금융위기 이후 중국의 대 한국 전자산업 산업내 무역의 변화

손양,강승호 한국비교경제학회 2018 비교경제연구 Vol.25 No.2

This study examines the trade situation between Korea and China after the financial crisis, the intra-industry trade of China’s electronic products. In order to study the types of intra-industry trade between the two countries, the Greenaway-Hine-Milner measurement method was used to distinguish between vertical trade in which quality superiority products and quality inferior products are interchanged among intra-industry trade besides the Grubel-Lloyd. After the financial crisis, China’s electronics industry trade analysis, the intra-industry trade index from 2009 to 2017 has been high, it has been confirmed that vertical intra-industry trade still dominates the type of intra-industry trade. There are many studies on intra-industry trade between China and South Korea, but there are few studies on the electronics industry, especially after the financial crisis. This study analyzes the intra-industry trade structure and industry types of China and South Korea from 2009 to 2017 after the financial crisis, analyzes the trade structure and types within the industry, and has problems in intra-industry trade. In short, we have proposed a solution to this problem. 본 연구는 중국은 금융위기 이후 한국과 전자산업무역은 어떻게 하고 있는지, 중국의 대한국 전자산업 무역에서 전자산업 그리고 업종별 전자제품의 산업내 무역이 어떻게 이루고 있는지, 또 중국의 대한국 전자산업 무역에서 품질우위가 높아져 중국과한국의 격차가 좁혀지고 있는지를 살펴보고 중국 전자산업의 향후 발전방향에 대해제안하려고 한다. 양국의 산업내 무역의 유형을 연구하기 위하여 Grubel-Lloyd 산업내 무역지수 이외에 산업내 무역 중에서 품질 우위 제품과 품질 열위 제품이 상호 교환되는 수직적 무역을 구분해내기 위하여 Greenaway-Hine-Milner 측정방법을 사용하였다. 금융위기 이후 중국의 대한국 전자산업 무역 분석 결과 산업내 무역지수는 2009년부터 2017년까지 대체로 상당히 높은 편이며 산업내 무역유형에서 여전히 수직적 산업내 무역을 위주로 하고 있는 것이 확인되었다. 컴퓨터, 통신기기, 기타 전자부품 등업종에서 약간 수평적 산업내 무역이 이루어 지고 있지만, 중국이 한국으로 수출하는전자제품은 저부가가치와 노동집약적인 제품이 대부분이고 수입하는 것은 고품질과 기술집약적인 제품 등 대부분인 구조가 여전히 유지되고 있다. 즉 전자산업의 국제 분업관계에서는 중국이 여전히 가공 및 조립 업종에 집중하고 있고, 기술적으로 앞선 한국과 격차가 오히려 확대되고 있는 것으로 보인다. 중국과 한국 사이에 산업내 무역을 주제로 한 연구는 많이 이루어지고 있지만, 전자산업을 중심으로 특히 금융위기 이후 시기를 대상으로 분석한 연구는 거의 없었다. 본 연구는 금융위기 이후 2009~2017년 중국과 한국의 전자산업과 그 업종별 산업내무역을 분석하여 산업내 무역구조을 실증분석을 하여, 중국의 대 한국 무역이 여전히품질 열위의 수직적 산업내 무역이라는 문제를 안고 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 결론에서는 이를 해결하기 위한 방안을 제시하였다.

한국 제지산업의 무역 구조 변화: 산업 내 무역 변화를 중심으로

김승년,구영완 한국펄프.종이工學會 2022 펄프.종이기술 Vol.54 No.4

This study examined the changes in intra-industry trade of the Korean paper industry while analyzing the trade structure of the industry from 2000 to 2021. The results are summarized as follows. First, most paper industry products exhibited intra-industry trading, and the portion of intra-industry had grown. The intra-industry trade included recovered, printing, sanitary, kraft, and corrugated papers as well as cardboard. Second, more products, including sanitary, kraft, and corrugated papers as well as cardboard, were included in vertical intra-industry trading. Third, with the exception of sanitary paper, most vertical intra-industry trade showed inferior vertical intra-industry trade. An increasing part of the intra-industry trade in the paper industry showed the intensified integration of international trade. However, reducing inferior vertical intra-industry trade could be a challenge for the future development of the Korean paper industry. .

