Na₂S 하부층을 이용한 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 광흡수층의 저온증착 및 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 박막태양전지에의 응용

신해나라(Hae Na Ra Shin),신영민(Young Min Shin),김지혜(Ji Hye Kim),윤재호(Jae Ho Yun),박병국(Byung Kook Park),안병태(Byung Tae Ahn) 한국태양광발전학회 2014 Current Photovoltaic Research Vol.2 No.1

High-efficiency in Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGS) solar cells were usually achieved on soda-lime glass substrates due to Na incorporation that reduces deep-level defects. However, this supply of sodium from sodalime glass to CIGS through Mo back electrode could be limited at low deposition temperature. Na content could be more precisely controlled by supplying Na from known amount of an outside source. For the purpose, an Na₂S layer was deposited on Mo electrode prior to CIGS film deposition and supplied to CIGS during CIGS film. With the Na₂S underlayer a more uniform component distribution was possible at 350°C and efficiency was improved compared to the cell without Na₂S layer. With more precise control of bulk and surface component profile, CIGS film can be deposited at low temperature and could be useful for flexible CIGS solar cells.

Na₂S 하부층을 이용한 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 광흡수층의 저온증착 및 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 박막태양전지에의 응용

신해나라,신영민,김지혜,윤재호,박병국,안병태,Shin, Hae Na Ra,Shin, Young Min,Kim, Ji Hye,Yun, Jae Ho,Park, Byung Kook,Ahn, Byung Tae 한국태양광발전학회 2014 Current Photovoltaic Research Vol.2 No.1

High-efficiency in $Cu(In,Ga)Se_2$ (CIGS) solar cells were usually achieved on soda-lime glass substrates due to Na incorporation that reduces deep-level defects. However, this supply of sodium from sodalime glass to CIGS through Mo back electrode could be limited at low deposition temperature. Na content could be more precisely controlled by supplying Na from known amount of an outside source. For the purpose, an $Na_2S$ layer was deposited on Mo electrode prior to CIGS film deposition and supplied to CIGS during CIGS film. With the $Na_2S$ underlayer a more uniform component distribution was possible at $350^{\circ}C$ and efficiency was improved compared to the cell without $Na_2S$ layer. With more precise control of bulk and surface component profile, CIGS film can be deposited at low temperature and could be useful for flexible CIGS solar cells.

Cloning, Purification, and Characterization of a New DNA Polymerase from a Hyperthermophilic Archaeon, Thermococcus sp. NA1

( Yun Jae Kim ),( Hyun Sook Lee ),( Seung Seob Bae ),( Jeong Ho Jeon ),( Jae Kyu Lim ),( Yo Na Cho ),( Ki Hoon Nam ),( Sung Gyun Kang ),( Sang Jin Kim ),( Suk Take Kwon ),( Jung Hyun Lee ) 한국미생물생명공학회 2007 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.17 No.7

Energy storage capabilities of nitrogen-enriched pyropolymer nanoparticles fabricated through rapid pyrolysis

Yun, Young Soo,Kim, Yu Hyun,Song, Min Yeong,Kim, Na Rae,Ku, Kyojin,An, Ji Su,Kang, Kisuk,Choi, Hyoung Jin,Jin, Hyoung-Joon Elsevier 2016 Journal of Power Sources Vol.331 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Nanostructured pyropolymers contain significant amounts of redox-active heteroatoms, have high specific surface areas, and a defective carbon microstructure, indicating good potential for pseudocapacitive charge storage. In this study, nitrogen-enriched pyropolymer nanoparticles (N-PNs-50) are fabricated from polyaniline nanotubes through rapid pyrolysis at 50 °C min<SUP>−1</SUP>. N-PNs-50 exhibit a nitrogen content of 9.8 wt%, a high specific surface area of 875.8 m<SUP>2</SUP> g<SUP>−1</SUP>, and an amorphous carbon structure with an I<SUB> <I>D</I> </SUB>/I<SUB> <I>G</I> </SUB> intensity ratio of 0.95. These unique characteristics lead to good electrochemical performances, in which reversible capacities of 660 and 255 mAh g<SUP>−1</SUP> are achieved for Li-ion and Na-ion storage, respectively, with favorable voltage characteristics (<1.5 V for Li-ions and <1.2 V for Na-ions). This study provides a more feasible production method for nitrogen-doped pyropolymers and their practicable electrochemical performances for use as an anode in energy storage devices.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Nanostructured pyropolymers (N-PNs-50) were fabricated by rapid pyrolysis. </LI> <LI> N-PNs-50 exhibited a nitrogen content of 9.8 wt% and amorphous carbon structure. </LI> <LI> N-PNs-50 exhibited a high specific surface area of 875.8 m<SUP>2</SUP> g<SUP>−1</SUP>. </LI> <LI> 660 and 255 mAh g<SUP>−1</SUP> were achieved for Li-ion and Na-ion storage, respectively. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Nitrogen-enriched pyropolymer nanoparticles (N-PNs-50) were fabricated from polyaniline nanotubes through rapid pyrolysis at 50 °C min<SUP>−1</SUP>, showing superior electrochemical performances.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

