A Development of Assessment Model for Maintenance of Type R Fire Alarm System in the Building

Lee,Su-Kyung,Yoo,Sang-Bin,Nam,Yang-Won 한국화재소방학회 1997 한국화재소방학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1997 No.-

Type R fire alarm is required intelligent buildings and height buildings which was based on automatic system. But in Korea, maintenance of fire alarm system is very poor. In this study, we developed assessment model for the type R fire alarm system which was assessed by using 96 checklist items. The assessment model was tested through the actual 4 buildings with type R fire alarm system. It is shown that present model can be applied for the assessment of all buildings through the examination of the suitability of assessment model by actual assessment. Also, it was made easily fire manager to carry out checklist for type R fire alarm system in buildings.

Bi-factor MIRT True-Score Equating for Testlet-Based Tests

이규민(Gue min Lee),Won Chan Lee,Michael J Kolen,박인용(In Yong Park),Dong In Kim,Ji Seung Yang 한국교육평가학회 2015 교육평가연구 Vol.28 No.2

Lee and Lee (2014) proposed bi-factor multidimensional item response theory model (BFM) "observed-score" equating procedures. The main purposes of this study were to develop BFM "true-score" equating procedures, and to investigate applicability of the proposed procedures with actual data. Eight equating methods (including both true- and observed-score) based on dichotomous IRT (2-parameter logistic model: 2PL), polytomous IRT (graded response model: GRM), testlet response model (TRM), and BFM were compared with target equipercentile equating. Data for this study were from the Reading Comprehension test for a large-scale state assessment program, which consisted of several passages and corresponding groups of items. True- and observed-score equating methods based upon 2PL and BFM produced similar equating results. The GRM true- and observed-score equating methods provided equating results somewhat different from others, and more similar to the target equipercentile equating. Lee와 Lee(2014) 연구는 혼합형 검사에서의 bi-factor 다차원 문항반응모형을 적용한 IRT "관찰점수" 동등화 절차를 제안하였다. 이 연구는 Lee와 Lee(2014) 연구의 추수연구로 단위검사를 대상으로 bi-factor 다차원 문항반응모형을 적용한 IRT "진점수" 동등화 절차를 제안하고, 그 적용 가능성을 실제 자료를 이용하여 탐색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 단위검사로 구성된 대규모 독해 검사 자료를 이용하여, 2모수 로지스틱 모형(2-parameter logistic model: 2PL), 등급반응모형(graded response model: GRM), 단위검사모형(testlet response model: TRM), bi-factor 모형(bi-factor model: BFM)을 적용하였으며, 관찰점수 및 진점수 동등화를 시행하여 총 8개의 동등화 방법을 적용하고, 산출된 결과를 동백분위 동등화 결과와 비교하였다. 연구 결과, 2PL과 BFM을 적용한 관찰점수 및 진점수 동등화는 유사한 결과를 산출하였으며, GRM을 적용한 관찰점수 및 진점수 동등화 방법은 다른 방법들과 다소 차이를 보이는 결과를 산출하였고, 비교 기준이 된 동백분위 동등화 결과와 보다 유사한 결과를 보였다.

중국의 미니멀리즘 패션에 나타난 미의식 연구 -도가(道家)의 ‘도(道)’ 미학을 중심으로-

양정원(Yang, Jung Won),이미숙(Lee, Mi Suk) 한국디자인문화학회 2021 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.27 No.2