한국 자동차산업 산업내무역의 특성 및 결정요인 분석 : 품질차이, FDI 및 무역불균형을 중심으로

이한영 ( Han Young Lie ) 한국국제통상학회 2015 국제통상연구 Vol.20 No.4

생산자원 부존비율이 유사한 국가 간 동일산업 내에서 재화의 수출·입이 이루어지는 산업내무역은 전통적 비교우위론으로는 설명되기 어렵다. 산업내무역 확산에 따라 그에 관한 다수의 이론·실증연구가 이루어져 왔으며, 1980년대 후반에는 재화의 특성에 따라 수직적·수평적 산업내무역의 구분 필요성도 제기되었다. 이러한 가운데 일련의 국내 선행연구는 한국 자동차산업의 산업내무역을 분석한 바 있으나, 대표적 내구성 소비재산업인 자동차산업의 산업내무역이 수직적산업내무역으로 구체화될 수 있다는 이론적 예측을 확인하기 위한 시도는 이루어지지 않았다. 이러한 사실에 유념하여, 본고는 1991년~2012년 간 한국과 OECD 회원국 간자동차산업(완성차 및 자동차 부품 부문)의 수직적 산업내무역 특성 및 결정요인을 중력모형에 기초하여 분석하였다. 수직적 산업내무역의 결정요인으로는 한국과 무역상대국의 경제규모, 1인당 GNI 차이 및 국가 간 거리 등 국가특성변수와FDI, 품질차이 및 무역불균형 비중 등 산업특성변수를 동시에 고려하였다. 선행연구 대비, 본고의 실증분석 방법은 특히 다음과 같은 점에서 차별화된다. 첫째, IIT지수(Grubel-Lloyd Index)의 구분을 통해 한국 자동차산업의 산업내무역에서 수직적 산업내무역이 차지하는 비중과 그 무역패턴을 규명하였다. 둘째, IIT지수의 하향편의를 유발하는 무역불균형의 비중을 구체적으로 확인하였다. 셋째, 수직적 산업내무역의 결정요인 분석과정에서IIT 지수의 하향편의 통제변수인 무역불균형과 함께 산업특성변수인 품질차이 및 FDI를 설명변수로 도입하였다. 본고의 분석결과는 대 OECD 한국 자동차산업의 산업내무역이 낮은 품질 제품을 수출하고 높은 품질 제품을 수입하는 수직적 산업내무역으로 대표됨을 보여준다. 또한 수직적 차별화 제품군에서 매우 높은 수준의 무역불균형과 그에 따른 IIT지수의 하향편의도 확인할 수 있었다. 국가특성변수 중에는 경제규모 및 국가간 거리가, 산업특성변수 중에는 무역불균형이 이론적 예측과 매우 유의하게 부합하는 결정요인으로 파악되었다. 산업특성변수인 품질차이는 매우 유의한 결정요인으로 판명되었으나, 자동차 부품 부문에서는 이론적 예측과 달리 수직적 산업내무역과 부(-)의 관계를 보였다. Conventional theory of comparative advantage hardly explains intra-industry trade which is defined as simultaneous exports and imports of products within the same industry between countries with similar production factor abundance. Proliferation of intra-industry trade has been followed by tons of theoretical and empirical research on it. In the late 1980’s, arguments was raised that intra-industry trade be decomposed into vertical and horizontal intra-industry trade on the basis of product characteristics. While some previous domestic researches analyzed intra-industry trade in Korea’s auto sector, they failed to identify that intra-industry trade in Korea’s auto sector may be materialized by vertical. This is a theoretical prediction, because auto industry is typical durable consumer product industry. With the motivation, this article is to analyze the characteristics and determinants of vertical intra-industry trade in auto sector between Korea and OECD member countries during 1991~2012, using gravity model. Empirical analysis employs not only country-specific variables such as average economic scale, per capita GNI gap and geographic distance between trading partners, but also industry-specific variables such as FDI, product quality difference and trade imbalance ratio. Empirical approach of this paper is in contrast with the previous research, particularly in the following aspects. By decomposing IIT index(Grubel- Lloyd index), it seeks to examine the vertical intra-industry factor and its trade pattern in Korea’s intra-industry trade in auto sector. Level of trade imbalance is another concern to check, since it is associated with downward bias of IIT index. Along with due adjustment of downward bias from trade imbalance, product quality difference and FDI are also reflected as explanatory variables in estimating determinants of vertical intra-industry trade. First of all, research output confirms that Korea’s intra-industry trade vis-a-vis OECD is represented by vertical one, where Korea exports low quality products and imports high quality. Another important finding is significant level of trade imbalance in vertically differentiated product category and downward bias of IIT index, accordingly. Among explanatory variables, economic size, geographic distance and trade imbalance turn out best significant fits in interpreting vertical intra-industry trade. Product quality difference proves to be highly significant variable, but unexpectedly negative relationship with vertical intra-industry trade in auto parts sector.

