A Study on the Development of Port Landscape Potential Evaluation Indexes

Taeyeol Jung,Kummi Park 전북대학교 휴양및경관계획연구소 2015 휴양및경관연구 (J East Asian Landscape Studies) Vol.9 No.3

본 연구는 우리나라 항만 고유의 기능 및 특성과 지역의 정체성을 접목하여, 그 가치를 평가 할 수 있는 항만 경관 잠재력 평가지표 도출 및 중요도 분석을 하였다. 연구 목적 달성을 위해 첫째, 항만 경관 잠재력 평가지표 개발을 위한 선행 연구 및 문헌분석 후 하위 평가지표를 도출하였다. 둘째, 전문가 인터뷰를 통해 객관적으로 평가 할 수 있는 상위지 표 기준을 도출 하여 상위 평가지표를 선정하였다. 그리고 그 평가지표를 기준으로 계층 모형을 구축하여 항만관련 분야 의 공무원(해양경찰), 공기업(항만공사), 설계기관(엔지니어링), 학계(교수, 연구원)의 전문가 집단 70명을 대상으로 평가 지표에 대한 설문 조사를 실시하였다. 설문 분석 방법으로는 응답자 속성을 알기 위해 SPSS 20.0.ver을 활용하여 빈도분 석을 실시하였으며, 항만의 경관 잠재력 평가지표를 도출하여 중요도 및 우선순위를 알기 위해 AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process)분석에서 보편적으로 쓰이는 Expert Choice 11.5.ver의 프로그램을 사용하였다. 분석결과 첫째, 항만 경관 잠재력 상위 평가지표 4개(항만의 기능, 항만의 경관자원, 파급효과, 지속가능) 와 하위지표 12개(항만의 규모, 항만의 접근성, 항만의 이용실적, 자연자원, 인문자원, 시점자원, 랜드마크자원, 항만의 시설자원, 배 후 세력권, 홍보 기회, 지자체 역량, 수요예측)를 도출하였다. 둘째, 상위지표는 항만의 기능과 항만의 경관자원이 상대적 으로 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 하위지표는 항만의 기능은 항만의 접근성이, 항만의 경관자원은 자연자원이, 파급효과는 배후 세력권이, 지속 가능은 지자체 역량이 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 넷째, 종합 중요도 및 우선순위 분석 결과 항만의 접근 성, 자연자원, 배후 세력권, 랜드마크 자원이 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 향후 본 연구의 결과를 토대로 항만 고유의 정체성을 반영한 항만 경관계획이 필요할 것으로 판단된다. This study combined the unique functions and characteristics of ports in our country with local identity, and derived port landscape potential evaluation indexes to appnaise the importance of the inherent characteristicsand natural landscape. In order to achieve the study purpose, first, preceding researches and literatures were examined to develop port landscape potential evaluation indexes, and then low evaluation indexes were derived. Second, through interviews with professionals, high level evaluation indexes were selected after deriving high level index criteria needed for objective evaluation. Based on the evaluation indexes, a hierarchy model was established, and a survey regarding evaluation indexes was performed targeting civil servants (maritime police), public enterprise (Port Authority), designing institutes (engineering), and 70 researchers and professors (academic world). For the survey, frequency analysis was conducted by using SPSS 20.0.ver, and Expert Choice 11.5.ver, which is normally used for AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) analysis, and it was used to learn the importance and priority after deriving port landscape potential evaluation index. The study results are as below. First, as a result of analyzing the relative importance, it has been shown that 4 high level indexes (port functions, port landscape resources, Ripple Effects, and s ustainability) and 12 low level indexes (port size, port accessibility, port use results, natural resources, cultural resources, viewpoint resources, landmark resources, port facility resources, background sphere of influence, promotion opportunity, competence of local government, demand prediction). Second, as a result of the relative importance of low level indexes, port accessibility of port functions, natural resources of port landscape resources, background sphere of influence of ripple effects, and competence of local government of sustainability turned out to have high importance. Third, as a result of analyzing the comprehensive importance and priority, port accessibility, natural resources, background sphere of influence, and landmark resources turned out to have relatively high importance and priority. Third, as a result of analyzing the comprehensive importance and priority, port accessibility, natural resources, background sphere of influence, and landmark resources turned out to have relatively high importance and priority From this point, based on the result of this research, it is recommended to build a port plan reflecting on its unique identity.

