대구지역의 대기오염도 특성평가(I) : 지역별 및 계절별 농도변동을 중심으로 Locational and Seasonal variations

백성옥,최진수,황승만,김광은 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1996 環境硏究 Vol.15 No.2

본 연구는 대구지방환경관리청과 유관기관 등에서 과거 7년간(1988~1994년) 측정한 대기질 관련자료중 아황산가스, 분진, 일산화탄소, 질소산화물 및 오존을 대상으로 통계분석하여 각기 배출강도가 다른 지역별 농도분포 특성을 평가하였고 대구지역의 전반적인 대기질 변화추이를 파악하였다. 그 결과 각 지점별 아황산가스의 농도는 전형적인 동고하저형을 나타내었으며, 도시가스공급과 황함량규제등 연료변환 정책의 효과로 인해 점차적으로 감소하고 있는 추세를 보이고 있다. 부유분진은 결측치가 많아 장기적인 농도변화추이를 판단하기는 어려웠으나 아황산가스와 같이 큰 계절적인 변동은 보이지 않았다. 질소산화물의 전반적인 농도분포는 장기 환경기준치 50ppb를 초과하지 않는 수준이었으나 최근엔 이동배출원의 영향이 가중되어 그 농도가 꾸준히 증가하는 추세인 반면 동고하저형의 계절적인 변동을 나타내는 일산화탄소는 가정용 무연탄 사용량의 감소로 대기중 일산화탄소의 농도는 점점 감소하고 있는 추세이다. 오존은 전반적으로 일사량이 많은 하절기에 농도가 높았고 동절기에는 농도가 낮은 경향을 보였다. 한편 주요 대기오염물질의 장·단기 기준달성도를 비교분석한 결과 대구지역의 대기오염물질중 아황산가스의 고농도 발생빈도는 공업지역에 집중되어 있었으며 질소산화물과 일산화탄소는 아직은 장·단기 환경기준을 초과하지 않는 수준으로 나타났고, 분진과 오존의 경우는 공업지역 뿐만 아니라 전지역에서 그 발생빈도가 유사하게 나타났다. In this study, characteristics and distributional patterns of the concentrations of air pollutants in Taegu area were evaluated using a data-base established from the ambient air quality monitoring stations for the period of 1989 to 1994. The result of this study demonstrated that in each sampling site, the SO_2 concentrations were much higher in winter than those in summer. However, a decreasing tendency was clearly shown in the annual variation of SO_2 concentrations, largely due to the use of LPG instead of anthracite coal for local heating systems and to the fuel policy of using lower sulfur content fuel in industrial sectors. Unlike SO_2, there was no distinct seasonal variation in the concentrations of suspended particulate matter. Concentrations of NO_x were found to be generally lower than the long term ambient air quality standard (50 ppb). The NO_x concentration has been gradually increased, reflecting the rapidly increased number of vehicles In this area, while the CO levels In ambient air were declind because of the reduced use of coal for domestic purposes. The Ozone concentrations in Taegu area exhibited that there has been already photochemical smog phenomena during the summer season when the insolation is strong.

Fluoride, Bisphosphonate 및 Gallium이 상아질 흡수 억제에 미치는 영향

백은영,유윤정,노병덕,최윤정,이승종 大韓齒科保存學會 1997 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.22 No.2

Replacement resorption is followed by the delayed replantation of an avulsed tooth. Currently no effective treatment is substantiated for replacement resorption. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of stannous fluoride, bisphosphonate(etidronate disodium) and gallium nitrate, which have been shown to reduce dentin resorption, on human dentin. Osteoclasts were collected from tibeas of chich embryo. The cells were well agitated to prevent adhesion and seeded onto the sliced human dentin wafers which had been soaked in either culture media(control), or several different concentrations of stannous fluoride, etidronate disodium(1-hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-bisphosphonate disodium), and gallium nitrate. Resorption was measured by counting the number of resorptive pit produced by the cells. Results are ad follows. Stannous fluoride and etidronate disodium showed statistically significant reduction of dentin resorption(p<0.05) but the effect of stannous fluoride seemed to be its high cytotoxicity. Etidronate disodium did not show cytotoxicities in all experimented concentrations. Gallium nitrate did not show differences in resorption either between different concentrations of from the control group.

안와하부 골절의 임상적 연구

백은호,고승오,신효근 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2000 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.22 No.3

This study was aimed at furnishing the data of infraorbital wall fractures and aiding treatment. This is the retrospective study on infraorbital wall fractures. The patients were treated in the Dept. of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery of Chon-Buk National University Hospital from Jan. 1, 1996 to Sep. 30, 1999. The result were as follows : Male predominated over female by a ratio of 3.57 : 1. The most common reason was traffic accident(64.1%) . The elapsed time from injury to operation was average 10.4 days. The most frequent site of fractures was Zygomatico-Maxillary complex fracture(61.7%) . The highest department of associated injuries was neurologic Dept. (52.3%). The complication after fractures were the ophthalmologic(20.3%), esthetic(14.8%), facial numbness(4.7%) , etc in this order. The highest ophthalmologic complications was the enophthalmos(7%) .