커넬회귀법을 이용한 산업내무역에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 실증분석

최원익 한국무역연구원 2010 무역연구 Vol.6 No.2

This study investigates the Korea's intra-industry trade with China by using the Korea-China trade data from 1991 to 2008 and analyses empirically the influential factors to Korea's intra-industry trade. The conventional G-L index method is used to estimate Korea's intra-industry trade and, for the analysis of the influential factors to Korea's intra-industry trade, the Kernel regression method instead of OLS regression method is used as a new trial because OLS regression method used to the existing researches can cause many problems. Inter-industry trade was the main phenomenon of the early stage of Korea-China trade but later the portion of intra-industry trade was increased. The portion of vertical intra-industry trade was larger than horizontal intra-industry trade. Intra-industry trade is increased when average market size is bigger; average development stage is higher; and difference of the market sizes of two countries is bigger. Also Korea's intra-industry trade is increased when the difference of factor endowments between two countries is larger.

한국과 터키 간 무역의 구조적 특성 분석: 산업 내 무역의 변화를 중심으로

김승년 ( Kim Seung-nyeon ),박해선 ( Park Haesun ) 한국외국어대학교 중동연구소 2021 중동연구 Vol.40 No.2

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the changes in trade structure between Korea and Turkey during the period from 1990 to 2020. As the trade between the two countries expanded during the period, in 2020 Turkey became the eighteenth largest export destination and the 39th largest importing partner for Korea. Since the Korea-Turkey FTA went into effect in 2013, economic cooperation between the two countries has been expanding further. We found that the share of inter-industry trade is much larger, but the share of intra-industry trade is increasing recently. In intra-industry trade, the proportion of vertical intra-industry trade is relatively large, but horizontal intra-industry trade is also increasing. The increase in the share of intra-industry trade appears to be related to the Korea-Turkey FTA. The rise of intra-industry trade is an evidence of increasing economic integration through trade, but it is hard to see substantial progress in intra-industry trade between Korea and Turkey in that the intra-industry trade between the two countries is dependent on a small number of products and the relation of intra-industry trade with FDI is very weak.

