -

강태순,이명우,Kang, Taesun,Lee, Myungwoo 한국조경학회 2015 한국조경학회지 Vol.43 No.2

This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of the forest experience center for children led by the local community as experiential management for forest kindergarten education. For this, an importance and performance analysis was conducted on the forest experience center for children in Geumcheon-gu, which, of the 12 forest experience center for kids in Seoul, is the only one led by the local community. The questionnaire sheet for the analysis consisted of a total of 36 questions, 20 about place facility areas and 16 about management program areas(including 6 questions about the management led by the local community). The questionnaire survey was done during the period between January 12th and January 19th, 2015. The participants in the survey consisted of 15 forest education specialists and 50 teachers from 19 kindergartens who participated in the forest experience program. The number of questionnaire sheets collected and used for analysis was 13 copies and 43 copies, respectively. The mean values of importance and performance on the place facility areas were 4.07 and 3.78 for forest education specialists, and 4.16 and 3.84 for kindergarten teachers, respectively. The mean values of importance and performance regarding the management program area were 4.38 and 4.16 for forest education specialists, and 4.40 and 4.00 for kindergarten teachers, respectively. Both groups evaluated the place facility areas lower than the management program areas. They also evaluated performance lower than importance. In place facility area, 'accessibility', 'safety' and 'connectivity to forest trail', 'loose parts' and 'safety facilities' were required to 'keep up the good work', because they showed higher importance and performance in place facility areas. Even though most items of management as led by the local community including 'forest experience activity support' were evaluated as 'important', some, including 'effort for local revitalization', were evaluated as low in performance. However, as they were evaluated as higher in importance, if they pursue 'concentrate here', it is expected that they will be evaluated as higher in performance. In addition, considering that program areas including 'forest education specialist's role' are labeled under the management led by the local community, it reflected a positive evaluation. As a result, management led by the local community is efficient as a management system for the forest experience center for children in an experiential forest kindergarten education. Going forward, if this management system is durable in 'keep up the good work' and 'concentrate here', the forest experience center for children led by the local community will be an alternative for an effective experiential forest kindergarten education.

유아숲체험장의 환경특성에 따른 유아놀이 행태분석

강태순,이명우,정문선,Kang, Taesun,Lee, Myungwoo,Jeong, Moonsun 한국조경학회 2016 한국조경학회지 Vol.44 No.6

The experience and play activities in forest spaces have played an effective role in children's growth and development, therefore, many studies and projects related to forest activity space have progressed actively. However, the focus of previous research has been merely on the effectiveness of forest activity but little on providing the basis for the spatial design of these types of forest activity spaces. Thus, this study aims to identify the relationship between children's developmental play activity and the physical characteristics of forest activity spaces for evidence-based design. First of all, indicators for Cognitive-Social play(CSP) was selected and forest spaces were categorize into play facility spaces and forest spaces. More detailed environmental characteristics of each space were 'play area' and 'paving materials' for play facilities and 'density of tree and shrub', 'slope', 'paving materials' and 'fixing and type of natural loose parts' for forest space. Through environmental inventory and behavior observation, the types of play behaviors and the occurrence frequency of children aged four to five were collected and analyzed. The results were as follows: 1) In play facility spaces, play behaviors occurred at a high frequency at the facility playground with play facilities and sand area. In terms of CSP, functional-solitary and functional-parallel plays occurred predominantly. 2) In forest spaces, various play behaviors occurred at high frequency in the environment with low density planting and various natural loose parts. For CSP, functional-group and symbolic-group plays occurred at a high frequency. 3) Symbolic-group play appeared to be highly affected by environmental characteristics like tree area of scatter density or less, 10~20 degree slope, and the presence of fixed large stumps. In conclusion, this study provides standards of physical environmental characteristics for forest activity space design through direct observation and analysis of children's play behaviors.