Nitinol 형상기억합금 전해가공의 전해액 영향분석

김백겸,신태희,백승엽,이은상 한국공작기계학회 2008 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.-

Electro-chemical Machining, the anodic dissolution process is able to achieve wanted a sharp shape and high quality surface without contact with workpiece and low heat effect using electrochemical reaction between anode and cathode. In hence this process useful to apply micro structure. A shape memory alloy for micro-structure and micro industrial technique, Nitinol is composed of approximately 55% Nikel and 45% Titanium by weight. This material is able to function as to transform specific shape from a certain deformation when the alloy is heated. Therefore Nitinol is used for several industries such as a medical industry, a aerospace, electrical application on a part of micro structure. In this paper, effect of electrolyte is studied on electrochemical machining for Nitinol shape memory alloy, copper is used for electrode, diameter and depth are measured as a extent of processing using optical microscope.

마이크로 핀을 이용한 니티놀 형상기억 합금의 마이크로 전해가공 특성 분석

신민정,백승엽,김백겸,이은상 한국공작기계학회 2007 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2007 No.-

Electrochemical micro machining, the anodic dissolution process without contact with tools, can achieve a wanted shape of the surface using electrochemical reaction between anode and cathode. Nitinol is a metal alloy composed of Ni and Ti around 50% respectively which has shape memory effect. Nitinol can be put various applications which require micro scale structure. The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristic of electrochemical micro machining for nitinol workpieces. In order to analyze the characteristics of electrochemical micro machining for nitinol, tungsten carbide micro pin was used for electrode and the machined area was observed by optical microscope.

미세 펄스 전압을 이용한 마이크로 전해가공에 관한 연구

조창래,백승엽,이은상 한국공작기계학회 2003 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2003 No.-

Electrochemical micromachining which is not normally considered as a precision process is presented in this paper. The application of voltage pulses between a tool electrode and a workpiece in an electrochemical environment allows the three-dimensional machining of conducting materials with micrometer precision. In this paper tool-electrodes(5μm in diameter, l㎜ in length) are developed by electrochemical micromaching and micro holes are manufactured using this tool-electrodes we developed already. Micro holes are achieved the accuracy below 50μm in diameter using ultrashort voltage pulses(0.1-5μs).

아마릴 정(글리메피리드 2㎎)에 대한 글리메드 정의 생물학적 동등성

조혜영,박은자,강현아,백승희,이석,김세미,문재동,이용복 한국약제학회 2004 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.34 No.2

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two glimepiride tables, Amaryl^(?)(Handok/Aventis Pharm. Co., Ltd.) and Glimed (Kuhn Ⅱ Pharm. Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The glimepiride release from the two glimepiride formulations in vitro was tested using KP Ⅷ Apparatus Ⅱ method with a variety of dissolution media (pH 1.2, 4.0, 6.8 buffer solution, water and blend of PSB 80 into each dissolution medium). Twenty six healthy male subjects, 22.65±2.19 years in age and 66.55±8.85 kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and randomized 2×2 cross-over study was employed. After one tablet containing 2 ㎎ as glimepiride was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of glimepiride in serum were determined using HPLC method with UV detctor. The dissolution profiles of two formulations were similar at all dissolution media. Besides, the pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC_(t), C_(max) and untransformed T_(max). The results showed that the differences between two formulations based on the Amaryl were -3.70, -8.28 and 0.61% for AUC_(t), C_(max) and T_(max), respectively. There were no sequence effects between two formulations in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log(0.8) to log(1.25)(e.g., log(0.84)∼log(1.04) and log(0.82)∼log(1.03) for AUC_(t) and C_(max), respectively). Thus, the criteria of the KFDA guideline for the bioequivalence were satisfied, indicating Glimed tablet and Amaryl tablet were bioequivalent.

2003년 국내 중증급성호흡기증후군 진료 현황 및 문제점 분석

이진수,김은실,정문현,백제중,정선화,안주희,최영화,이선희,고철우,김성범,김민자,박승철,기현균,송재훈,최상호,김양수,이상오,조용균,박영훈,정숙인,김연숙,이흥범,손창희,장성희,정희진,김우주 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.3

