Effective Scene Change Detection Method for MuIUmedia Bata as Video Images using Mean Squared Error

Jung, Chang-Ryul,Koh, Jin-Gwang,Lee, Joon The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2002 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.6 No.6

동영상데이터의 대용량 검색을 할 때 사용자가 원하는 검색점을 추출하여 인덱싱과 재생하기 위해서는 동영상 데이터의 프레임 리스트 제공이 필요하다. 평균오차를 적용하여 프레임의 대각선으로부터 픽셀값을 추출한다. 각각의 프레임으로부터 추출된 픽셀의 RGB값은 행렬구조로 저장하고, 저장된 프레임은 두 지정을 비교하여 장면전환점을 추출한다 또한 동영상의 전체적인 구조를 파악할 수 있는 알고리즘과 장면전환설을 구현하였다. 본 연구에서는 제안한 방법의 성능 우수성을 기존연구와 비교하여 분석하고 증명했다 When retrieving voluminous capacity of video image data, it is necessary to provide synopsized frame lists of video image data for indexing and replaying at the exact point where the user want to retrieve. We apply Mean Squared Error method to extract certain pixel value from diagonal direction of a frame. The RGB value of a pixel extracted from each frame is saved in a matrix form, and this frame is retrievedas a scene change point if the compared value of two points met the certain condition. Also implement the algorithm and provide a way to seize entire structure of video image and the point of scene changes. finally, we analyze and prove that our method has better performance compared with the others.

북서태평양에 서식하는 살오징어(Todarodes pacificus) 계군 분석에 대한 고찰

김정연,문창호,윤문근,강창근,김경렬,나태희,최은정,이충일,Kim, Jeong-Yun,Moon, Chang-Ho,Yoon, Moon-Geun,Kang, Chang-Keun,Kim, Kyung-Ryul,Na, Taehee,Choy, Eun Jung,Lee, Chung Il 한국해양학회 2012 바다 Vol.17 No.4