복수의 태풍내습에 의한 해운대 해수욕장 침식변화특성

강태순,이종섭,김종범,김종규 해양환경안전학회 2019 해양환경안전학회지 Vol.25 No.7

In this study, we analyzed the erosion variation of beach area at Haeundae Beach after coastal improvement project using video monitoring system operated by the Coastal Erosion Monitoring (Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries). Haeundae Beach was well maintained and stabilized following large scale nourishment through coastal improvement project despite of seasonal fluctuations. However, multiple typhoons over the last two years caused beach stabilization patterns and seasonal fluctuations to lost equilibrium, resulting in rapid erosion. In particular, the sandy beach was eroded by typhoon Solic and Kongray in 2018 and failed to recover beach area in winter by seasonal fluctuations. And due to multiple typhoons in 2019, the beach area was reduced 9.5% (12,607m2) year-on-year. According to analyze the observed wave and beach area data in Haeundae, the tendency of erosion and sedimentation was influenced by seasonal incident wave direction for each section(west, center and east part). Therefore, to identify the causes of decreasing seasonal fluctuation characteristics and continuous erosion, hereafter, more precise monitoring of different factors are needed, such as the crest heights of submerged breakwater and its loss of function, and sand leakage to the outside around submerged breakwater. 본 연구에서는 해양수산부 연안침식 실태조사에서 운영 중인 해운대 해수욕장 비디오 모니터링 시스템을 이용하여 연안정비사업 실시 이후의 백사장 면적변화를 분석하였다. 해운대 해수욕장은 연안정비사업을 통한 대규모 양빈이후 계절변동 특성과 함께 해빈안정화 과정을 거치면서 잘 유지되었으나, 최근 2년간 복수의 태풍 내습에 의하여 해운대 해수욕장의 계절변동특성 및 해빈안정화 양상은 균형을 상실하였으며, 급격한 침식이 발생하였다. 특히, 2018년 태풍 솔릭, 콩레이에 의해 침식된 백사장은 계절변동에 의한 겨울철 해빈면적을 회복하지 못하였으며, 2019년에 내습한 다수의 태풍들로 인하여 해빈면적이 전년 대비 9.5%(12,607m2) 감소하였다. 해운대 해빈 전면에서 관측된 파랑자료와 해빈면적자료를 분석한 결과, 계절에 따른 입사파향에 따라 백사장의 서측, 중앙부, 동측의 침퇴적 경향이 뚜렷이 나타났다. 향후에는 계절변동특성의 둔화와 지속적인 침식경향이 나타나는 원인을 파악하기 위해 잠제 시설물의 마루높이, 기능유지 여부 및 잠제 외부로의 모래유출추적 등 보다 정밀한 모니터링이 필요하다.

유아숲체험장의 이용후 평가

강태순,이명우,정문선,Kang, Tae-Sun,Lee, Myung-Woo,Jeong, Moon-Sun 한국조경학회 2017 한국조경학회지 Vol.45 No.2

Due to the positive effect of forest space for child development, the creation and operation of forest activity space of various organizations is increasing in quantity; however, the research on practical space design and management program is insufficient. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the space and management programs of the forest experience centers through the post-occupancy evaluation of teachers and preschoolers participating in forest activities. To do this, we analyzed the selected twelve sites through field survey, class observation, and interviews with forest education specialists, and then surveyed 115 forest education experts and childcare teachers for importance, performance, overall satisfaction, and space preference. In addition, we accessed overall satisfaction and space preference of twenty-nine preschoolers through interviews, photo-simulation, and questionnaires. As a result, the importance and performance of management program area was rated higher than the spatial characteristics area. In terms of group comparison, the group with active structured program rated two areas higher than the groups with free play. Preschoolers with structured programs preferred facility space, but preschoolers with free play preferred nature. Two preschooler groups rated forest activity as satisfactory. Based on the analysis results: 1) The composition of the forest activity space should ensure accessibility, safety, diversity of diversity, water space, connect to the forest road, and secure various terrains, trees, and natural materials; 2) The management program should ensure that forest activity programs have the proportional balance of structural programs and free play; also. management programs should plan for sufficient free playtime and a high share of play in the forest; and 3) Ensure the role and expertise of forestry specialists and run a program to increase the autonomy of preschoolers.