인천지역 TDI 노출 작업자에서 직업성천식 유병율

김형렬,김철우,홍윤철,전형준,김치년,김현수,이지나,신주연,고동희,노재훈 大韓産業醫學會 2004 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.16 No.2

목적 : TDI는 직업성천식을 일으키는 대표적인 물질로 알려져 있다. 과거 TDI에 노출된 작업자들의 천식 발생률을 5~6%가량 보고하였고, 국내에서도 2-20%에 이르는 유병율을 보고한바 있다. 작업환경이 많이 개선되고, 노출량이 감소된 최근에도 TDI에 의한 직업성천식에 대한 보고가 많이 이루어지고 있어, 이에 대한 적극적인 조사와 진단과정을 통해 유병율을 구하고 질병발생의 변화양상을 파악해 보고자 하였다. 방법 : 인천지역에서 특수건강진단을 수행하는 2개 기관의 TDI 노출 근로자 400여명 중, 사업장의 규모가 50인 이상이며 사업주가 연구진행을 허락한 사업장에서 근무하는 근로자 중 직접적으로 TDI에 노출되는 작업에 종사하는 근로자 170명을 연구대상으로 하였다. 이들에 대해 설문지와 산업의학의사의 면담을 통한 작업관련성 평가를 근거로 정밀대상자를 선정하고 이들에 대해 메타콜린 유발시험, TDI 유발시험 등을 수행하여 직업성천식을 확인하였다. 결과 : 설문조사 결과 11명이 직업과 관련하여 천식증상을 보이는 것으로 나타났고(6.9%), 이중 7명에서 메타콜린 유발검사 양성소견을 보였다. TDI에 의한 특이유발시험 결과 1명에서 양성반응이 나타나, 이 집단에서 TDI에 의한 직업성천식의 유병율은 0.58%였다. 결론 : 과거 국내연구에서 TDI에 의한 직업성천식의 유병율이 2~20%에 이르렀던 데 비해, 본 연구에서는 0.58%로 나타났다. 이는 국외 논문에서도 나타나는 경향으로 작업장 노출량 감소로 점차 발생률이 감소하는 양상을 보이고 있다. 그러나 이미 증상이 나타난 근로자들이 부서를 옮기거나, 직장을 그만둠으로 인해 그 유병율이 과소평가되었을 가능성도 있다고 판단된다. Objecdives: This study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of isocyanate-induced occupational asthma in toluene diisocyanate (TDI) exposed workers. Methods: We examined 170 workers who had been directly exposed to TDI through a medical questionnaire, physical examination, and pulmonary function test. Based on screening examination, workers with suspected occupational asthma were selected for further evaluation such as methacholine and TDI challenge tests. Results: Eleven (6.9%) among 170 workers complained of symptoms of occupational asthma. and 7 among these 11 symptomatic workers showed positive responses to the methacholine challenge test (4.1 %). One spray painter was confirmed as having the TDI induced occupational asthma following a positive response to TDI challenge test. Conclusions: The prevalence of TDI-induced asthma was at 0.58% was lower than that for former studies (2-20%). Improved workplace environment, lower level of TDI exposure compared to the past, and the healthy workers effect may have contributed to this low rate of asthma prevalence in workers with TDI exposure.

A Na⁺-coupled C₄-dicarboxylate transporter (Asuc_0304) and aerobic growth of <i>Actinobacillus succinogenes</i> on C₄-dicarboxylates

Rhie, Mi Na,Yoon, Hyo Eun,Oh, Hye Yun,Zedler, Sandra,Unden, Gottfried,Kim, Ok Bin Society for General Microbiology 2014 Microbiology Vol.160 No.7