중국 섬유산업의 산업내무역 패턴과 국별 특성

최의현 서울대학교 국제학연구소 2004 국제지역연구 Vol.13 No.2

본 논문은 중국 섬유산업의 교역에서 발생하는 무역중복현상을 수직적 산업내무역이론으로 설명한다. 일반적으로 중국 섬유산업은 헥셔-올린식의 비교우위를 갖는 산업으로 수출이 압도적으로 많은 것으로 알려져 있지만, 실제로는 동종제품간의 무역도 매우 활발하게 발생하고 있다. 이러한 무역패턴은 교역국간 요소집약도의 차이가 차별재의 교역을 발생시킨다는 Falvey(1981) 및 Falvey and Kierzkowski(1987)의 모델로 설명이 가능하다. 패널데이터를 이용한 분석결과 중국과 주요 교역국간의 섬유제품 교역은 이론에서 도출된 가설을 매우 강하게 지지하는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 이러한 결과는 정책적인 측면에서 동아시아 지역의 FTA가 해당국의 산업을 보완, 발전시킬 수 있음을 시사한다. The Chinese textile industry is known to have a Heckscher-Ohlin type trade pattern with comparative advantage. However, we find considerable trade overlap in the Chinese textile trade if clothing sector is excluded. This paper investigates the two-way trade in the Chinese textile industry by using the vertical intra-industry model. The purpose of this paper is to verify the vertical intra-industry trade theory with a specific industry side, not as a whole country, and to explain the Chinese textile trade with an empirical analysis based on our theory. Through empirical tests using the HS (Harmonized System) 4 digit textile products (HS 5201-5516), this paper came to the following results: first, that the factor endowment between the two countries has a positive impact on the intensity of the vertical intra-industry trade. Second, intra-industry trade is positively related to the economic size. Third, the differences in size between the countries lead to an increase in the vertical intra-industry trade. Finally, the geographic distance leads to a reduction in the intra-industry trade as we expected.

한·일간 수평적·수직적 산업내 무역 -수준측정과 측정방법을 중심으로-

조영정 한일경상학회 2008 韓日經商論集 Vol.40 No.-

This paper examines a new method of measuring the horizontal and vertical intra-industry and analyzes the evolving pattern of such trade between Korea and Japan during the period of 1991-2006 by employing it. Since Greenaway et al.(1994) adopt a unique method of using unit price of exports and imports to decompose intra-industry trade into its horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade, a large study has emerged at explaining horizontal and vertical pattern of intra-industry trade following the method of Greenaway et al. In Korea, almost all the study of horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade follow the method of Greenaway et al. in the measurement of horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade. The method of Greenaway et al., however, considers similar goods only in a industry, and misses different goods or goods of different steps in the vertically fragmented production process. The utility of the method, therefore, is limited to identify the all features of the horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade in trade between countries. This paper, therefore, tries to contrive a new method of decomposing different aspects of intra-industry trade and examines the method in trade between Korea and Japan. This paper shows a different result from the result of precedent study in fact that the portion of vertical intra-industry trade of trade between different quality goods in a similar goods category is not so great compare to that of horizontal intra-industry trade of trade between similar quality goods in trade between Korea and Japan. In addition, the result of the paper reveals that the magnitude of intra-industry trade in a goods category are irrelevant to the magnitude of export and import unit price gap.

한국과 중국간의 수평적·수직적 산업내 무역 연구 -새로운 측정 방법의 모색을 중심으로-

조영정 중국학연구회 2008 중국학연구 Vol.- No.43

This paper examines a new method of measuring the horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade and analyzes the evolving pattern of such trade between Korea and China during the period of 1991-2006 by employing it. Since Greenaway at al.(1994) adopted a unique method of using unit price of exports and imports to decompose intra-industry trade into its horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade, a large study has emerged at explaining horizontal and vertical patterns of intra-industry trade following the method of Greenaway at al. In Korea, almost all the study of horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade follow the method of Greenaway et al. in the measurement of horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade. The method of Greenaway et al., however, considers similar goods only in a industry, and misses different goods or goods of different steps in the vertically fragmented production process. The utility of the method, therefore, is limited to identify the all features of the horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade in trade between countries. This paper, therefore, tries to contrive a new method of decomposing different aspects of intra-industry trade and examines the method in trade between Korea and China. This paper demonstrates the applicability of the new measurement method of the horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade which corrects the drawback of Greenaway et al.'s method as well as is practically available in the study of the intra-industry trade between countries.