유아참여 워크숍을 통한 숲놀이 활동 및 공간 요소의 도출에 관한 연구

강태순 한국조경학회 2018 한국조경학회지 Vol.46 No.5

Recently, user participatory workshops have been applied as a way to plan landscape spaces that reflects the needsand demands of the users. It is also required to improve the quality of the FECC (Forest Experience Center for Children),which is growing rapidly. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to deduct the design elements (forest play activities andspace), the basic needs, and the demands of users in making the FECC a preschooler participatory workshop. For this,materials for preschooler participation were selected, and a step-by-step workshop was conducted to satisfy the demandsof the preschooler’s development. First, in the pre-workshops phase, design elements standards were deducted through thepreschooler participatory results (41 children aged 6 and 7, Kindergarten). Second, in the main workshop phase, the designelements to be introduced on the site (Songsan-mulbit FECC) were deducted through the participating preschooler’s selectionand those results were analyzed. The materials used at the preschooler participatory process were ‘drawing a picture’ inthe pre-workshop phase, and the design elements and the standard types charts were the forest play activity pictogramchart, and the forest play space general images chart in the main workshop. As for results, frst, there are 38 standard types of forest play activities that have been deducted. It consists of 27cognitive activities (functional 16, constructive 4, symbolic 4, game on rule 3), 9 games (sensory 5, other 4), and twosocial play activities (solo, group). There are 21 standard types of forest play spaces. They consist of 8 play facility spaces(5 facility, 3 natural), 2 water spaces, and 11 spaces of 5 types. Second, as a result of applying the results to the site,the forest play activities to be introduced on the site were selected, and the functional play was most selected. Additionally,climbing and water play were most selected as the unit activities. Also, functional, constructive, symbolic, games basedon rules were selected, even in the preschooler’s development play. In the case of the forest play spaces to be introducedin the site, the preschooler’s selection results by sex and age tended to be similar to the preschooler’s comprehensive selectionresults, but the boys preferred function and adventure spaces more than the girls, while the girls preferred rest spaces morethan the boys. This result is similar to the previous study results, which directly observed the preschooler’s forest play behavior, and analysis that the preschooler recognized the site and selected the design elements introduced on the site. Therefore, the participatory workshop process and the materials process in this study are analyzed and applied to the purposeof the study. It is valuable as a case to be applied in design of the FECC from this point forward. 최근 사용자의 필요와 요구가 반영된 조경공간계획을 위한 방법으로 사용자 참여 워크숍이 적용되고 있다. 또한,빠른 속도로 증가하고 있는 유아숲체험원의 조성에 대한 질적 향상이 요구되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 유아숲체험원을 조성함에 있어 사용자의 기본적인 필요와 요구를 담은 계획요소(숲놀이 활동과 공간)를 유아참여 워크숍을 통해도출하는 것에 있다. 이를 위해 유아발달상의 요구가 충족된 유아 참여디자인 주요 도구를 선정하고, 단계별 워크숍을수행하였다. 첫 번째, 사전 워크숍단계에서 유아참여(K유치원 6, 7세 통합반 41명)의 결과를 통해 계획요소의 표준유형을도출하였다. 두 번째, 본 워크숍단계에서 대상지(송산물빛유아숲체험원)에 도입할 계획요소를 참여유아(사전워크숍참여유아)들의 선택을 통해 도출하고, 그 과정과 결과를 분석하였다. 유아 참여과정에서 사용된 도구는 사전워크숍에서‘그림그리기’, 본 워크숍에서 계획요소 표준유형 차트(숲놀이활동 픽토그램 차트, 숲놀이공간 실사이미지 차트)이다. 그 결과, 첫 번째 도출된 숲놀이 활동의 표준유형은 38개이다. 인지놀이 27개(기능 16, 구성 4, 상징 4, 규칙 있는게임 3), 기타 놀이 9개(감각(탐색) 5, 기타 4), 사회놀이 2개(혼자, 집단) 유형으로 구성된다. 숲놀이 공간의 표준유형은21개이다. 놀이시설 공간 8개(시설 5개, 자연 3개), 수공간 2개 외 5 공간 11개로 구성된다. 두 번째, 대상지에 적용한결과, 대상지 내 도입할 숲놀이 활동은 전체적으로는 기능놀이가, 단위활동으로는 오르기와 물놀이가 가장 많이 선택되었다. 또한 유아발달놀이 측면에서는 기능, 구성, 상징, 규칙 있는 게임, 기타 놀이가 고르게 선택되었다. 대상지 내 도입할숲놀이 공간의 경우, 유아의 성별 나이별 선택결과는 유아의 전체 선택 결과와 비슷한 경향을 보이나, 남아는 여아보다신체, 모험 등의 기능놀이공간을, 여아는 남아보다 쉼터공간을 더 선호하는 것으로 분석되었다. 이 결과는 유아의 숲놀이행태에 대하여 직접 관찰한 선행연구의 결과와 유사하였으며, 유아들이 대상지를 인지하고, 대상지 내에 도입할 계획요소를 선택한 것으로 분석된다. 따라서 본 연구에서의 참여디자인 워크숍 과정과 과정별 도구들은 연구의 목적에 맞게 구축․적용된 것으로 파악되며, 향후 유아숲체험원 조성계획 시 적용할 수 있는 사례로서 가치가 있다.

