대법원 판결에 나타난 공동행위 성립요건으로서 상호성에 관한 고찰

홍명수 한국경쟁법학회 2020 競爭法硏究 Vol.41 No.-

In a series of rulings on cases of cartels under the Monopoly Regulation Act, the Supreme Court shows that it understands interrelation as a requisite for establishment. In particular, in the case of Universal Music Supreme Court ruled that cartel regulated under Article 19 clause 1 of the Monopoly Regulation Act mean agreements, this agreement includes not only explicit agreements but also implied ones, it is based on meeting of the minds among cartel participants and the interrelation of the meeting of the minds shall be demonstrated for the verification of the agreement. The ruling has since had a substantial impact on the Supreme Court's ruling on cartels. It seems reasonable for the Supreme Court to identify interrelation as a requirement for the establishment of cartels. However, there is a question of judging on the basis of whether there is sufficient possibility of independent action in identifying interrelation. This method of judgment can cause concerns of under-execution(false negative) in relation to the cartels subject to regulation. Considering the characteristics of oligopolistic market structures, it should be considered that participants act strategically and the their attitude toward competition should also be reflected in the judgment of interrelation.

호남지역 마한과 백제, 그리고 가야의 상호관계

김승옥 ( Kim Seung Og ) 호남고고학회 2019 湖南考古學報 Vol.63 No.-

이 글의 목적은 호남지역 마한과 백제, 그리고 가야의 상호관계를 논하는데 있다. 이를 위해 먼저 물질문화를 통한 정치체의 동정과 상호관계에 대한 이론적 전제 및 방법론에 대해 살펴본다. 다음으로 호남지역 초기철기∼삼국시대 문화의 다양성과 마한의 시공간에 대해 논의한다. 마한의 시간적 전개과정은 물질문화와 문헌기록으로 볼 때 조기-전기-중기-후기로 나눌 수 있는데, 획기별로 마한의 주요 공간이 이동하였고 물질문화의 내용과 성격 역시 다양하게 나타난다. 이 글에서는 호남지역 마한과 백제, 가야의 상호관계를 3단계로 나누어 살펴본다. 1단계(3세기 중반∼4세기 중후반)는 호남지역에서 마한과 백제, 가야가 상호관계와 교섭을 시작하는 시기이다. 이 단계의 마한 문화는 호남 서부 일대에서 전성기를 누리게 되고, 금강 상류의 진안고원과 운봉고원 일대를 제외한 섬진강 전역에 나타난다. 마한 문화의 지역적 차이는 서부와 동부로 대별되는데, 서부는 물론이고 동부에서도 소지역별로 다르게 나타난다. 서부와 상대적으로 이질적인 섬진강 중류와 하류, 보성강권 문화는 영산강 상류와 서남해안의 문화들과 밀접한 관계를 맺게 된다. 호남지역, 특히 영산강유역의 마한 정치체는 중서부 지역 백제나 마한 정치체, 경남 서부의 금관가야와 활발한 대외관계를 보이게 된다. 이러한 대외교섭은 중심과 주변간의 관계가 아닌, 소위 ‘동등 정치체간 교호관계’로 볼 수 있다. 2단계(4세기 후반∼5세기 후반)에 접어들면 전북 서부 일대는 백제의 지배영역으로 편입되지만 일부 거점지역을 제외한 영산강 일대는 정치와 문화의 자율성을 누렸던 것으로 판단된다. 섬진강유역권에서는 마한 문화가 점차 쇠퇴하면서 백제, 아라가야, 소가야의 문화요소가 혼재하게 된다. 그러나 5세기 중반 경에 이르면 백제와 대가야 세력이 치열한 각축을 벌이게 되는데, 그 핵심지대는 금강 상류와 섬진강 중류 일대로 추정된다. 마지막의 3단계(6세기 전반∼중반)에 이르면 백제가 호남지역 대부분을 영역화하기 시작하며 6세기 중반 경에는 직접지배가 완료되는데, 이는 물질자료와 문헌기록에서 입증된다. 영역화가 가장 늦은 지역은 섬진강 일대로 볼 수 있는데, 상류와 중류를 장악한 백제는 이후 운봉고원과 장수의 대가야 세력, 하류의 任那四縣을 정복하게 된다. The purpose of this study is to discuss the interrelation between Mahan, Baekjae, and Gaya in the Honam Region. To this end, we first look at the theoretical premises and methodologies for examining the evolution and interrelation of political bodies based on material culture. Next, we discuss the diversity of the cultures within the Honam region from the early Iron Age to the Three Kingdoms period, as well as the space-time of Mahan. Based on material culture and written records, the temporal development of Mahan may be segmented into the initial- early-middle-late periods. The key spatial sphere of Mahan saw changes along with the progression of the periods, accompanied by diverse changes in the content and nature of its material culture. This study considers the interrelation between Mahan, Baekjae, and Gaya in the Honam region through three stages. The 1st Stage (middle 3rd century ~ middle-late 4th century) was one where interrelation and negotiations began between Mahan, Baekjae, and Gaya in the Honam region. During this stage, the ancient culture of Mahan reached its peak in the western areas of the Honam region, spreading throughout the Seomjin River area, with the exception of the Jinan highlands in the upper Geum River area and the vicinity of the Woonbong highlands. Regionally, Mahan culture exhibited marked differences between the east and the west, with further differences found in each of the sub-regions in not only the western but also eastern areas. The cultures of the midstream and lower areas of the Seomjin River and that of the Boseong River area, which were relatively disparate from those of the western regions, came to form close relations with the cultures in the upper Youngsan River and the southwestern coastline. The Mahan political bodies of the Honam region - in particular those near the basin of the Youngsan River - pursued active diplomatic relations with the Baekjae and Mahan political bodies in the mid-western regions, as well as Geumgwan-Gaya in the western part of the Gyeongsangnam-do province. Such diplomatic negotiations may be regarded not as a relationship between a core and its periphery, but as an 'interaction relationship between equal political bodies'. With the advent of the 2nd Stage (late 4th century ~ late 5th century), the western areas of the Jeollabuk-do province came under the dominion of Baekjae. However, most areas of the Youngsan River - barring certain foothold territories - still retained their political and cultural autonomy. As the Mahan culture gradually deteriorated in the basin areas of the Seomjin River, there was a confluence of cultural elements from Baekjae, Ara-Gaya, and So-Gaya. However, by the mid-5th century, there occurred an intense power struggle between Baekjae and Dae-Gaya - the key areas of this struggle are presumed to be in the upper Geum River area and the midstream of the Seomjin River. Lastly, with the advent of the 3rd Stage (early to mid-6th century), most of the Honam region became the territory of Baekjae, with the establishment of direct control seeing completion by the mid-6th century. This is supported by both material culture and written records. The areas that were the last to come under Baekjae control appear to have been around the Seomjin River. After first subjugating the upper and midstream regions, Baekjae then went on to conquer Dae-Gaya in the Woonbong highlands and Jangsoo, as well as the Four Prefectures of Imna(任那四縣) in the downstream parts of the river.