This paper reviews comparison analysis of current and latest application for stock identification methods of Todarodes pacificus, and the pros and cons of each method and consideration of how to compensate for each other. Todarodes pacificus which migrates wide areas in western North Pacific is important fishery resource ecologically and commercially. Todarodes pacificus is also considered as 'biological indicator' of ocean environmental changes. And changes in its short and long term catch and distribution area occur along with environmental changes. For example, while the catch of pollack, a cold water fish, has dramatically decreased until today after the climate regime shift in 1987/1988, the catch of Todarodes pacificus has been dramatically increased. Regarding the decrease in pollack catch, overfishing and climate changes were considered as the main causes, but there has been no definite reason until today. One of the reasons why there is no definite answer is related with no proper analysis about ecological and environmental aspects based on stock identification. Subpopulation is a group sharing the same gene pool through sexual reproduction process within limited boundaries having similar ecological characteristics. Each individual with same stock might be affected by different environment in temporal and spatial during the process of spawning, recruitment and then reproduction. Thereby, accurate stock analysis about the species can play an efficient alternative to comply with effective resource management and rapid changes. Four main stock analysis were applied to Todarodes pacificus: Morphologic Method, Ecological Method, Tagging Method, Genetic Method. Ecological method is studies for analysis of differences in spawning grounds by analysing the individual ecological change, distribution, migration status, parasitic state of parasite, kinds of parasite and parasite infection rate etc. Currently the method has been studying lively can identify the group in the similar environment. However It is difficult to know to identify the same genetic group in each other. Tagging Method is direct method. It can analyse cohort's migration, distribution and location of spawning, but it is very difficult to recapture tagged squids and hard to tag juveniles. Genetic method, which is for useful fishery resource stock analysis has provided the basic information regarding resource management study. Genetic method for stock analysis is determined according to markers' sensitivity and need to select high multiform of genetic markers. For stock identification, isozyme multiform has been used for genetic markers. Recently there is increase in use of makers with high range variability among DNA sequencing like mitochondria, microsatellite. Even the current morphologic method, tagging method and ecological method played important rolls through finding Todarodes pacificus' life cycle, migration route and changes in spawning grounds, it is still difficult to analyze the stock of Todarodes pacificus as those are distributed in difference seas. Lately, by taking advantages of each stock analysis method, more complicated method is being applied. If based on such analysis and genetic method for improvement are played, there will be much advance in management system for the resource fluctuation of Todarodes pacificus. 본 종설논문은 살오징어의 기존 및 최근에 새롭게 적용되고 있는 계군 분석방법들을 비교 분석하여 각 분석방법의 장단점과 분석방법간의 상호보완에 대하여 고찰하였다. 살오징어는 북서태평양의 넓은 지역을 회유하는 어종으로 생태계 및 상업적으로 중요한 자원이다. 살오징어는 해양환경변화의 생물학적 지표로서의 가능성을 평가 받고 있으며, 장단기적인 어획량 및 분포역의 변화가 환경 변화와 함께 나타난다. 예를 들어, 1987/1988 무렵에 발생한 기후체제전환 이후 한류성 어종으로 분류되는 명태의 어획량은 급감하여 현재까지 그 영향이 지속되고 있는 반면, 살 오징어 어획량은 크게 증가하였다. 현재까지 명태 어획량의 감소에 대하여 남획과 기후변화에 초점이 맞추어진 해석이 있으나, 뚜렷한 원인 분석은 이루어지지 않고 있다. 그 이유 중 한 가지는 계군 분석에 근거한 생태, 환경적 측면에 대한 정확한 원인 분석이 이루어지지 않고 있는 것과 관련이 된다. 계군은 유사한 생물학적 특징을 가진 개체들이 제한된 영역 내에서 유성생식과정을 통하여 동일한 유전자 풀(gene pool)을 공유하는 집단으로, 동일 계군을 형성하는 개체들은 산란에서 자원으로 가입 후 다시 재생산 과정에 이르기까지 시간 및 공간적으로 각기 다른 환경의 영향을 받을 수 있다. 따라서, 종에 대한 정확한 계군 분석은 자원의 효과적인 관리 및 급격한 변화에 대한 중요한 대응 방안의 역할을 할 수 있다. 살오징어 계군 분석에 적용된 주요 방법은 크게 4가지로 형태학적 방법, 생태학적 방법, 표지방류법, 유전학적 방법이 있다. 형태학적인 방법은 분석방법이 가장 간단하고 다수의 개체를 비교적 쉽게 분석할 수 있지만 각 형질들은 성장기간 동안 환경에 의해 영향을 많이 받게 되어 개체간의 차이가 생긴다. 생태학적 방법은 주로 개체의 생리적인 변화와 분포 및 회유상태, 기생충의 기생상태나 종류 및 기생률 등을 분석, 산란장의 차이를 알아보는 연구이며, 현재 활발히 연구되고 있는 방법으로 유사한 환경에서 생활하는 집단을 알 수 있지만 유전적으로 같은 집단인지는 알기 어렵다. 표지방류법은 직접적인 방법으로 계군의 회유 및 분포, 산란장의 위치를 파악할 수 있지만 수거가 어렵고 초기 단계에는 표식을 하기 어렵다. 수산생물의 계군 분석을 위한 유전학적 방법은 자원관리학적 연구에 관한 기본적 정보를 제공해 왔다. 계군 분석을 위한 유전학적 방법은 이에 사용하는 유전자 마커(marker)의 감도에 따라 결정되며, 유전자 마커의 다형성이 높은 것을 선택해야 한다. 계군 분석을 위한 유전자 마커로는 오랜 기간 동안 동위효소 다형이 사용되어졌으며, 최근에는 mitochondria, microsatellite와 같이 DNA 염기배열 중에서도 변이성이 높은 영역을 선택하여 마커로 이용한 연구가 증가되고 있다. 기존의 형태학적 방법, 표지방류법, 생태학적인 방법들은 살오징어의 생활사, 회유경로, 산란장의 변화 등을 밝혀내어 계군을 파악하는데 많은 기여를 하였지만 여전히 각 해역에 분포하는 살오징어의 계군을 파악하기에는 어려움이 있다. 최근에는 기존의 계군 분석이 지닌 장단점을 비교 분석하여 복합적인 방법의 계군 분석이 이루어지며, 이러한 정보들을 바탕으로 유전학적 방법을 보완한다면 살오징어 자원의 변동에 대한 관리 방안을 마련하는데 도움을 줄 것이다.