<P><I>Actinobacillus succinogenes</I>, which is known to produce large amounts of succinate during fermentation of hexoses, was able to grow on C<SUB>4</SUB>-dicarboxylates such as fumarate under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Anaerobic growth on fumarate was stimulated by glycerol and the major product was succinate, indicating the involvement of fumarate respiration similar to succinate production from glucose. The aerobic growth on C<SUB>4</SUB>-dicarboxylates and the transport proteins involved were studied. Fumarate was oxidized to acetate. The genome of <I>A. succinogenes</I> encodes six proteins with similarity to secondary C<SUB>4</SUB>-dicarboxylate transporters, including transporters of the Dcu (C<SUB>4</SUB>-dicarboxylate uptake), DcuC (C<SUB>4</SUB>-dicarboxylate uptake C), DASS (divalent anion : sodium symporter) and TDT (tellurite resistance dicarboxylate transporter) family. From the cloned genes, Asuc_0304 of the DASS family protein was able to restore aerobic growth on C<SUB>4</SUB>-dicarboxylates in a C<SUB>4</SUB>-dicarboxylate-transport-negative <I>Escherichia coli</I> strain. The strain regained succinate or fumarate uptake, which was dependent on the electrochemical proton potential and the presence of Na<SUP>+</SUP>. The transport had an optimum pH ~7, indicating transport of the dianionic C<SUB>4</SUB>-dicarboxylates. Transport competition experiments suggested substrate specificity for fumarate and succinate. The transport characteristics for C<SUB>4</SUB>-dicarboxylate uptake by cells of aerobically grown <I>A. succinogenes</I> were similar to those of Asuc_0304 expressed in <I>E. coli</I>, suggesting that Asuc_0304 has an important role in aerobic fumarate uptake in <I>A. succinogenes</I>. Asuc_0304 has sequence similarity to bacterial Na<SUP>+</SUP>-dicarboxylate cotransporters and contains the carboxylate-binding signature. Asuc_0304 was named SdcA (<U>s</U>odium-coupled C<SUB>4</SUB>-<U>d</U>i<U>c</U>arboxylate transporter from <I><U>A</U></I>. <I>succinogenes</I>).</P>

Hierarchically nanoporous pyropolymer nanofibers for surface-induced sodium-ion storage

Yoon, Hyeon Ji,Lee, Min Eui,Kim, Na Rae,Yang, Seung Jae,Jin, Hyoung-Joon,Yun, Young Soo Pergamon Press 2017 Electrochimica Acta Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Surface-driven charge storage materials based on both electrochemical double layer (EDL) formation and pseudocapacitive behavior can deliver high energy and power capabilities with long-lasting cycling performance. On the other hand, the electrochemical performance is strongly dependent on the material properties, requiring sophisticated electrode design with a high active surface area and a large number of redox-active sites. In this study, hierarchically nanoporous pyropolymer nanofibers (HN-PNFs) were fabricated from electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers by simple heating with KOH. The HN-PNFs have a hierarchically nanoporous structure and an exceptionally high specific surface area of 3,950.7m<SUP>2</SUP> g<SUP>−1</SUP> as well as numerous redox-active heteroatoms (C/O and C/N ratio of 10.6 and 16.8, respectively). These unique material properties of HN-PNFs resulted in high reversible Na-ion capacity of ∼292mAhg<SUP>−1</SUP> as well as rapid kinetics and stable cycling performance in the cathodic potential range (1-4.5V vs. Na<SUP>+</SUP>/Na). Furthermore, energy storage devices based on HN-PNFs showed a remarkably high specific energy of ∼258 Wh kg<SUP>−1</SUP> at ∼245Wkg<SUP>−1</SUP> as well as a high specific power of ∼21,500Wkg<SUP>−1</SUP> at ∼78 Wh kg<SUP>−1</SUP>, with long and stable cycling behaviors over 2,000 cycles.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Hierarchically nanoporous pyropolymer nanofibers (HN-PNFs) were fabricated. </LI> <LI> HN-PNFs have a high specific surface area of ∼3,950m<SUP>2</SUP> g<SUP>−1</SUP> and numerous heteroatoms. </LI> <LI> HN-PNFs exhibit high capacities of ∼292mAhg<SUP>−1</SUP> and great rate/cycling performances. </LI> <LI> High energy (258Whkg<SUP>−1</SUP>) and high power (21,500Wkg<SUP>−1</SUP>) are achieved. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Hierarchically nanoporous pyropolymer nanofibers (HN-PNFs) fabricated from electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers by simple heating with KOH exhibited high electrochemical performance for Na-ion storage.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Marian Borkowski의 관현악곡, Limits의 분석 연구

김연술,이은나 全南大學校 藝術硏究所 1999 藝術論集 Vol.3 No.-

The aim of this study is to introduce Marian Borkowski, modern Polish composer into Korea and make the audience approach to modern music easily. Through research of this piece. I found various technique of modern music. Limits is consist of arch form with 7 parts: A-B-Tr.1-C-D-Tr.2-AR including connecting parts. Each part has the harmony with the equal-step sonorities : diminished second and augmented second, and the non equal-step sonorities : diminished second+forth, diminished second+fifth, and diminished second+sixth. Its sonority becomes cluster, but its form can be divided accurately, and its tone color is delicate. The rhythms are related with the above closely, and the of form and the harmony of combination. I also found the unique expression of climax through diverse combnination of harmony, arrangement of musical instruments and modern performing methods. I concluded his creation of new technique and well harmonized structure of the form. and the rhythms through various experiments make the audience overcome the obscurity of modern music. And I hope this analysis devotes the audience to understand the modern music easily.