통일과 개혁의 상관성이 지니는 정치철학적 함의에 관한 연구

정경환 한국통일전략학회 2015 통일전략 Vol.15 No.3

This thesis is aimed to analyse the political philosophical meaning of interrelation between reunification and reform. Many plan and policy is pouring from all levels of society to settle the unification problem. But it focuses on the reactive level about the North Korea’s regime. Above all, to build a competence of system inside needs the making of integrated structure in inner system. To do that, the operation of scraping out many divided factors that is to say, various deep-rooted evil, irregularities and corruption activity is urgently called for. Under this recognition, the interrelation between reunification and reform happens. The political philosophical meaning of interrelation between reunification and reform is not simple. This settlement of this problem is a golden key pulling down basically the division system in the Korean Peninsular. The operation of scraping out many divided factors needs to be done preferentially to dissolve division system in the Korean Peninsular. Here lies the whole figure of the political philosophical meaning of interrelation between reunification and reform. 본 연구는 통일과 개혁의 상관성문제가 지니고 있는 정치철학적 함의에 대한 것이다. 통일문제를 해결하기 위해서 많은 방략과 방책이 쏟아져 나오고 있지만 주로 북한정권에 대한 대응의 차원에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 통일문제는 민족 전체의 문제이지만 우리 체제를 호시탐탐 노리고 있는 북한정권의 오판을 줄이고 우리체제 내부의 역량을 구축하기 위해서는 체제 내부의 통합구조를 구성하는 것이 무엇보다도 중요하다. 그러기 위해서는 우리 체제 내부의 분열을 조장하는 제반 요소들 예를 들면 각종 적폐들, 부조리들 및 부정부패 행위에 대한 척결작업이 요청된다. 이러한 인식 하에서 통일과 개혁의 상관성문제가 발생한다. 통일과 개혁의 상관성문제가 지니고 있는 정치철학적 함의는 결코 간단하지가 않다. 한반도 전체에 음영을 드리우고 있는 분단체제를 근본에서 허물 수 있는 “황금열쇠”라고 해도 과언이 아니다. 분단체제의 해체는 분단을 조장하는 제반 분열요소들을 제거하는 것이 우선적으로 요구된다. 여기에 개혁이 지니고 있는 정치철학적 함의의 총체적 모습이 있다.

