대중 매체 언어 연구의 목적과 방향

이정복(Lee, Jeong-bok) 한국어문학회 2014 語文學 Vol.0 No.124

Mass media such as newspaper, broadcasting and internet are the necessary companions of mankind and no longer inseparable from them in modern life. Language use in mass media leads people’s life to fun and lively condition. At the same time, it has powerful force to bring about linguistic changes. The internet as a multi-functional media has especially brought revolutionary changes in the way of language use. In this situation, various researches on the mass media language are increasing in Korea. In this paper, we review the recent research trends on the mass media language in Korea, and consider the purposes and directions of the study on it. Firstly, in section 2, the relationship between media development and language use is described. The fact is pointed that a new media is contributing to the improvement of people’s communication, and influence language use and linguistic change. In section 3, we review the recent research trends on mass media language. In quantitative terms, the studies on the language of internet media are accounted for a higher proportion more than studies on the language of print media or broadcasting media. The accesses to the study on media language are divided into three types as the normative approach, the descriptive/functional approach and the critical approach. The descriptive/functional approach is the main part of the study. In section 4, we suggest directions for the future research on the mass media language. First, the normative research should proceed considering the environmental particularity of the mass media. Second, the study on the mass media language should be carrying out to enrich the system of everyday language. Third, the language use in mass media should be described taking into account the various contexts or environments of mass media. Fourth, the critical study on the social functions of language in mass media should be increased.

대중매체 언어와 국어 음운론 연구

한성우(Sung-Woo, Han) 어문연구학회 2008 어문연구 Vol.58 No.-

This paper has its purpose on depicting characteristics of mass media language and finding out the desirable attitude researchers should take towards it. Characteristics of Mass media language 1. Mirror and Attic : Mass media composes itself with the characteristics of a mirror : reflecting everyday language, and with that of an attic : conserving language of a particular period of time. Based on the properties of mirrors, researchers study mass media language as part of Korean language, and thoroughly study languages of the past based on the property of an attic. 2. Copy-cat and Disturber : Mass media is comprised of character of a copycat : copying negative sides of everyday language and with that of a disturber : spoiling everyday language, Due to these properties, negative aspects of mass media language have been embossed in the studies made so far. 3. Protector and Guide : Mass media composes itself with characteristics of a protector : preserving our own language and with that of a guide : leading our language to a desirable direction. Because of these properties it has been stressed that mass media language follows a standard rule and become a right word. Current Attitude towards Mass media language 1. A vigorous schoolmaster : Many Korean linguist have bitterly criticized the problems aroused by mass media language. This attitude criticizes the characteristics of a copy-cat and disturber the mass media shows, and stressing on the roles of a protector and a guide. 2.Swift erudite : Recent researchers have progressed on a variety of Korean researches on mass media. This attitude focuses on the characteristics of a mirror and an attic the mass media has. 3. Inconsiderate spectator : Some researchers have not put much interest on mass media and it's language. This attitude reflects that they think mass media language neither as an object for a research nor a target for criticism and correction. Directions of Korean Phonemics Research toward mass media language 1. Open schoolmaster : Korean linguist should treat mass media language based on the features of mass media and the intrinsic attribute of language. Thus an open schoolmaster should study due to intrinsic principles of language and use this result to advise mass media to an admittable extent. 2. Diligent erudite : Korean linguist should study mass media language in an accurate and organised manner. Thus they should be able to collect and organize various data from mass media and accurately analyze it. 3. Constructive spectator : Korean linguist should show a positive attitude to solve problems aroused in the mass media language area. They should communicate right knowledge and viewpoint to people engaged in mass media language and give appropriate advice when making exams and programs.