연안경관 개선을 위한 항만재생 방안 - 부산항의 항만기능 재편을 중심으로 -

배경완 ( Bae Kyungwan ),하경준 ( Ha Gyoung-jun ),박형준 ( Park Hyung-jun ),정주철 ( Jung Ju-chul ) 한국경관학회 2017 한국경관학회지 Vol.9 No.1

본 연구는 부산항의 노후한 항만기능 및 경관을 복원하고 항만과 배후지역 간 갈등 해결을 통한 조화로운 미항 조성을 위한 단기(항만기능 재편) 및 장기적인(미항 기본구상) 방향성을 모색하는 데 목적을 두고 있다. 부산항의 배후지역은 항만과 함께 발전하여 그와 관련된 산업과 항만을 이용하는 선박, 선박과 관련된 산업시설이 주거지와 공존하고 있다. 그러나 항만시설 노후화 및 관련시설의 부정적 영향이 도시민들의 민원으로 이어지고 있으며, 항만 공간에 대한 새로운 가치창출의 수요가 증가함에 따라 미항조성에 대한 관심과 필요성이 야기되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 미항으로서 중요한 요인인 경관을 중심으로 배후지와 항만이 조화롭게 공존하기 위한 기능재편 방안 연구를 진행하였다. 연구방법으로는 첫째, 부산항의 현황분석을 통해 문제점을 도출하였다. 미항 조성에 있어서 부정적인 시설의 현황 및 주변지역과의 갈등문제를 파악하였다. 둘째, 경관개선을 위한 항만기능의 공간 재편문제를 해결하기 위해 관련 이해관계자들의 의견을 조사(인터뷰, 설문조사)하고 분석하였다. 셋째, 부산항이 겪고 있는 문제를 비슷하게 경험한 해외 항만재생 사례(문헌고찰, 현지답사, 인터뷰)를 분석하여 시사점을 도출하였다. 결과적으로 부산항을 미항으로 조성하기 위해서는 예부선 및 선박수리 시설에 대한 관리 및 이전이 선행되어야 하며, 장기적 비전과 계획수립을 통해 이전 부지 및 이전 이후 유휴지에 대한 단계적인 개발을 추진해야 할 것이다. The purpose of this study is to reconstruct old port functions and landscapes of Busan Port and to find a harmonious port of harbors through resolving conflicts between ports and hinterland. The hinterland of Busan Port is developed along with the harbor, and industrial facilities related to ships and vessels coexist with the residence. However, the deterioration of port facilities and the negative impacts of related facilities have led to the complaints of urban residents, and the increase in demand for new value creation in the port space has led to interest and necessity for beautiful port. Therefore, this study was carried out to find ways to coexist harmoniously with the port and hinterland focusing on the landscape, which is an important factor for the port.

부산 북항 재개발지역 경관계획에 관한 연구

이한석(Han-Seok Lee),정원조(Won-Jo Jung) 한국항해항만학회 2006 한국항해항만학회지 Vol.30 No.6

This study is to propose guidelines on waterfront landscape planning for Busan North Port redevelopment area. In Korea, Busan North Port redevelopment project is the first one which aims to make old port area into citizen-friendly waterfront. It is expected that many ports will be redeveloped soon after this urban waterfront remaking project. This is the basic research to lay groundwork for waterfront landscape planning at port redevelopment area. We analyze good examples of general landscape plans for port redevelopment area through case studies and suggest the problems and important elements for making landscape plan of Busan North Port area. Also we propose guidelines for making waterfront landscape plan of the redevelopment area at Busan North Port. 본 연구에서는 부산 북항 재개발지역을 대상으로 하여 항만 재개발지역의 경관계획 특성을 알아보고 해외 항만재개발지역에서 경관계획사례를 살펴본 다음 북항 재개발지역의 경관현황을 분석하여 경관계획을 위해 선결해야 할 과제를 도출하고 마지막으로 경관계획을 위한 가이드라인을 제시하였다.

부산 신항만 욕망산 경관계획

김충식,Kim Choong-Sik 한국조경학회 2006 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.33 No.6

Mt. Yokmang landscape design awarded first in [North container terminal site furtherance construction in Busan new port], design competition sponsoring in the Korea Container Terminal Authority in 2005. Design guideline was to propose the symbol of new port and to establish landscape plan in consideration of view and geological location. Because landscape plan required establishment of restoration plan for cutting slope, Mt. Yokmang became the major object. The purpose of planning are as follows. The first purpose is to minimize existent natural environment damage, and the second, to connect with ambit and create new image. The third is to provide place of rest and interchange for local resident. Reflecting stratum structure and landscape characteristics, cutting slope consisted of [utilization slope], [presentation slope], [landscape slope], and [ecological slope]. Vegetation design applied ecological restoration method through restoration of stratum, and eve environment-friendly afforestation, planned program that can connect area with existing ecosystem. In process that decides form of the cutting slope, analyze view structure and visual exposure in various access routes, sensitivity etc. was accomplished. Also, symbolic tower(Ocean Polaris) that presents in architecture and landscaping features, night landscape planning could gain synergy effect by keeping consistence with landscape and ecological planning. Passing through final design and construction process, I expect that the Mt. Yokmang will be a new landmark in Busan new port.