On the Interrelation of the Leontief Inverse with Final Demand and Total Output: Based on the Correct Consecutive Connections

김호언,김군찬 한국경제통상학회 2008 경제연구 Vol.26 No.3

In the literature especially concerning input-output multipliers, the multiplication of the Leontief inverse L = (I-A)-1 by the total output x often occurs. This paper clarifies the interrelation of L with final demand f and total output x. Specifically, we show that there is “consecutive connection” between L and x, but there is no consecutive connection between L and x; that is, L should not be multiplied by x. We give reasons why Lx does not make sense and discuss what makes practitioners and researchers to think that the Leontief inverse can be multiplied by the total output. We illustrate that overlooking such misconceptions could cause erroneous results, for instance, in the formulation of net multipliers which can accept outputs as entries.

중국의 지역금융 발전이 지역경제에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

김상욱(Kim, SangWook) 영남대학교 중국연구센터 2009 중국과 중국학 Vol.9 No.-

This paper uses the panel data with provincial level, analyzes the relation between regional financial development and regional economic development in China. Regional financial development uses financial interrelation rate and financial market rate, and regional economic development uses per capita gross domestic product. The panel regression results of country level finds that the financial interrelation rate and financial market rate have positive regression coefficient, but have no significance level with regional economic development. This results mean that the regional financial market has more development space from now. The panel regression of Eastern region finds that the financial interrelation rate has positive significance with regional economic development, and Middle and Western region have negative significance respectively. And the financial market rate has negative significance in Eastern region and Middle and Western region. This paper means that the role of regional financial market yet small in China regional economic development.

중학교 『한문(漢文)』 1, 2, 3 교과서에 수록된 어휘(語彙)의 한자,한문과의 상관성(相關性) 연구 -2007년 개정 교육과정에 따른 A출판사 교과서를 중심으로-

이동재 ( Dong Jae Lee ) 근역한문학회 2012 한문학논집(漢文學論集) Vol.35 No.-

This study examined the semantic interrelation between Sino-Korean words included in existing Sino-Korean textbook and the representative character meanings of Chinese letters presented as educational Chinese characters, surveyed from what time and how much such Sino-Korean words had been used in Korean classical books in Chinese, and suggested directions for the selection of Sino-Korean words to be included and meanings to be presented in Sino-Korean textbooks to be edited under the 2009 Revised National Curriculum. Today`s Sino-Korean textbooks used in middle school should include the 900 basic Chinese characters for Sino-Korean education in middle school. Accordingly, the contents of Sino-Korean textbooks are designed by making daily Sino-Korean words in order to accommodate Chinese characters not included in the texts. In middle school Sino-Korean textbook 1, 2 and 3 published by Visang Education contain 442 Sino-Korean words with 2 syllables, and excluding 12 of them, which are country names such as ``Jung-guk,`` ``Baek-je,`` ``Shil-la,`` ``Ko-ryo`` and ``Jo-seon,`` book names such as ``Sa-gi`` and ``Yu-sa,`` and place names such as ``Dok-do,`` ``Han-yang,`` ``Han-seong`` and ``Gyeong-seong,`` there are 430 pure Sino-Korean words with 2 syllables. In 360 (around 84%) Sino-Korean words of them, the representative character meanings of educational Chinese characters are identical or similar to the word meanings of Sino-Korean words. However, 15% of the Sino-Korean words require the understanding of the derivative or borrowed meanings of the Chinese characters, and 1% are understandable only when there is early literature. Among the 360 Sino-Korean words in which the representative character meanings of educational Chinese letters are identical or similar to the word meanings of Sino-Korean words, we selected 50 that consist of synonymous or similar letters and 28 believed to have been introduced or coined with the introduction of terms related to Western science and civilization and new political and economic systems, and searched for their examples in ``Integrated Database of Korean Classics,`` an integrated database on Korean Studies of the Institute for the Translation of Korean Classics, and found that 340 out of the 360 Sin-Korean words had many examples. This means that 76% of the 442 Sino-Korean words are interrelated with Chinese classical books. However, further discussion is necessary on how meaningful Sino-Korean words presented in the textbooks are in the use of language and the comprehension of Sino-Korean today. Moreover, educational effect should be maximized through adding detailed explanations using spaces such as side margins, bottom, and appendices for Sino-Korean words whose original meanings are different from definitions in the Korean dictionary or whose meanings are not understandable without early literature.