본 연구 목적은 탈현대적 가치를 갖는 도가사상의 ‘도(道)’ 미학에 주목하여 중국의 미니멀리즘 패션에 내재되어 있는 미의식을 분석하고자 한다. 연구 방법은 선행 연구 및 관련 서적을 중심으로 문헌 고찰을 통해 서양 미니멀리즘과 이와 연관성을 갖는 ‘도’ 미학을 살펴보고 이를 토대로 도가적 미니멀리즘 미의식을 도출한 후 중국의 미니멀리즘 패션의 미의식을 분석하였다. 연구범위는 2008년 이후부터 2021년까지 중국문화에 노출되어 중국문화의 영향을 받은 중국계디자이너들이 전통적 미의식을 통해서 미니멀리즘으로 재해석한 작품을 대상으로 하였다. 서양 미니멀리즘과 상응하는 연관성을 갖는 ‘도’ 미학을 허(虛), 무위자연(無爲自然), 유(遊), 유무상생(有無相生) 등의 미적 개념으로 대별하여 조형적 특성 및 미적 가치를 살펴본 후 도출된 도가적 미니멀리즘의 미의식은 ‘비움의 허무미’, ‘미완의 약졸미’, ‘일기적 공간미’, ‘변증적 상생미’ 등으로 나타났으며 이를 토대로 중국의 미니멀리즘 패션에 내재된 미의식을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 서양의 미니멀리즘의 ‘단순성’은 자연의 ‘본질추구’라는 특성을 내포한 ‘허’의 미적 개념과 연관성이 발견되며, ‘허의 미니멀리즘적 단순성’에서 도출된 ‘비움의 허무미’는 무정형이며 일체의 꾸밈이 없는 직선형 실루엣의 간결한 형식으로 표출된다. 둘째, 미니멀리즘의 ‘환원성’은 ‘자연적 본질로의 회귀’라는 특성을 내포한 ‘무위자연’의 미적 개념과 연관성이 발견되며, ‘무위자연의 미니멀리즘적 환원성’에서 도출된 ‘미완의 약졸미’는 인위적 흔적을 덜어내고 자연의 본성 그대로를 전시하기 위해 천연재료의 본형을 살리려는 방법으로 표출된다. 셋째, 미니멀리즘의 ‘상황성’은 ‘절대 자유의 공간 추구’의 특성을 내포한 ‘유’의 미적 개념과 연관성이 발견되며, ‘유의 미니멀리즘적 상황성’에서 도출된 ‘일기적 공간미’는 비구조적 풍성한 실루엣, 천연의 질감을 갖는 소재 등을 통해 표출된다. 넷째, 미니멀리즘의 ‘전체성’은 ‘유무대립의 관계가 상생하여 강렬한 어울림’을 내포한 ‘유무상생’의 미적 개념과 연관성이 발견되며, ‘유무상생의 미니멀리즘적 전체성’에서 도출된 ‘변증적 상생미’는 비대칭, 비균제적 조화를 통해 표출된다. 이상으로 자연주의적 색채가 강한 도가적 미의식은 환경을 고려한 지속 가능한 패션 디자인의 기초자료로 활용되리라 기대된다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the aesthetic consciousness inherent in Chinese minimalism fashion by paying attention to the ‘Do’ aesthetics of the Taoism, which has post-modern values. As a research method, through literature review focusing on previous studies and related books, Western minimalism and its related ‘Do’ aesthetics were examined, and the aesthetic consciousness of Taoist minimalism was derived based on this, and then the aesthetic consciousness of Chinese minimalism fashion was analyzed. The scope of the study was targeted at works that were exposed to Chinese culture from 2008 to 2021 and reinterpreted as minimalism by Chinese designers who were influenced by Chinese culture with a traditional aesthetic consciousness. The aesthetic consciousness of Taoist minimalism, which was derived after examining formative characteristics and aesthetic values by dividing the aesthetics of ‘Do’, which has a corresponding connection with Western minimalism, into aesthetic concepts such as ‘Heo’, ‘Muwi-jayeon’, ‘Yu’, ‘Yumusangsaeng’, appeared as ‘Empty Heomu beauty’ and ‘Unfinished Yakzol beauty’, ‘Ilgijeok Space beauty’, ‘Dialectic Win-win beauty’. Based on this, the results of analyzing the aesthetic consciousness inherent in Chinese minimalism fashion are as follows. First, the ‘simplicity’ of Western minimalism is found to be related to the aesthetic concept of ‘Heo’ which implies the ‘pursuit of the essence’ of nature, the ‘Empty Heo-mu beauty’ derived from ‘Heo’s minimalistic simplicity’ is expressed in a concise form of a straight silhouette without any amorphous ornamentation. Second, the ‘reduction’ of minimalism is found to be related to the aesthetic concept of ‘Muwi-jayeon’, which contains the characteristics of ‘return to the essence of nature’ and ‘Unfinished Yakzol beauty’ derived from ‘minimalistic reducibility of Muwi-jayeon’ is expressed as a way to remove artificial traces and reveal nature. Third, the ‘situationality’ of minimalism is found to be related to the aesthetic concept of ‘Yu’, which contains the characteristics of ‘absolute freedom space pursuit’, and the ‘Ilgijeok Space beauty’ derived from ‘minimalistic situationality of Yu’, is expressed through unstructured silhouettes and natural textures. Fourth, the ‘wholeness’ of minimalism is found to be related to the aesthetic concept of ‘Yumusangsaeng’ that implies ‘intense harmony due to the coexistence of relationships’, and ‘Dialectic Win-win beauty’ derived from the ‘Yumusangsaeng’ of the aesthetics of the ‘existence-free coexistence’ is expressed through asymmetric and non-uniform harmony. As mentioned above, the Taoist aesthetic with strong naturalistic colors is expected to be used as a basic material for sustainable fashion design considering the environment.