뇌손상 후 인지기능장애에 대한 메칠페니데이트의 효과-이중맹검 위약대조 연구-

김연희,나승용,신용일,서정환 大韓再活醫學會 2000 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.24 No.4

출퇴근 소요시간이 남자 근로자의 혈중 Gamma-glutamyltransferase에 미치는 영향

김상훈,이지나,홍윤철 大韓産業醫學會 2002 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.14 No.4

목적: 음주, 비만, 운동부족 등 체내에 산소성 손상(oxidative stress)을 유발하는 인장들은 산소성 손상(oxidative stress)의 기전을 통해 간세포내 단백질 손상을 주어 혈중 γ-GTP를 상승시키는 것으로 알려져 있다. 출퇴근 소요시간의 증가는 운동량 감소를 초래하기 때문에, 출퇴근 소요시간의 증가가 혈중 γ-GTP 상승을 유발할 것으로 가설을 설정하고 이를 확인하고자 하였다. 방법: 근무지가 김포공항에서 인천공항으로 옮겨지고, 직무 및 근무형태가 변하지 않은 5 개 회사남자 근로자 717명을 대상으로 하여 김포공항 근무 당시 시행한 체격검사, 혈액검사 결과 근무지 이전 전후의 출퇴근 소요시간, 수면시간, 음주량 설문 결과를 이용하여 출퇴근 소요시간이 혈중 γ-GTP에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 결과: 공항 이주전 평균 출퇴근 소요시간은 62.86분이었으며, 이주 후에는 139.30 분으로 유의한 출퇴근 소요시간 증가가 있었다. γ-GTP와 유의한 상관관계를 보이는 변수들로는 출퇴근 소요시간(r=0.11), 체질량지수(r=0.27), 소축기혈압(r=0.18), 이완기혈압(r=0.24), 혈색소(r=0.12), 혈당(r=0.08), 총콜레스크롤(r=0.24), AST(r=0.49), ALT(r=0.49), 음주량(r=0.10)이 있었다. γ-GTP를 종족변수로 하여 다른 변수들과의 다변량 회귀분석을 시행한 결과, γ-GTP느 출퇴근 소요시간, 체질량지수, 이완기혈압, 총콜레스테롤, AST, ALT, 음주량과 유의한 연관성을 나타내었으며, 출퇴근 소요시간이 60분 이상일 경우 출퇴근 소요시간과 γ-GTP 간에 양-반응관계가 나타났다. 공항이주 전인 2000년당시 정상 γ-GTP값을 나타내었던 685명의 남자 근로자에 대하여 출퇴근 소요시간 변화량이 60분이하, 60 분초과로 구분한 후, 공항이주 후인 2002년 γ-GTP값이 정상/비정상 군으로 구분하여 비교위험도를 구한결과 출퇴근 소요시간이 60 분이하 증가기간 군보다 60 분 초과 증가한 군에서 γ-GTP값이 비정상으로 될 비교위험도는 2.20(95% CI : 1.14-4.23 )로 나타났으며, 기준을 90분, 120 분으로 구분하면 각각 2.43(95% CI : 1.34-4.38), 2.57(95% CI : 1.36-4.86)로 비교위험도가 증가하였다. 결론: 이 결과는 남자 근로자에서 출퇴근 소요시간의 증가가 운동부족을 초래하며, 헐중 γ-GTP 상승를 일으키는 인자임을 시사한다. Objectives: Alcohol drinking, obesity, and reduced physical activity are commonly related to oxidative stress, which induces plasma membrame-bound protein damage in hepatic cells and elevates serum γ-GTP. We have a hupothesis that a long commuting time may induce oxidative stress. This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between commuting rime and serum γ-GTP level. Methods: Questionnaires were administered to 717 male workers who had worked at Kimpo airport until the year 2000, and had then moved to Incheon airport and were working there in 2002. The questionnaire included items concerning commuting time, sleeping time and alcohol consumption. Phusical examination and laboratoru data were also collected. Results: Serum γ-GTP level was significantly and positively correlated with commuting time, bodu mass index, systolic blood pressure,, diastolic blood pressure, hemoglobin, glucose, total cholesterol, AST, ALT and alcohol consumption. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that serum γ-GTP level is significantly associated with commuting time, after considering the other coviates. Conclusions: Commuting time is one of the factors that affects serum γ-GTP level in male workers.