主要 眺望點에서 바라본 港灣景觀의 注視特性에 관한 硏究

김은일,정성구,윤진보,신남수 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.20 No.7

It is necessary to research for environmental features of regions rather than each building and scenery to form desirable city landscape that describes placeness concretely. In case of Korea, vast harbors and industry complex are generally located in the waterfront of port cities because the waterfront is noticed as one factor which supplies a fresh ground. So, waterfront forms a wide and long blackout curtain that causes the destruction of nature, shapes a factory structure curtain, and completely covers hinterland landscape. It makes hard for citizens to access to the seaside, depriving capacity of waterfront for water-familiar, and destructing beautiful seashore environment. This research project is to provide those architects or planners with the design guidelines of improving port and hinterland landscape. To do so, this study is carried out the physiological evaluation making eye fixation behaviors. The main results were summarized as follows: 1) Satisfaction with the ports' scenery turned out being given high estimation according as the objections being seen is more natural, a scale of ports' landscape elements is larger, and shape of landscape elements are simpler. 2) Distribution of a visual point is concentrated on facilities that have unique shapes and is under the influence of seashore line, letters carved in buildings and conspicuous colors. In addition, it tends to gather a visual point that facility's movement would be expected. 3) Eye fixation behaviors stops at unique shapes, structural lines of the physical elements and color factors of the objects. And it was judged that human recognized the object through this. 4) Scenery that include large natural element has a flexible movement of view and make general populace see the object for more long time. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the vista point on view-distance with research on improving port's naturality.

근·현대 인천의 경관 변화와 공간 구조의 변모

전종한(Jeon, Jong-Han) 경인교육대학교 기전문화연구소 2010 기전문화연구 Vol.36 No.-

개항기 인천항은 항구 전면에 월미도, 소월미도, 사도 등이 늘어서 제물포 항구를 둘러싸고 있었고, 팔미, 무의 등의 제도가 멀리서 그 바깥을 다시 끌어안아 자연적으로 항만 입지에 유리한 만을 이루고 있었다. 이러한 자연적 조건은 인천항의 구조가 내항과 외항으로 이루어지는 배경이었고, 이에 따라 큰 선박은 외항에, 작은 선박은 내항에 정박하였다. 이 연구는 근∙현대 인천의 경관 변화와 공간 구조의 변모 과정을 정리한 것이다. 근대 인천의 경관 및 공간 구조의 변화에 대한 연구는 이미 여러 편 이루어졌으나, 이 주제에 관해 근∙현대 시기에 걸쳐 연속성 있게 추적한 연구는 별로 없었다. 먼저, 근∙현대 인천의 경관 변화를 살펴보기 위해 행정구역 변천과 인구 추이에 대한 정보를 토대로, 토지 이용 패턴의 변화 및 취락의 형성과 시가지 발달 과정으로 나누어 정리하였다. 다음으로 인천의 공간 구조의 변모에 접근하기 위해 근대 수운 교통의 발달과 인천항의 결절성, 이어서 근∙현대 육상 교통의 등장과 배후 교통 체계에 대해 살펴보았다. Incheon port in the open-port period was surrounded with such islands as Weolmi-do, Soweolmi-do, Sa-do, and beyond these islands was encircled by such islands as Palmi-do, Muei-do. Therefore, Incheon port of that time was appreciated as a natural port. These natural conditions have given support to the structure consist of the inner harbor and outer harbor of Incheon port. This study discusses the landscape change and spatial structure of Incheon in modern times. Though many studies on that theme, there are few examinations on historical-geographical change from the open-port period to the present day. First of all, the author discusses the change of land use pattern and the development of settlement on the basis of the change of administrative districts and population transition of Incheon. In the second place, the author examines water traffic and nodal characteristic of Incheon port in modern times, and overland transport and traffic network in present times to approach the formation of spatial structure of Incheon.