국내 정형외과 의료소송 현황 파악

이원(Won Lee),이미진(Mi Jin Lee),김용민(Yong Min Kim),우찬명(Chan Myung Woo),김소윤(So Yoon Kim),김양수(Yang-Soo Kim) 대한정형외과학회 2016 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.51 No.3

목적: 국내 정형외과 관련 의료소송 판결문의 분석을 통하여 정형외과 의료소송의 현황과 원인이 된 과정을 파악하고자 함이다. 대상 및 방법: 소송시작이 2005년부터 2010년인 정형외과 의료소송 판결문 341건을 대상으로 하여 빈도분석을 실시하였다. 결과: 사건 발생 시점에서 소송 종결 시점까지의 평균 소요기간은 4.22년이었다. 의료소송의 원인이 된 과정은 수술이 46.3%였고, 수술의 종류는 척추 수술이 가장 많았다. 사고의 결과는 장애가 가장 많았고, 최종심 결과는 원고일부승이 40.5%, 원고패(기각)가 34.3%였다. 감염은 전체 중 26.1%에서 발생하였고, 손해배상 청구금액은 평균 181,998,036원이었으며 인용금액은 평균 58,897,161원이었다. 결론: 정형외과 의료소송으로 이어진 의료사고의 주요 원인 과정은 수술이 가장 많았고, 그 중에서도 척추 수술이 가장 많았다. 추후 의료사고의 근본 원인분석을 통해 의료사고를 줄이고 재발을 방지하기 위한 후속 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다. Purpose: Through the analysis of orthopedics lawsuit rulings, the purpose of this study is to understand the current trends of medical lawsuits in orthopedics in Korea. Materials and Methods: An analysis of medical lawsuits in orthopedics was conducted. As the study method, a quantitative analysis was performed on 341 cases. Results: The average period of lawsuits, from the occurrence of the medical accident to end of the ruling, took an average of 4.22 years. The most frequent procedure that was the main cause of the medical accidents was surgery, at 46.3%. When surgery is the main procedure that caused the medical accidents, the result of examining the types of surgeries showed that spine surgery had the highest percentage. For the outcome of the accident, the highest number of cases resulted in disability and for the final court outcome, 40.5% ruled partially in favor of the plaintiff (the patient) with acknowledgement of only the damage incurred due to medical error of the total sum claimed, and dismissal of the claim made by the plaintiff (patient) accounted for 34.3%; 26.1% of cases develop infection. For the amount of claim for damage, the average amount of claim was 181,998,036 won; in the judgement amount, the average amount of judgement was 58,897,161 won. Conclusion: The most frequent procedure in orthopedics was surgery and spine surgery comprised a large proportion of these surgeries. Future studies to determine root causes of medical accidents should be conducted to reduce medical lawsuits and to plan against the repeating of medical accidents.

기상조절(인공강우와 안개저감)의 경제적 가치 추정 연구

이철규(Chulkyu Lee),장기호(Ki-Ho Chang),차주완(Joo-Wan Cha),정재원(Jae-Won Jung),정진임(Jin-Yim Jeong),양하영(Ha-Young Yang),서성규(Sung-Kyu Seo),배진영(Jin-Young Bae),강선영(Sun-Young Kang),최영진(Young-Jean Choi),조하만(Ha-man Cho) 한국기상학회 2010 대기 Vol.20 No.2

We estimate the economic benefit of weather modification (precipitation enhancement and fog dissipation) by assuming its operation for the considered regions. Based on the statistical data, the economic benefit of the virtually operational precipitation enhancement experiments for the Andong and Imha basins, where the natural precipitation is relatively lack in South Korea, is calculated 348 for the water resources, 22,458 for forest fire prevention, and 28,458 million won/year for the drought relief. The benefit of the fog dissipation operation for the Incheon International Airport is estimated 7,365 million won/year for the flight delay due to fog. The calculated ratio of benefit to cost for precipitation enhancement operation for the basins is 14.07, which is comparable to that conducted in other countries.