포스트 소비에트 시기 러시아 대중매체 언어와 러시아 표준어의 상관성에 관한 사변적 논의

김용화 한국노어노문학회 2023 노어노문학 Vol.35 No.4

포스트 소비에트 시기, 러시아 정치·경제 체제의 일대 전환과 글로벌 현상으로서 뉴미디어시기의 도래가 맞물리며, 사회문화의 전면에 대두된 대중문화, 그리고 언어생활의 중심에 위치하게 된 대중 소통의 양상이 전례 없는 방식으로 전개되었다. 또한 대중문화에 대한 엘리트 문화와 대중 소통 언어에 대한 표준어의 관계 및 위상에 균열이 생기기 시작하였다. 본고는 포스트 소비에트 시기, 러시아 대중매체 언어(язык СМИ)와 러시아 표준어의 상관관계, 그리고 현대러시아어에서 대중매체 언어의 위치 및 역할에 관한 논의이다. 소비에트 시기의 ‘저널리즘체 ⊂ 대중매체를 매개로 한 표준어 ⊂ 표준어 ⊂ 러시아어’ 관계가 포스트 소비에트 시기에 ‘저널리즘체 ⊂ 표준어 ⊂ 대중매체 언어 ⊂ 러시아어’로 이행하였다는 것이 본고의 기본 가설이자 결론이다. 본고는 대중매체 언어의 기능을 ‘대중성, 공통성, 평균성, 통합성’으로 규정하고, 대중매체 언어의 가장 중요한 자질은 사용의 고빈도성이며, 이와 더불어 조어 구축망과 어휘결합력 역시 주요 자질로 보았다. 21세기 뉴미디어 시기는 언중 및 언어생할에서 기능이 축소되고 위상이 약화한 표준어의 시효성과 상징성에 관해 숙고하며, 평균적 소통을 지향하는 대중매체 언어를 기반으로 한 공통어(общий язык) 중심의 언어 정책에 대한 논의가 이루어져야 할 시점이다. As a major transformation of the Russian political and economic system and the advent of the new media period as a global phenomenon became interconnected in the post-Soviet period, popular culture, which came to the fore of social culture, and public communication, which came to be at the center of linguistic, developed in an unprecedented way, and cracks began to appear in the relationship and status of elite culture with respect to popular culture, and literary language with respect to the language of mass communication. This paper discusses the correlation between Russian mass media language and Russian literary language in the post-Soviet period, and the position and role of mas media language in modern Russian. The conclusion of this paper is that the relationship among “journalistic style ⊂ literary language of the mass media ⊂ literary language ⊂ Russian” during the Soviet period transitioned to “journalistic style ⊂ literary language ⊂ mass media language ⊂ Russian” in the post-Soviet period. This study defines the functions of mass media language as “popularity, commonality, averageness, and integration,” and the most important quality of mass media language as high frequency of use. In addition, lexical construction network and lexical cohesion are also important qualities of mass media language. The 21st century new media period is a time to reflect on the validity and symbolism of literary language, whose function and status has been weakened in speech and language life, and on language policies centered on a common language based on mass media language aimed at average communication.

포스트 소비에트 시기 러시아 대중매체 언어와 러시아 표준어의 상관성에 관한 사변적 논의

김용화(Yongwha Kim) 한국노어노문학회 2023 노어노문학 Vol.35 No.4

As a major transformation of the Russian political and economic system and the advent of the new media period as a global phenomenon became interconnected in the post-Soviet period, popular culture, which came to the fore of social culture, and public communication, which came to be at the center of linguistic, developed in an unprecedented way, and cracks began to appear in the relationship and status of elite culture with respect to popular culture, and literary language with respect to the language of mass communication. This paper discusses the correlation between Russian mass media language and Russian literary language in the post-Soviet period, and the position and role of mas media language in modern Russian. The conclusion of this paper is that the relationship among “journalistic style ⊂ literary language of the mass media ⊂ literary language ⊂ Russian” during the Soviet period transitioned to “journalistic style ⊂ literary language ⊂ mass media language ⊂ Russian” in the post-Soviet period. This study defines the functions of mass media language as “popularity, commonality, averageness, and integration,” and the most important quality of mass media language as high frequency of use. In addition, lexical construction network and lexical cohesion are also important qualities of mass media language. The 21st century new media period is a time to reflect on the validity and symbolism of literary language, whose function and status has been weakened in speech and language life, and on language policies centered on a common language based on mass media language aimed at average communication.