멀티미디어 영상 교육에 따른학습자 개인 특성에 대한 실증 분석

김동현,정창렬 順天靑巖大學 1998 論文集-順天靑巖大學 Vol.22 No.2

Recently, a few of educational institution are frequently used Multimedia Video System for the purpose of remote education according to constituting information super highway. The Multimedia Video System related to information super highway is feasible for real-time interaction on remote learning between instructor and learners, and enhances learning effects. Any learning media of education may be expected little learning effects without considering the system satisfactions of learner and the relation of learning effects using this Multimedia Video System. This paper is, therefore, analyzed the effects on correction and relation between the system satisfaction of Multimedia Video System and learning effects. And it is proposed reconsiderable contents of education to instructors or educational policy makers in using Multimedia Video System of remote education.

홍삼류의 섭취가 비만과 혈중 지질의 상호관계에 미치는 영향

박화진,이정희,이소진,함혜선,조현정,임창률,유영빈,박기현 대한의생명과학회 2000 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.6 No.4

비만은 동맥경화의 위험인자로서 혈중에 triglyceride의 농도를 종가시키고, 상대적으로 HDL-Cholesterol의 농도를 감소시킴과 동시에 수축기 혈압을 상승시킨다. 본 연구에서 홍삼제품류를 4년 또는 5년 동안 복용해 온 건강한 사람 (ginseng군)과 홍삼제품을 복용하지 않은 건강한 사람 (control군)을 대상으로 하여 신체 계측치로부터 비만지수를 구하고 이것과 혈중의 triglyceride (TG)농도, TG/HDL-Cholesterol ratio 및 수축기 혈압과의 상호관계를 연구한 바, ginseng군에서는 대조군에 비해 혈중의 TG 농도가 일정하게 유지되었고, TG/HDL-Cholesterol ratio 및 수축기 혈압도 일정하게 유지되었다. 이러한 현상은 ginseng군에서 기호품으로 alcohol을 섭취하거나, 흡연을 한 경우에도 상관없이 일정하게 유지 되었다. 이 결과는 홍삼제품류를 장기 복용하면 비만의 저하 및 고혈압 또는 동맥경화의 위험인자가 억제될 수 있고, 결론적으로 비만, 고혈압 및 동맥경화를 예방할 수 있을 것으로 추정한다. Obesity is the risk fcactor of atherosclerosis and not only increases triglyceride concentration in blood but also decreases relatively the ratio of TG to HDL-Cholesterol in blood. In case of obesity, systolic blood pressure is also increased in responding the increase of TG in blood. Index of obesity in red ginseng-taking group (ginseng group) was lower as compared with non-red ginseng-taking group (control group). The TG concentration, the ratio of triglyceride to HDL-cholesterol in blood and systolic blood pressure were decreased in the subjects of ginseng group compared with that in control group. It is inferred that long-term intake of ginseng products may help to prevent the risk of atherosclerosis and obesity.