청열방제간(淸熱方劑間)의 연관성(聯關性) 확립(確立)에 대(對)한 문헌적(文獻的) 연구(硏究)

유재현,제갈경환,윤지석,노종성,변성희,김상찬,Yoo, Jea Hyun,Jegal, Kyung Hwan,Yoon, Ji Seok,Roh, Jong Seong,Byun, Sung Hui,Kim, Sang Chan 대한한의학방제학회 2021 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.29 No.4

Objectives : In traditional herbal medicine, as clinical experience increased, the number of herbal formulas also increased. For example, there are 61,739 herbal formulas in Pujifang, and 96,592 in Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescriptions. In chapter of Clear Heat (CH; 淸熱劑) of textbook, the 38 formulas were presented. For enhancing understanding of herbal formula, a large majority of books explained each individual formula with description or figure about interactions between constituent herbs. But there is no study on the interrelationship of each CH herbal formulas. This study investigated the interrelationship of CH herbal formulas. Methods : The CH herbal formula were analyzed with the ingredients, actions and clinical applications by literature study. Results : To improve cognition the interrelationship of CH herbal formulas, we analyzed the formulas and established the 16 interrelations of herbal formulas. Conclusions : Finally, this study established the interrelation of herbal formula as one figure. This result could contribute to improve cognition on the interrelationship of CH herbal formulas.

해표방제간(解表方劑間)의 연관성(聯關性) 확립(確立)에 대(對)한 문헌적(文獻的) 연구(硏究)

유재현,윤지석,제갈경환,노종성,변성희,김상찬,Yoo, Jea Hyun,Yoon, Ji Seok,Jegal, Kyung Hwan,Roh, Jong Seong,Byun, Sung Hui,Kim, Sang Chan 대한한의학방제학회 2021 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.29 No.2

Objectives : The process of disease treatment in traditional medicine is defined as differentiating patterns and determining treatment. As an important part of this process, the herbal formulas are specific combinations or configurations of medicinal herbs that serve as tools for treatment. As clinical experience increased, the number of herbal formulas also increased. For example, there are 61,739 herbal formulas in Pujifang, and 96,592 in Dictionary of traditional chinese medicine prescriptions. In chapter of Release the exterior syndrome (RES; 解表劑) of textbook, the 42 formulas were presented. For the understanding on the formula, most of books explained with description or figure about the formulas. But there is no study on the interrelationship of each herbal formulas. This study investigated the interrelationship of RES herbal formulas. Methods : The RES herbal formulas were analyzed with the ingredients, actions and clinical applications by literature study. Results : To improve cognition the interrelationship of RES herbal formulas, we analyzed the formulas and established the 19 interrelations of herbal formulas. Conclusions : Finally, this study established the interrelation of herbal formula as one figure. This result could contribute to improve cognition the interrelationship of RES.

복합 상업시설 내 목적시설의 공간적 상호연계성 분석

전명화(Jeon Myung-Hwa),박영기(Park Young-Ki) 대한건축학회 2008 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.28 No.1(계획계)

In commercial multi-complexes, not only spatial composition but spatial use can influence on pedestrian circulation and space utilization of users. The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial interrelation between destinations placing a focus on spatial use in commercial complexes. Through applying Justified Graph theory, this study analyzed the interrelation of node and edge that is the connection of destinations with their coupling circulation. As the result that this study made investigation into I-Park Mall in Seoul, the spatial interrelation of destinations has an average of 4.15 and food zone. Also event park, and commercial zone have higher interrelation than other attractive destinations such as e-sports stadium, convenience facilities, e-mart, and wedding hall.

체형분류 방법에 따른 체형 유형 간 비교 : 18~20세 여성을 대상으로 Between 18 and 24 years old Korean Women

이정임,남윤자 한국의류산업학회 2004 한국의류산업학회지 Vol.6 No.2

The purpose of this study was to compare somatotypes from various classification methods, to analyze the interrelation among each somatotype or each high frequency type, and to suggest the basis to interpret body size and shape more accurately. As a sample, the subjects were 97 Korean females between 18 and 24 years old. They were measured both anthropometric and photographic measuring in November, 1999. Their somatotypes were classified by three kinds of classification methods. The first method was based on the lateral view of body; the second involved Factor and Cluster analysis with the photographic measurements of anterior and lateral body, and the third involved Factor and Cluster analysis with the anthropometric measurements of whole body. The upper body was classified into three types, and the lower body was classified into 6 types from the lateral view of body. The bend-forward/q-2 was found to be the `High-frequency type from the lateral view of body', and the Straight/n-1 was found to be the 'Straight type from the lateral view of body'. From the classification by the analysis of photographic measurements, the anterior body was classified into three types, the lateral was classified into 4 types. The X/e type was found to be the `High-frequency type from the analysis of photographic measurements of anterior and lateral body'. From the classification by the analysis of anthropometric measurements, the whole body was classified into three types. The i type was found to be the 'High-frequency type from the analysis of anthropometric measurements of whole body'. The significant interrelation was certified among some somatotypes or some High-frequency types. We found that both the view of body and the statistical analysis would make the clear definition of each somatotype possible. In order to certify the representativeness of High-frequency type, further analysis would be required of subjects who were in the High-frequency type and their body parts were in the High-frequency range.