생태면적률 적용을 통한 도시 내 벽면녹화의 지역적 효과 분석 - 서울시 중구를 사례로 -

강태순,이명우,Kang, Tae-Sun,Lee, Myung-Woo 한국조경학회 2014 한국조경학회지 Vol.42 No.5

The purpose of the study is to analyze the regional effectiveness of wall-plantings by applying a biotope area ratio when wall-plantings are constructed in high density areas. For this, this study required a sample of the wall-planting's regional plan. Therefore, types of wall-planting were determined and applied to a sample site. Four types of wall-plantings were developed by formative features and functional features. Type "A" had simple and functional features, Type "B" had both mixed and functional features, Type "C" had both simple and landscape features and Type "D" had mixed and landscape features. Jung-gu District in Seoul was chosen as the sample site. Total investigations were performed three times for three months from June to August, 2011. Total green-able walls were located in 498 places with a total length of 8,449m and gross vertical area of $23,754.90m^2$. The classification results of total green-able walls by the four types were Type "A" at $1,936.65m^2$, Type "B" at $5,875.30m^2$, Type "C" at $12,487.85m^2$ and Type "D" at $3,455.10m^2$. This study analyzed how all facade areas of the green-able walls impacted the biotope area ratio at the site. First, the biotope area ratio regarding all the zones in Jung-gu District was defined as the gross biotope area ratio while the biotope area ratio regarding all of the artificial zones was defined as the net biotope area ratio. In the case of the gross biotope area ratio, 17.97% is current ration with a projected increase to 0.10% after wall-planting. In the case of the net biotope area ratio, 4.73% is the current ration with a projected increase to 0.11% after wall-planting. This 0.11% is about 2.28% of 4.73%. This study looks at all wall-plantings that have been constructed throughout a high density area to observe their impact on the improvement of ecological function therein. With consideration of the landscape value of the facade, the regional effectiveness of wall-planting is expected to increase even more.

휠체어 장애인 이동경로 개선방안 연구

강태순,김신원 인간식물환경학회 2004 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.7 No.1

The ultimate goal of this study is to establish the movement rights of the disabled. Different from the existing studies related to facilities that investigate the actual conditions of can be usedand ‘cannot be used’, the results of this study give convenience when moving within the outdoor space of cultural facilities by providing direct information for the disabled, let the relevant people of the cultural facility to understand the facility that was wrongly established and play the role of a guide for adjusting the grasped facility.The head of facility shall establish the facility for the disabled to move the shortest distance for use of public buildings and public facilities. According to the convenience promotion law, the parts of facility that are established according to the movement paths cannot be regulated. The movement path should be guaranteed not to be violated by other obstacles to insure real movement rights.In this study, all paths possible for movement were investigated and analyzed, through direct experience for the wheelchair disabled only. Also, the current shortest movement path was developed and this path was more pleasant physically. The results can be of help for the wheelchair disabled who use the facilities for the first time and can become the foundation of developing a law that guarantees the movement path itself. If such law is developed, circulation plan that the disabled and aged use has to be clear when planning any facility and on the path that needs to be improved, there should be continuous maintenance on the sloping roads, entrances and exits, stairs and elevators for safe and convenient use.

Beach Area Changes and Resilience of the Eastern Coasts Before and After Typhoon Goni

강태순,유호준,김기현 한국해양공학회 2024 한국해양공학회지 Vol.38 No.5

<i>Due to climate change, waves have become increasingly stronger, making the analysis of beach changes before and after typhoons crucial for addressing beach erosion. This study utilized low-cost, high-efficiency video monitoring to analyze beach changes at 14 locations along Korea's east coast before and after typhoon impacts. Shorelines were extracted from 180 s average orthoimages using the Pixel Intensity Moving Average Extraction technique, and beach areas were calculated. The study focused on the recovery period following typhoon-induced erosion. During Typhoon Goni (2015), erosion reached up to 38% at Bongpo Beach, with a maximum affected area of 7,741 m² at Goraebul Beach. Post-typhoon recovery exceeded 89%, with most beaches returning to pre-typhoon conditions. The erosion period averaged 7 d, while recovery took approximately 27 d. Erosion was significantly influenced by natural forces such as waves, tides, and wind. The erosion period showed minimal correlation with wave energy, whereas the recovery period exhibited some correlation. Further long-term analysis, incorporating additional wave data and typhoon impact periods, is needed. Future research will aim to collect extensive typhoon data to systematically analyze erosion and recovery cycles in relation to external forces.</i> Due to climate change, waves have become increasingly stronger, making the analysis of beach changes before and after typhoons crucial for addressing beach erosion. This study utilized low-cost, high-efficiency video monitoring to analyze beach changes at 14 locations along Korea's east coast before and after typhoon impacts. Shorelines were extracted from 180 s average orthoimages using the Pixel Intensity Moving Average Extraction technique, and beach areas were calculated. The study focused on the recovery period following typhoon-induced erosion. During Typhoon Goni (2015), erosion reached up to 38% at Bongpo Beach, with a maximum affected area of 7,741 m2 at Goraebul Beach. Post-typhoon recovery exceeded 89%, with most beaches returning to pre-typhoon conditions. The erosion period averaged 7 d, while recovery took approximately 27 d. Erosion was significantly influenced by natural forces such as waves, tides, and wind. The erosion period showed minimal correlation with wave energy, whereas the recovery period exhibited some correlation. Further long-term analysis, incorporating additional wave data and typhoon impact periods, is needed. Future research will aim to collect extensive typhoon data to systematically analyze erosion and recovery cycles in relation to external forces.