Nonlinear Cardiac Dynamics and Morning Dip : 위험한 일중리듬 An Unsound Circadian Rhythm

염명걸,김남수,오재원,김창렬,이재웅,김순길,이철범,노정일,최정연,윤용수 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.3

혈액투석 유지 요법 환자에서 하대정맥 직경과 좌심실 비대와의 관계

신진호(Jin Ho Shin),박찬현(Chan Hyun Park),최정혜(Jung Hye Choi),이창화(Chang Hwa Lee),강경원(Kyoung Won Kahng),김상목(Sang Mok Kim),강종명(Chong Myung Kang),박한철(Han Chul Park),장성렬(Sung Ryul Chang),이방헌(Bang Hun Lee) 대한내과학회 1998 대한내과학회지 Vol.55 No.5

N/A Background: Volume overload is one of the most important, correctable factor far blood sure control in hemodialysis patient. But objective parameter for the ideal body weight is not available in clinical field yet. Recently inferior vena caval examination became a possible candidate for an objective parameter for intravascular volume status. Therefore we investigated how inferior vena cava changes during hemodialysis compared with total amount of ultrafiltration and ANP, and also the effect of changes of IVC diameter on LVK Methods: 43 patients on stable maintainance hemodialysis were enrolled. Among them, 21 patients were on antihypertensive medication. Just before and after the hemodialysis, inferior vena cava diameter, plasma atrial natriuretic peptide and left ventricular mass index were measured for each patient. Inferior vena cava was examined at the level just below the hepatic vein during quiet respiration and left ventricular mass index was calculated. Results- Inferior vena cava at expiration(IVCe) was significantly decreased during hemodialysis(before hemodialysis 21.9 4.9 mm, after hemodialysis 18.3 4.4 mm, p = 0.02). Collasibility index was significantly increased during hemodialysis (before hemodialysis 0.24 0.15, after hemodialysis 0.41 0.19, p< 0.001). Atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP) was significantly decreased during hemodialysis (before hemodialysis 252.3±119.0 pg/ml, after hemodialysis 185.6±93.2 pg/ml, p<0.001). Total ultrafiltration amount was significantly correlated with collapsibility change(r=-0.40) and change of ANP(r=-0.41). Left ventricular mass index was correlated with interdialysis weight gain(r=0.39, p<0.05), IVCe after hemodialysis(r=0.48, p<0.05) in univariate analysis but not in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Collapsibility index of inferior vena cava, IVC diameter and ANP changes reflect the volume change during the hemodiaylsis. Therefore 1VC examination can be an objective parameter for volume change during hemodialysis. Postdialysis 1VCe correlates weakly with left ventricular mass index but it cannot be an independant risk factor for left ventricular hypertrophy in our study.

Colonoscopy Learning Curves for Colorectal Surgery Fellow Trainees in the 15-year Experiences of a Colonoscopy Training Program

Jung Ryul OH,Kyung Su HAN,Chang Won HONG,Byung Chang KIM,Sung Chan PARK,Min Jung KIM,Jae Hwan OH,Changha SHIN,Dae Kyung SOHN 대한외과학회 2017 대한외과학회 학술대회 초록집 Vol.2017 No.11

An Agent System Protection Mechanism for Secure Action of Mobile Agent in Open Network Systems

Jung, Chang-Ryul,Yoon, Hong-Sang,Koh, Jin-Gwang The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2002 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.6 No.2

최근 몇 년간 이동에이전트는 분산시스템의 전자상거래와 전자데이터의 교환과 인공지능, 네트웍관리와 같은 여러 응용분야에서 많이 이용되고 있는 분야중 하나이다. 특히 EC/EDI의 영역에서 본래의 이동에이전트 서명 문제를 추가하여 사용되어야 한다. 그러므로 분산네트웍에서 이동하는 에이전트의 프라이버시와 속성을 보호하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 상거래에 응용되기 위해서는 각각의 이동에이전트들 상호간에 거래의 신뢰성을 향상할 수 있는 안전한 인트라넷 환경이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 이동에이전트를 악의적인 서버로부터 이동에이전트를 자신을 보호하고 인터넷과 같은 오픈시스템의 자원들을 보호하는 안전한 이동에이전트 역할을 수행하도록 하는 에이전트 보호 메커니즘을 설계하여 신뢰하는 실행환경을 제안한다. In the resent years, the term mobile agent is probably one of the most overused words in many appliable areas of distributed open systems as electronic commerce and electronic data interchange, and it has very different meanings in the area of artificial intelligence, network management, or distributed systems. However, the use of mobile agent adds significant problems, primarily in the area of EC/EDI. Therefore it is very important to control the roaming agents to keep one's privacy or property in distributed open networks. The surge in secure intranets for commercial applications provides a robust, secure environment to which trading partners can increasingly entrust their interactions to some mobile agents. In this paper, we introduce a mechanism to protect mobile agent itself from the malicious server he is visiting and also we introduce a mechanism to protect vital resources of the open systems as internet.