목적 : 2002년 말 중국에서 SARS가 발생한 이후 국내에서도 2003년 10월까지 총 3명의 추정환자, 17명의 의심환자가 보고되었다. 향후 추가적인 SARS의 유행이 우려되는 상황에서, 그간의 SARS 환자 진료에 있어서의 실질적인 준비사항, 진료 현황 등에 대한 조사를 통해 문제점을 파악하여, 향후 더 나은 대비가 될 수 있도록 개선점을 제시하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : SARS로 의심되는 환자를 진료 경험이 있는 병원의료진을 대상으로 2003년 10월에 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문에는 SARS 환자 진료 시의 실질적인 조치, 진료 현황, 병실, 응급실 및 외래에서의 격리 시설과 준비사항, 보건당국의 관리와 지원에 관한 사항을 포함하였다. 결과 : 대상이 되는 22개 병원 중 17개(17/22, 77.2%) 병원이 설문에 응하였다. SARS 환자를 위한 격리실은 응급실, 외래, 일반병실 및 중환자실에서 각각 9개(9/17, 52.9%), 5개(5/17, 29.4%), 15개(15/16, 93.7%), 4개(4/16, 25%) 병원에서 음압처리가 되어있지 않은 일인실 혹은 다인실이 사용되었고, 1개(1/16, 6.3%) 병원에서만 일반병실에서 음압격리실이 운영되었다. 입원환자의 진찰 시 개인보호구의 착용은 거의 모든 의료기관에서 이루어졌다. 보건당국에서 SARS지정병원의 시설 등을 사전에 확인한 곳은 1곳(1/12, 8.3%)이였고, 14개 병원(14/15, 93.3%)에서는 보건당국에 의뢰한 검사결과를 통하 받지 못하였다. 결론 : 의료기관에서 SARS 환자용 격리실뿐만 아니라 기존의 격리실 설비 등이 미흡하였으며, 특히 중환자실 및 외래의 준비가 더욱 부족하였다. 보건당국의 의료기관에 대한 종합적인 지원이 부족하였고, 병원과의 원활한 연계가 잘 이루어지지 않았다. SARS 만이 아닌 격리를 필요로 하는 질환의 적절한 진료를 위해 향후 병원 시설의 정비와 정부차원에서의 보다 구체적이고 실질적인 대책마련이 필요하다. Background : There was an worldwide outbreak of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) originated from China in late 2002. During that period three cases of suspected SARS and 17 cases of probable SARS were reported in Korea. With the concerns about the reemergence of SARS-coV transmission, it is important to be prepared for any possibility. So, this study is aimed to analysis the past measures in managing SARS and propose the amendatory plans to improve the preparedness. Materials & Methods : Questionnaires were collected among clinicians with any experience in managing the probable or suspected SARS cases in Oct. 2003. 17 out of 22 hospitals responded to the questionnaire. The contents in the questionnaire were practical activities, personal equipments, response plans, isolation facilities in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards and intensive care units, and relationship with the public health department. Results : The dedicated isolation rooms in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards, and intensive care units were prepared in 9 (9/17, 52.9%), 5 (5/17, 29.4%), 15 (15/16, 93.7%), and 4 (4/16, 25.0%) hospitals, respectively. Except for one hospital that newly made negative pressure room for SARS, single or multi-bed rooms without airborne infection control were used in all the other hospitals. The personal precaution principles were kept quite well in general wards. Before the designation of SARS hospital by the public health department prior evalution to see if the hospital was suitable for managing SARS was conducted in only 1 (1/12, 8.3%) hospital. The results of laboratory diagnosis were reported back in 1 (1/15, 6.6%) hospital. Conclusions : The isolation facilities which can control airborne infection were almost deficient not only for SARS but also for other respiratory transmissible diseases. For the infection control of transmissible diseases including SARS, more investment is needed on medical facilities and comprehensive support from the public health department required.

비유피-4 정(염산프로피베린 20㎎)에 대한 건일염산프로피베린 정의 생물학적동등성

조혜영,박은자,강현아,백승희,김세미,박찬호,오인준,문재동,이용복 한국약제학회 2004 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.34 No.5

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two propiverine hydrochloride tablets. BUP-4 (Jeil Pharm. Co., Ltd.) and Kuhnil Propiverine Hydrochloride (Kuhnil Pharm. Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The propiverine release from the two propiverine hydrochloride formulations in vitro was tested using KP Ⅷ Apparatus Ⅱ method with a variety of dissolution media (pH 1.2, 4.0, 6.8 buffer solutions, water and blend of polysorbate 80 into pH 6.8). Twenty six healthy male subjects, 23.73 ± 2.79 years in age and 67.04 ± 7.93 kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized 2 x 2 cross-over study was employed. After one tablet containing 20 mg as propiverine hydrochloride was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of propiverine in serum were determined using HPLC method with UV detector. The dis-solution profiles of two formulations were similar at all dissolution media. Besides, the pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC" C _(max) and T _(max) were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed AUC, C_(max), and untransformed T_(max). The results showed that the differences between two formulations based on the BUP-4 were 0.17%, 7.98% and 4.55% for AUC,, C_(max), and respectively. There were no sequence effects between two formulations in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically trans-formed data were within the acceptance range of log(0.8) to log(1.25) (e.g., log(0.88)-log(l .12) and log(0.90)-log(l.15) for AUC, and _(max), respectively). Thus, the criteria of the KFDA bioequivalence guideline were satisfied, indicating Kuhnil Propiverine Hydrochloride tablet was bioequivalent to BUP-4 tablet.

Expansin으로 형질전환 된 담배의 생장 특성

신하정, 성현정, 백승준, 김보미, 엄유리, 조은정, 정찬문, 이이 충북대학교 연초연구소 2008 煙草硏究 Vol.21 No.-

-본문참고-