참여디자인을 통한 운동장녹화형 학교숲 설계안 도출에 관한 연구 - 여수양지초등학교를 대상으로 -

강태순 전북대학교 부설 휴양및경관계획연구소 2024 휴양및경관연구 (J East Asian Landscape Studies) Vol.18 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 여수양지초등학교를 대상으로 참여디자인을 통하여 기존의 운동장 기능과 함께 친환경숲 놀이 학습이 공존하고 이용자 요구에 부합하는 운동장녹화형 학교숲 설계안을 도출하는 것이다. 이를 위해 참여디자인 과정 및 도구 운동장녹화형 학교숲의 도입요소에 관한 이론적 고찰을 통해 참여디자인 워크숍 과정을 9단계로 진행하였다. 1단계는 48명의 학생을 대상으로 하였고 2단계~9단계는 학생21명(1단계 참여)을 대상으로 진행하였으며 필요에 따라 전교 학생 및 교직원 학부모를 대상으로 진행하였다. 2단계에서 그림그리기와 설문을 통해 운동장녹화형 학교숲이 ‘자연공간형’, ‘모험놀이공간형’, ‘커뮤니티공간형’으로 구분되고 유형별 세부공간이 도출되었다 세 유형은 각각 대안 1, 2, 3의 주제가 되어 3단계에서 배정된 팀에 의하여 모델화되었다. 대안 1은 생태연못과 생태숲을 중심으로 대안 2는 트리하우스와 목재 모험놀이시설을 중심으로 대안 3은 잔디광장, 커뮤니티공간 쉼터 중심으로 디자인되었다. 4단계에서 전 학생 및 교직원 투표를 통해 대안 2가 최종 구상안으로 선정되었고 6~8단계의 우수사례지 체험 및 피드백단계와 마지막 추진운영위원회와의 피드백 과정을 통해 최종설계안을 도출하였다 본 연구결과인 운동장녹화형 학교숲의 최종 설계안은 학교숲의 주요기능인 생태성 자연성 환경성 교육성과 운동장의 주요 기능인 체력단련 놀이 학교행사 지역과의 소통 등의 복합문화기능을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다 향후 최종 설계안에 대하여 운동장 녹화형 학교숲 설계안으로서의 우수사례 및 효과성을 객관적으로 평가할 수 있는 ‘이용후 평가’가 후속연구로 진행될 예정이다. The purpose of this study is to derive a masterplan for a playground-greened type school forest at Yeosu Yangji Elementary School through a participatory design. This aims to integrate the existing functions of the playground with an ecological forest where play and learning coexist, while aligning with user needs. "The study process involved a nine- phase participatory design workshop, developed based on a literature review of participatory design tools and the key elements of playground-greened type school forests. The 1st phase engaged 48 students. The subsequent phases, starting from 2nd to 9th involved 21 students (who participated in the 1st phase) and expanded to include all students, school staff, and parents as necessary. During the 2nd phase, drawings and surveys categorized the playground-greened type school forest into three types: 'nature space type,' 'adventure play space type,' and 'community space type' with detailed spaces identified for each. These types were designed through the modeling work of designated teams in the 3rd phase as Alternatives 1, 2, and 3. Alternative 1 focused on an ecological pond and forest; Alternative 2 centered on a treehouse and wooden adventure play facilities; and Alternative 3emphasized a grass plaza, community spaces, and rest areas. In the 4th phase, a school-wide vote led to the selection of the 'treehouse adventure play school forest'(Alt. 2) as the final design. This design was then developed into the final masterplan through three feedback phases (6th to 8th) involving students, parents, and staff." The final masterplan is expected to enhance the ecological, natural, environmental, and educational functions of the school forest while improving the playground's multifaceted cultural roles, including physical exercise, play, school events, and community interaction. Regarding the final master plan, a post-occupancy evaluation will be conducted as a follow-up study to objectively assess the effectiveness and best practices of the playground-greened type school forest design.