대중 매체 언어와 국어 연구

구현정 ( Koo Hyun Jung ) 한국문학언어학회(구 경북어문학회) 2016 어문론총 Vol.70 No.-

대중 매체 언어는 과학기술의 발전과 더불어 최근에 발달한 것으로 그 파급력은 의사소통 방식뿐만 아니라 언어 체계 자체에도 큰 패러다임의 변화를 가져왔다. 이 연구에서는 대중 매체 언어의 유형을 인쇄 매체 언어, 방송 매체 언어, 디지털 매체 언어로 나누어 현대국어 연구의 자료로 전자화된 자료와 연구 내용을 살피고, 매체 생태학, 매체 언어학, 용법-기반 언어학으로 나누어 대중 매체언어를 연구하는 방법을 논의한다. 이와 같은 대중 매체 언어 연구의 방향을 문체적 다양성 연구, 현대국어 구어 연구의 확대, 잠정적 문법의 발견이라는 관점으로 논의한다. 이를 통해, 기존의 형식적, 관념적, 문어적, 문장 중심적, 규범적, 사변적 언어 연구방법으로부터, 기능적, 용법 중심적, 구어적, 담화 중심적, 의사소통적, 문화 중심적 연구방법으로 전환함으로써, 의사소통 도구로서의 언어의 본질에 더 가까이 접근할 수 있음을 주장한다. Mass media language is a recent development that was made possible by the advances made in science and technology. The powerful impact of the mass media language is such that it brought forth change not only in the modes of communication but, more fundamentally, in the language itself as a linguistic system. Classifying the types of mass media language in three subtypes of media, i.e., printed, broadcast, and digital media. This paper overviews the digitization of the Korean language of mass media and digital communication, introduces newly emerging subdisciplines of linguistics as a consequence of change in communication modes and means, i.e, media ecology, media linguistics and usage-based linguistics, and their research methods for mass media language. The discussion assumes the perspectives involving stylistic diversity, expansion of colloquial language research, identification of emerging grammar. This paper calls for a shift from the traditional formal, abstract, literary-based, sentence-centered, prescriptive and speculative research methods, to more functional, usage-based, colloquial, discourse-centered, communication-based, and culture-centered research methods. It is argued herein that resulting analyses can enable us to understand more clearly the essence of language as a tool of communication.

Characteristics of the Usage of the Serbian Language in the Media

Mirjana Jocic(미리아나 요치츠) 한국동유럽발칸학회 2003 동유럽발칸학 Vol.5 No.2

매스미디어의 통신 언어는 현재 여러 방면으로 다양하게 활용되고 있다. 하지만 이들미디어에서의어휘들이매우다양하게사용되어지고있고, 또한 (미디어, 양식, 주제에 따른) 글의 문맥에 의존하고 있지만, 이들 어휘들의 상당수는 표준 세르비아어의 현존하는 일반 사전으로는 그 해석이 무척 어려운게현실이다. 게다가, 이러한매스미디어의일부어휘들은실제표준화된 표현들이 아니라는 문제점을 안고 있다. 매스미디어(신문, 라디오, 텔레비젼)에서의 세르비아어는 반(半) 대중적어휘에 해당하지만, 반면 대중언어는 사회 언어학적그리고표준언어의지배를 받고있다. 최근10년사이, (세르비아에서의) 매스미디어 언어 사용의 특징을 살펴보자면 무엇보다도 느슨하고 자기 임의적인 언어 사용 그리고 좀 더 자유로운 언어 형식으로 말하려는 개인적 대중 언어 사용이 점차 늘어나고 있는 추세를 보이고 있다. 이러한점은다음과같은언어학적전략에따라증명될수있다.: 일반성, 원시성, 보급성, 그리고 영어화 속성. 이들 전략들을 통해 현재 세르비아의 새로운사회현상들을반영할수있으며, 새로운언어정체성을생산해내려는 경향을 포함, 국제화, 탈 이념화되고 있는 현 세르비아 사회, 문화적 경향을 반증해 볼 수 있을 것이다. The language used in the media of mass communication is specific in many ways. For example, the lexicon used in these media is quite varied, but it is also dependent on context (the media, genre, topic), and thus, for objective reasons, much of that lexicon cannot be represented in the existing general dictionaries of the standard Serbian language. Likewise, part of that lexicon is indeed not standard. The Serbian used in the mass media (press, radio and television) belongs to a semi-public usage, a public language domain that, as such, is subject to the rules of the language standard, to sociolinguistic and communication rules. In the last ten years, the usage of that language in the mass media has been characterized by the appearance of the use of language from the private communication domain the spoken and conversational - producing significantly more liberal language forms and spontaneous, leisurely behavior in communication. This is manifest by the usage of the following linguistic strategies: familiarization, primitivization,vulgarization, and Anglicization. These strategies reflect, it could be said, new tendencies in Serbian society democratization, de-ideologization and internationalization including the tendency to create a new social and linguistic identity.