Perspectives on the Characteristics and Management Scheme for the Dangsan and Bibo Forests at the Seashore of Daebang-dong, Sacheon

최재웅,김동엽,김미희,류상영,조록환,강방훈,김상범 한국전통조경학회 2011 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.9 No.-

The objective of this study was to find means to preserve the Dangsan and Bibo forests in Daebang-dong, Sacheon, Korea, which is a traditional village forest and a cultural seashore landscape. Daebang-dong is located at a coastal area that is urbanized and does not carry rice paddies any more. With a big bridge constructed lately nearby the village, the traffic has become heavier. Therefore it became an important issue to protect the Dangsan forests from the urbanization. The Dangsan forest located at a seashore of Daebang-dong, called ‘Daebangjin port facilities'. It was a small naval port, and was used by admiral Lee, Sun Sin during the Japanese invasion of 1592 during Choson dynasty. Admiral Lee hid the Turtle ships at this port and later attacked the Japanese warships. Daebangjin was formed as a combination of Dangsan forest and Bibo forest. The Dangsan tree, Zelkova serrata, is more than 743 years old. It was planted in 1268 when Gaksan fortress and a signal fire station were built during the reign of King Wonjong(1259~1274) in Goryeo Dynasty. The Daebangjin and Gaksan fortress were built to protect local residents from Japanese pirates. The results showed that the concept of Dangsan forests was applicable not only to a village, but also to the scale of government and public offices. In Daebang-dong, there were two Dangsan forests and one Bibo forest. That is, the Dangsan forest at seashore was used by soldiers at naval port during Choson dynasty, and the Dangsan forest at the hillside was used by residents. We can see the similar case of two Dangsan trees at ‘Jwasuyeongseongji’ in Busan. Dangsan ritual is an event commonly held by local residents on the January 15th by lunar calendar. The Bibo forest has been disturbed largely and now it is converted into a public park. The Dangsan tree at the seashore was surrounded by houses and commercial buildings. A management plan for the cultural landscape of the Dangsan forest and Bibo forest in Daebang-dong is suggested, securing sufficient space for the Dangsan tree. The disturbed areas in Bibo forest should be restored. It seems that governmental supports to village and local residents are necessary in order to sustain the virtue of the Dangsan forest as a cultural landscape.

마산의 도시경관 변화과정에 관한 연구

신삼호(Shin Sam-Ho),우신구(Woo Shin-Koo) 대한건축학회 2007 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.27 No.1

This study is aimed at tracing transformation of landscape of Port-City Masan since Liberation(1945) to Present To study correlations between social factors and environmental factors which have been affecting the formation of the urban landscape, characters and factors of the transformation on landscape were analyzed by the times and the urban district respectively. The result shows several characteristics of urban-landscape thru the Korean war and industrializing. First of ail, city hall areas were spread by reclamation‘ The reclamation without long-term plan finally result in indiscreet landscape at waterfront of Masan. Secondly, due to movement from old downtown to new downtown the old downtown become twilight zone and phenomenon of non-symphony of landscape sources are actively coming out. This study is expected to provide an index of future urban rehabilitation and development by analyzing characteristics of urban-landscape and changing process.

사천시 대방동 해안 당산숲,비보숲의 특성 및 관리방안 고찰

( Jai Ung Choi ),( Dong Yeob Dong ),( Mi Heui Kim ),( Sang Young Sang ),( Lock Whan Jo ),( Bang Hun Kang ),( Sang Bum Kim ) 한국전통조경학회(구 한국정원학회) 2011 Journal of Korean Institute of Traditional Landsca Vol.9 No.2