Analysis of acne-related judicial precedents from 1997 to 2018 in South Korea

( Ji Hoon Yang ),( Soo Ick Cho ),( Su Hwan Shin ),( Won Lee ),( So Yoon Kim ),( Dae Hun Suh ) 대한피부과학회 2019 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.71 No.2

Background: Medicolegal disputes are increasing in practical medicine. Acne is a common problem but is usually related to cosmetic problems such as acne scars. Medications or procedures related to acne could lead to medical malpractice. Objectives: To analyze medical litigation associated with acne or acne scar in South Korea. Methods: Acne-related judgements were searched using the Supreme Court of Korea’s Written Judgment Management System based on the keywords “acne” or “acne scar.” Results: Eleven cases were selected as litigated cases of acne or acne scar. Eight cases (72.7%) were related to acne scar and three (27.3%) were related to acne. Treatment modalities such as peeling (n = 6), laser treatment (n = 3), photodynamic therapy (n = 1), and antibiotic (n = 1) resulted in lawsuit. Claimed sequelae of the treatment were hyperpigmentation (n = 5), scar worsening (n = 5), erythema (n = 3), skin bumps (n = 1), and liver transplant (n = 1). Eight cases (72.7%) were awarded to the plaintiff, and the others were dismissed. The average awarded amount was 16,801,324± 24,452,486 (mean±standard deviation) Korean Won. Conclusion: Various treatments for acne or acne scar can cause medical disputes. Unnecessary litigation could be prevented if simple measures such as history taking, choosing proper procedure, and adequate management after the procedure along with sufficient informed consent were performed.

Recovery Effects from Oxidative Cell Damage by So-Hap-Hyang-Won on Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells (BAEC)

Lee, Mi-Hwa,Kim, Ji-Young,Ju, Hyun-Yang,Lee, Ju-Young,Roh, Sang-Keun,Gu, Bon-Seong,Kim, Min-Ho,Han, Sang-Min,Kim, Hong-Sik,Choi, Won-Chul The Society of Korean Medicine 2003 대한한의학회지 Vol.24 No.4

So-Hap-Hyang-Won, a traditional oriental medicine used in the treatment of stroke patients, was examined for its ability to reverse the cell damage caused by lipid peroxidation products and oxidative stress in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC). The effects of herbal medicine on cell proliferation and recovery of oxidative damaged situation were studied in BAEC, which was considered an appropriate in vitro model for stroke resulting from various vascular diseases prevalent in advanced age. In a clinical study of stroke patients, So-Hap-Hyang-Won appeared to improve considerably arm and leg movements as well as consciousness disturbance condition, compared with other traditional medicines used for stroke. When BAEC were treated with extracts of the lyophilized herbal medicines, only that of So-Hap-Hyang-Won stimulated cell proliferation and showed no toxicity even at high concentrations. In studies of BAEC treated with extracts of the lyophilized material of the 14 components of So-Hap-Hyang-Won, only the extract of Foeniculi Fructus stimulated cell growth at all concentrations tested. Moreover, when cells were treated with Foeniculi Fructus (10 and 100 mg/ml) extract after prior exposure to t-BHP ($l0\mu\textrm{M}$) or HNE ($0.2\mu\textrm{M}$), lipid peroxidation products which are known to be involved in aging and vascular diseases, or after the exposure to SIN-l ($500\mu\textrm{M}$), which generates nitric oxide (NO) and other reactive oxygen species, there was substantial recovery from the oxidative damage, presumably due to the radical-scavenging effect of Foeniculi Fructus extract. Foeniculi Fructus not only showed stimulatory effects on cell growth and cell damage repair in BAEC, but also appeared to show the most anti-aging activity among all the herbal components of So-Hap-Hyang-Won.

[PD-0019] Expression of colorectal cancer antigenic protein fused to IgM Fc for plant cell factory system using Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa)

Do-Sun Kim(Do-Sun Kim),Ye-Rin Lee(Ye-Rin Lee),Kisung Ko(Kisung Ko),Taewon Yang(Taewon Yang),Seung-Won Lee(Seung-Won Lee),Sang-Hyun Moh(Sang-Hyun Moh),Hye-Eun Lee(Hye-Eun Lee),Eun Su Lee(Eun Su Lee),Ko 한국육종학회 2022 한국육종학회 공동학술발표집 Vol.2022 No.-

Extrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer

Lee, Hyucksang,Wang, Hee Jung,Nah, Yang Won 인제대학교 1995 仁濟醫學 Vol.16 No.3

간외담도암은 우리나라에서 모든 암종의 1.3%를 차지하는 드문 질환으로서 예후는 매우 불량하다. 그러나 일본등지에서는 최근 적극적인 절제술을 시행하여 매우 향상된 결과를 보고하기도 한다. 목적 : 저자들은 우리나라에서 간외담도암의 임상상, 진단 및 치료 방법, 그리고 치료성적을 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 우리나라의 10개 병원에서 1983년부터 1991년 사이에 간외담도암의 수술적치료를 주제로 발표한 문헌을 고찰하여 임상상, 진단 및 치료방법, 그리고 치료성적을 분석하였다. 결과 : 모두 526예의 환자에 대하여 분석이 가능하였다. 환자의 나이는 4세부터 81세까지로 50대와 60대가 전체의 65%를 차지하였다. 남녀비는 1.9:1이었다. 자각증상으로서는 황달이 81%로서 가장 흔하였고 영상진단 방법으로서는 경피경간담도조영술의 정확도가 가장 높았다(85.7%) 암종의 위치는 상부담도에 30.3%, 중부담도에 22.1%, 하부담도에 32.9%였고 15%의 예에서는 미만성이었다. 담석은 11.2%에서, 간디스토마(liver flukes)는 6.2%에서 동반하고 있었다. 환자의 30.2%만이 절제술을 시행받았고 21.3%는 내루술을, 37.5%는 외루술을 시행받았다. 절제군의 수술사망률은 6.1%로서 배액술군의 13.1%보다 낮았으며, 전체 환자의 수술사망률은 9.5%였다. 전체 환자의 1년, 3년 및 5년 생존율은 각각 44.0%, 10.3%, 5.3%에 불과하였으며, 절제군의 3년 생존율은 23.8% 였다. 결론 : 서양과는 달리 우리나라에서 간외담도암은 상부담도에 특히 호발하는 경향은 보이지 않았다. 전체 환자의 5년생존율이 5.3%에 불과하지만 치유절제술이 가능하다면 예후를 개선시킬 수 있다고 사료되는 바이다. Five hundred and twenty-six cases of the surgically treated carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile duct collected from 10 major institutions in Korea were retrospectively reviewed based on the data published during the period 1983 through 1991. The tumors were located in the upper-, middle-, and lower-third of the duct in 30.3%, 22.1%, and 32.9% of the patients. The associated conditions included the presence of gallstones (11.2%) and liver flukes (6.2%). The procedures undertaken were resection (30,2%), internal drainage by bilio-en-terostomy (21.3%), external drainage by surgically placed catheter drainage (37.5%), and exploration with biopsy alone (11%). Operative mortality rates were 6.1% after resection and 13.1% after drainage procedure with the overall operative mortality rate of 9.5%. The actuarial survival rates at 3 years after resection and drainage procedure were 24.4% and 0%, respectively. Overall 5-year survival rate was 23.8% when resected for cure.

Chromosome 22 LD Map Comparison between Korean and Other Populations

Lee, Jong-Eun,Jang, Hye-Yoon,Kim, Sook,Yoo, Yeon-Kyeong,Hwang, Jung-Joo,Jun, Hyo-Jung,Lee, Kyu-Sang,Son, Ok-Kyung,Yang, Jun-Mo,Ahn, Kwang-Sung,Kim, Eug-Ene,Lee, Hye-Won,Song, Kyu-Young,Kim, Hie-Lim,Le Korea Genome Organization 2008 Genomics & informatics Vol.6 No.1

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most abundant forms of human genetic variations and resources for mapping complex genetic traits and disease association studies. We have constructed a linkage disequilibrium (LD) map of chromosome 22 in Korean samples and compared it with those of other populations, including Yorubans in Ibadan, Nigeria (YRI), Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH) reference families (CEU), Japanese in Tokyo (JPT) and Han Chinese in Beijing (CHB) in the HapMap database. We genotyped 4681 of 111,448 publicly available SNPs in 90 unrelated Koreans. Among genotyped SNPs, 4167 were polymorphic. Three hundred and five LD blocks were constructed to make up 18.6% (6.4 of 34.5 Mb) of chromosome 22 with 757 tagSNPs and 815 haplotypes (frequency $\geq$ 5.0%). Of 3430 common SNPs genotyped in all five populations, 514 were monomorphic in Koreans. The CHB + JPT samples have more than a 72% overlap with the monomorphic SNPs in Koreans, while the CEU + YRI samples have less than a 38% overlap. The patterns of hot spots and LD blocks were dispersed throughout chromosome 22, with some common blocks among populations, highly concordant between the three Asian samples. Analysis of the distribution of chimpanzee-derived allele frequency (DAF), a measure of genetic differentiation, Fst levels, and allele frequency difference (AFD) among Koreans and the HapMap samples showed a strong correlation between the Asians, while the CEU and YRI samples showed a very weak correlation with Korean samples. Relative distance as a quantitative measurement based upon DAF, Fst, and AFD indicated that all three Asian samples are very proximate, while CEU and YRI are significantly remote from the Asian samples. Comparative genome-wide LD studies provide useful information on the association studies of complex diseases.