러시아 표준어의 형성과 발전 과정에서 표준어의 주도적 주체와 표준어의 사회적 기반의 상관성 (II): 20세기 말 ― 21세기 초 사회정치적 영역의 차용어를 중심으로

김용화 충북대학교 러시아 • 알타이지역 연구소 2019 러시아학 Vol.- No.18

This paper, which focuses on the mutual influences of the leading personalities and the social base of literary language in the process of borrowing a sociopolitical lexicon for the late-20th century ― early 21st century, is a subsequent research paper studying sociopolitical loanwords in the journalistic style of mid-19th century Russia. The key conclusions of this paper are as follows: ① the “среднелитературный тип речевой культуры” is the social base of modern literary language, and most modern Russians refer to this. ② The leading personalities of literary language differ greatly by loanword type. ③ The influence of the leading personalities of literary language on the social base of literary language is insignificant. Previously, which social class and what kind of ideology-oriented people formed the social base of literary language, and which one of them leads the development of the literary language and presents the direction, were key issues in grasping the characteristics of Russian literary language. However, this has lost significance in modern literary language. Now, the focus of research should shift to what language the social base is oriented toward. At present, mass media language is located in the center of language life, covering the whole of the Russian language. It is enough that the formula “mass media language = Russian” is established. Therefore, the study of modern Russian literary language should start with mass media language. Now is the time to reflect on the typification or stylistic subdivision of mass media language.

러시아 대중매체 언어의 통사구조에서 구어적 특성 연구

권용재 한국슬라브어학회 2018 슬라브어연구 Vol.23 No.2

The article analyzed elements of spoken language found in the syntax of Russian mass media text. The study shows that parceled construction as the elements of analytism in a sentence structure, parenthetical construction, incomplete sentences, dialogical elements (including question-answer constructions, rhetorical questions, responding, and imperative sentences), exclamatory sentences and sentences with interjections, i.e., elements of spoken language in the syntax permeate sentence structure in the mass media texts, that is believed to have formal properties of the written language style. Elements of spoken language listed above heighten affective involvement of the readers, enhance reliability of information provided from the media. In consequence, the fields in which a standard, normative written language on complete structure might be compatible with informal spoken language are formed in the language of modern Russian mass media.

21세기 매체 기반 한국어교육의 패러다임 고(考)

조형일,심상민 한국국어교육학회 2018 새국어교육 Vol.0 No.117

It is very timely and natural to study various methods and principles of media use in various aspects of Korean education. However, it should be reconsidered to start an educational awareness of the media's type. The background principles of the media use of Korean language education proposed in this study is as follows. 1) The characteristics of the media should be selectively applied and adapted to the learner’s native language and the environment in which the education is performed, the content focused on the educational purpose and learning objectives of the learning stage, and the usefulness to meet the needs of learners. 2) Considering the principle of communication, the educational media should be selected considering the tendency of current generation learners as well as next generation learners. In this study, We tried to suggest a paradigm of the Korean education in the 21st century along with the media utilization method which is based on the media. The conclusion proposed in this study is that media/mass media should not be processed and used educationally, but should be educated by processing, producing, or selectively correcting educational contents in various media. 이 연구에서는 한국어교육의 여러 측면에서 다양한 대중 매체 활용 원리와 방식에 대한 연구가 이루어지는 것이 그 자체로서 매우 시의적절하고 당연한 것이기는 하지만, 대중 매체에 대한 교육적 인식이, 그 매체 유형에 대한 인식으로부터 시작되는 것은 재고되어야 한다는 것을 주장하는 데에 연구 목적을 두었다. 본 연구에서 제안된 한국어 교육의 미디어 활용 배경 원리는 다음과 같다. 1)미디어의 특성은 학습자의 모국어와 교육 환경, 교육 목적 및 학습 단계의 학습 목표, 요구 사항 충족에 대한 유용성에 선택적으로 적용되어야 한다. 2)의사소통의 원칙을 고려하여, 현재 세대의 학습자와 차세대 학습자의 경향을 고려한 교육 매체를 선정해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 매체를 기반으로 한 매체 활용 방안을 중점에 두고 21세기 한국 교육의 패러다임을 제시하고자 하였다. 이 연구에서는 대중문화의 전달방식을 새롭게 고찰하고 매체/대중매체는 교육적으로 가공되어 활용되는 것이 아니라 교육적으로 필요한 내용을 다양한 매체로 가공/제작하거나 선별적으로 크게 수정 보완하여 교육적으로 수용되어야 한다는 것을 결론으로 주장하였다.