이 연구의 목적은 사천시 대방동에 있는 당산숲 · 비보숲을 대상으로 해안가 전통마을숲 또는 전통경관으로서의 보전 · 관리 방안을 찾고자 하는 것이다. 대방동은 해안가에 위치하고 있으며, 논이 없고 도시화되어 있다. 근래 마을 옆에 큰 다리, 삼천포대교가 건설되고 교통량이 많아져서, 도시화로부터 당산숲을 지켜내야 할 과제를 안고 있다. 대방진굴항(大芳鎭掘港)이라 불리는 이 곳의 해안 당산숲은 임진왜란 당시 이순신 장군이 거북선을 숨겨 놓았던 수군 기지로서 오랜 역사를 갖고 있으며, 비보숲과 함께 관리되어 왔다. 당산나무인 느티나무 수령은 743년으로 알려져 있다. 이 당산나무는 고려 원종(l259~1274) 재임기간인 1268년에 각산산성과 봉화대가 건설될 때 같이 심어진 것으로, 대방진과 각산산성, 봉화대는 당시 왜구를 방어하기 위해 설치된 것이다. 연구결과로서, 당산숲의 개념은 민간의 마을뿐만 아니라 관공서에도 적용됨을 알 수 있다. 대방동에는 두 개의 당산숲과 한 개의 비보숲이 있다. 즉, 해안가 당산숲은 옛 조선시대 대방진굴항의 수군(水軍)을 위한 것이고, 마을 뒷산에 있는 또 하나의 당산숲은 주민을 위한 것이다. 이와 비슷한 사례는 부산시 좌수 영성지(左水營城址)에 있는 두 개의 당산나무에서 찾아볼 수 있다. 주민들은 음력 정월대보름에 당산제를 지낸다. 비보숲은 많이 훼손, 파괴된 채 일반공원으로 이용되고 있고, 해안가 당산나무는 마을집과 상가 건물에 둘러싸여 비좁은 공간에 갇혀 있다. 전통문화경관으로서의 수변공간인 이 당산숲 · 비보숲 관리방안 고찰에서는 당산나무의 충분한 영역 확보와 뛔손 · 손실된 비보숲의 복구를 제안하였다. 한편, 전통문화경관으로서의 당산숲 특성을 유지해 나가기 위해서는 마을과 주민에 대한 지원책이 필요할 것으로 보인다. The objective of this study was to find means to preserve the Dangsan and Bibo forests in Daebang-dong, Sacheon, Korea, which is a traditional village forest and a cultural seashore landscape. Daebang-dong is located at a coastal area that is urbanized and does not carry rice paddies any more. With a big bridge constructed lately nearby the village, the traffic has become heavier. Therefore it became an important issue to protect the Dangsan forests from the urbanization. The Dangsan forest located at a seashore of Daebang-dong, called ``Daebangjin port facilities``. It was a small naval port, and was used by admiral Lee, Sun Sin during the Japanese invasion of 1592 during Choson dynasty. Admiral Lee hid the Turtle ships at this port and later attacked the Japanese warships. Daebangjin was formed as a combination of Dangsan forest and Bibo forest. The Dangsan tree, Zelkova serrata, is more than 743 years old. It was planted in 1268 when Gaksan fortress and a signal fire station were built during the reign of King Wonjong(1259~1274) in Goryeo Dynasty. The Daebangjin and Gaksan fortress were built to protect local residents from Japanese pirates. The results showed that the concept of Dangsan forests was applicable not only to a village, but also to the scale of government and public offices. In Daebang-dong, there were two Dangsan forests and one Bibo forest. That is, the Dangsan forest at seashore was used by soldiers at naval port during Choson dynasty, and the Dangsan forest at the hillside was used by residents. We can see the similar case of two Dangsan trees at ``Jwasuyeongseongji`` in Busan. Dangsan ritual is an event commonly held by local residents on the January 15th by lunar calendar. The Bibo forest has been disturbed largely and now it is converted into a public park. The Dangsan tree at the seashore was surrounded by houses and commercial buildings. A management plan for the cultural landscape of the Dangsan forest and Bibo forest in Daebang-dong is suggested, securing sufficient space for the Dangsan tree. The disturbed areas in Bibo forest should be restored. It seems that governmental supports to village and local residents are necessary in order to sustain the virtue of the Dangsan forest as a cultural landscape.

군산의 근대역사경관 활용과 원도심재생

김민영 ( Min Young Kim ) 한국지역발전학회 2013 지역발전연구 Vol.13 No.1

군산은 1899년 5월 개항 이후 일제강점기를 거쳐 현재에 이르는 가운데 인천목포 부산 등지와 더불어 개항도시의 원형을 간직하고 있는 국내 대표적인 곳이다 이에 군산이 가지고 있는 근현대시기 지역의 역사성(historical locality)과 장소성(identity of the place)이라는 특성을 근대역사문화 벨트화 및 근대역사경관으로 묶어 역사문화 및 교육자산으로 활용하고자 하는 사업이 추진중에 있다. 여기에서는 이 사업추진의 개요와 주요 내용을 살피는 가운데 특히 원도심 재생사업에 대해 검토하며 그 의의와 향후의 과제에 대해 분석하고자 한다. Gunsan is a representative area that maintains the original form of the open port city in relation to other Korean cities, together with Incheon, Mokpo, Busan and other cities, within the present time that has passed through the Japanese Rule since the opening of the port in May 1899. Furthermore, it also have modern characteristic architectures. Thus, projects that tie Gunsan`s historical locality and the identity of the modern region as the ``belt of the modern historical culture`` and ``modern historic landscapes`` are initiated for use as historical culture and educational assets. Accordingly, this project is a part of a series for the use of the ``industrial heritage`` of the modern era and is also an original form of the inner city`s culture regeneration The future development direction and the initiation of the project can be summarized as follows. In other words 1) there is a need for continued monitoring and adjustment concerning the project purpose, intention, and values, 2) among the positive effects of the manifestation of the regional regeneration and social and cultural values, and 3) there is also a need for a specialized plan that can be closely approached to life and the regional characteristics.