한국과 폴란드 간 무역구조의 변화: 산업 간 무역과 산업 내 무역을 중심으로

김승년,이상직 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2019 국제지역연구 Vol.23 No.2

본 연구는 한국과 폴란드 간 무역구조가 2000년대 들어 최근까지 어떻게 변화되어왔는지를 분석하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 특히 두 나라간 무역형태를 산업 간 무역, 수직적 산업 내 무역, 수평적 산업 내 무역으로 구분하여 무역구조의 변화를 파악하고자 하였다. 분석결과에 따르면 한국과 폴란드 간 무역에 있어 산업 간 무역의 비중이 훨씬 크지만 최근 그 비중이 감소하는 추세이고, 반대로 산업 내 무역의 비중은 아직 크지 않지만 그 비중이 증가하는 추세이다. 산업 내 무역 가운데는 수직적 산업 내 무역이 상대적으로 비중이 크고 증가하고 있으며, 수평적 산업 내 무역의 비중은 매우 작고 변화도 크지 않다. 한국과 폴란드 간 무역에 대한 우리의 분석결과는 한국과 EU와의 무역구조를 분석한 기존의 연구와 유사하지만, EU의 경우에 비해 산업 내 무역의 비중이 상대적으로 작다는 점, 산업 내 무역이 주로 수직적 산업 내 무역에 의해 설명된다는 점에서 차이가 있다. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the changes in the trade structure between Korea and Poland in the period 2001-2017. The trade structure is broken into three types such as inter-industry trade, horizontal intra-industry trade and vertical intra-industry trade. Our empirical analysis finds that inter-industry trade is dominant in the Korea-Poland trade during the sample period but its share is decreasing. On the other hand, although the share of intra-industry trade is small but it is increasing in recent years. We also find that there is an increasing trend of vertical intra-industry trade while the volume of horizontal intra-industry trade is very limited. Our results on the trade structure between Korea and Poland are similar to the previous study on the trade between Korea and EU, but this study is different from the previous study in that the portion of intra-industry trade with Poland is smaller than the trade with EU and most of the intra-industry trade with Poland is explained by vertical intra-industry trade.

Research on Spatial Dependence and Influencing Factors of Korean Intra-Industry Trade of Agricultural Products: From South Korea’s Agricultural Trade Data

Hong-Qu Lv,Chen-Yang Huang 한국무역학회 2021 Journal of Korea trade Vol.25 No.3

Purpose - Intra-industry trade of agricultural products can eliminate the disadvantage of Korea s traditional agriculture and improve its lack of comparative advantage. The main purpose of this paper is to measure the level and index of intra-industry trade of Korean agricultural products and to explore the spatial dependence and spillover effect associated with this type of trade. The main factors influencing intra-agricultural trade are analyzed from two perspectives: the population and the classification of agricultural products. Design/methodology - First, the level of intra-industry trade of Korean agricultural products is measured. Second, to obtain a more accurate estimate of the influence of various factors, and based on two types of weight matrices, a spatial econometric model is constructed from two aspects: population and classification of agricultural products. The status and the factors influencing intra-industry trade are also studied. Findings - It is concluded that there is a positive spatial correlation between Korea’s intra-industry trade in agricultural products and that of its trading partners. The spatial spillover effect of this type of trade is verified by using the spatial autoregressive model (SAR). Labor-intensive agricultural products are found to have a positive spillover effect on intra-industry trade, while land-intensive products do not have a significant effect. Originality/value - In this paper, the two types of agricultural products are meticulously distinguished, and the spatial effect of the intra-industry trade of agricultural products as well as the influence of various factors are analyzed. In addition, the accuracy of the estimation of the coefficients of the factors by using the spatial econometric model is higher than that of the ordinary panel data model.