중국 조선족의 언론형황과 언론관에 관한 조사 연구

김원태 在外韓人學會 2003 在外韓人硏究 Vol.13 No.2

중국에 사는 조선족들은 중국에서 살면서도 우리말과 글을 잊지 않고 잘 갈고 닦아 왔을 뿐만 아니라 조선족 초중고 대학을 세우고 자손들에게 우리말과 글을 가르쳐 왔다. 그리고 우리말로 된 신문사와 방송국을 세워 민족 언어를 보급하였고 민족의 정체성을 확립해 왔다. 조선족은 해방 전부터 한글 신문을 만들어 왔는데 연변일보, 길림신문, 흑룡강신문, 로녕일보, 중국조선족소년보, 라지오 텔레비전 신문 등 많은 한글 신문 등을 200만 조선족들에게 보급하고 있고 연변인민방송, 연변텔레비전 등 연변지역 뿐만 아니라 북경에 있는 중국 국제방송국 조선어 방송 등이 매일 우리말 방송을 하고 있다. 중국에서 우리말 언론 사업이 가능한 이유는 중국 헌법에 소수민족 언어문자 사용과 관련하여 다음과 같이 규정을 근본으로 한다. '여러 민족은 자기의 언어, 문자를 사용 및 발전시킬 자유를 가진다'(중화인민공화국 헌법 제 4조) 바로 헌법에서의 이러한 법적 규정이 있으므로 해서 연변 조선족 자치주 경내에서는 우리 민족의 제반 생활과 교제에서까지도 민족의 말과 글을 이용하고 있다. 조선족 언론은 초기에 모택동식 공산주의 언론이념을 좇아 당과 공산주의 선동 선전에 힘썼으나 중국정부가 시장경제를 채택하고 민주 국가들과의 교류를 활발히 하며 한국과의 국교 수립으로 한국과의 내왕이 잦아졌다. 이에 따라 뉴스와 정보를 다변화하고 문학, 예술, 사진 등 내용을 다양화했으며 광고도 많이 취급하는 등 지면의 활성화를 실현했다. 중국에서는 조선족 신문방송 관계자와 학계 인사들이 앞으로의 조선족 언론 발전을 위해 자주 학술회의를 열고 한국과의 교류도 확대하는 등 자구를 위한 노력을 경주하고 있다. 여러가지 어려운 환경에 처해 있지만 조선족 언론인들이나 독자,시청자들이 확소한 민족의식을 가지고 문제해결을 위해 최선을 다하는 분위기는 조선족 언론의 밝은 미래를 기대할 수 있게 한다. The Chosun Race who live in China not only have refined our spoken-written language without forgetting them, but also have educated them to their offsprings by establishing elementary schools, junior-senior high schools and colleges. They also have spreaded Korean language by newspaper companies and broadcasting stations where Korean language is used, and have established national identity. The Chosun Race in China have made newspapers in Korean language before the 1945 Liberation and have been publishing many kinds of Korean newspapers such as the Yanbian Daily Newspaper, the Kilim Newspaper, the Heukryonggang Newspaper, the Ryonyeong Daily Newspaper, the China-Chosun Race Youth Newspaper, the Radio Television Newspaper, and so forth, to two million (2,000,000) Chosun Race. The area of Yanbian which has the broadcasting stations such as the Yanbian People's Broadcasting and the Yanbian Television are broadcasting in Korean language every day. And even the Radio Beijing in Beijing is also broadcasting Korean Programs by FM and SM. The reason why the Korean mass media is possible is based on the following law related with the use of words-letters of the minority race, which is regulated in the Chinese Constitution: 'All races have freedom of using and developing their own words and letters' (Article 4 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China). As this very legal regulation exists in the constitution, within the area of the self-governing state of the Yanbian Chosun Race, Korean words and letters are used officially in their daily lives. In early times, the Mass Media of China had made efforts to play demagogue and to make propaganda for the parties and the communism by following the philosophy of press of the Mao Tse-Tung's Communism. However, as the Chinese government adopted the market economy, activated the exchanges with the democratic countries, and established diplomatic relations with Korea, intercommunicating with Korea became frequent. According to this, the activation of Chosun Race's media have been realized by diversifying news and information, by giving variety to the contents of literature, arts, and photos, etc,, and by dealing with advertisement in a large quantity, and so forth. In China, people concerned with media of the Chosun Race, and people in the academic circles are devoting themselves to making self-relief by holding the science councils and extending the exchange with Korea, etc. for the development of the media of the Chosun Race in the future. Though they are placed under a number of unfavorable circumstances, the atmosphere where the media-concerned people of the Chosun Race, readers, and television viewers are doing their best for solving problems with unshakable ethnic consciousness, can allow us to expect the bright future of the press of the Chosun Race in China.