Colonoscopy learning curves for colorectal surgery fellow trainees

Jung Ryul Oh,Kyung Su Han,Chang Won Hong,Byung Chang Kim,Bun Kim,Sung Chan Park,Min Jung Kim,Sang Jae Lee,Jae Hwan Oh,Changha Shin,Dae Kyung Sohn 대한외과학회 2018 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.95 No.4

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the learning curves for colorectal surgery fellows in a colonoscopy training program. Methods: Between May 2003 and February 2017, 60 surgical fellows joined our 1-year colonoscopy training program as trainees and performed 43,784 cases of colonoscopy. All trainees recorded their colonoscopy experiences prospectively into the database. After excluding 6 trainees, who had experience with performing more than 50 colonoscopies before participating in our training program or who discontinued our training program with experience performing less than 300 colonoscopies, this study included 54 trainees who had performed 39,539 colonoscopy cases. We analyzed the cecal intubation rate (CIR) and cecal intubation time (CIT) using the cumulative sum (Cusum) technique and moving average method to assess the technical colonoscopy competence. Results: Overall, the CIR by the trainees was 80.7%. The median number of cases of colonoscopy performed during the training period for each trainee was 696 (range, 322–1,669). The trainees were able to achieve a 90% CIR with 412 and 493 procedures when analyzed using the moving average and the Cusum, respectively. Using the moving average method, CIRs after 150, 300, and 400 procedures were 67.0%, 84.1%, and 89.2%, respectively. The CIT of trainees continuously decreased until 400 successful cases. Median CITs were 9.4, 8.3, and 7.4 minutes at 150, 300, and 400 successful cases, respectively. Conclusion: We found that more than 400 cases of experience were needed for technical competence in colonoscopy. Continuous teaching and monitoring is required until trainees become sufficiently competent.

Clinical and Radiographic Features of Adult-onset Ankylosing Spondylitis in Korean Patients: Comparisons between Males and Females

Jung, Young-Ok,Kim, Inje,Kim, Suho,Suh, Chang-Hee,Park, Han Jung,Park, Won,Kwon, Seoung Ryul,Jeong, Jae Cheon,Lee, Yun Jong,Ryu, Hee Jung,Park, Young Bae,Lee, Jisoo,Lee, You-Hyun,Seo, Young Il,Chung, The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2010 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.25 No.4

<P>The objective of this study was to investigate clinical and radiographic features and gender differences in Korean patients with adult-onset ankylosing spondylitis. Multicenter cross-sectional studies were conducted in the rheumatology clinics of 13 Korean tertiary referral hospitals. All patients had a confirmed diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis according to the modified New York criteria. Clinical, laboratory, and radiographic features were evaluated and disease activities were assessed using the Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index. Five hundred and five patients were recruited. The male to female ratio was 6.1:1. Average age at symptom onset was 25.4±8.9 yr and average disease duration was 9.6±6.8 yr. Males manifested symptoms at a significantly earlier age. HLA-B27 was more frequently positive in males. Hips were more commonly affected in males, and knees in females. When spinal mobility was measured using tragus-to-wall distance and the modified Schober's test, females had significantly better results. Radiographic spinal changes, including bamboo spine and syndesmophytes, were more common in males after adjustment of confounding factors. In conclusion, we observed significant gender differences in radiographic spinal involvement as well as other clinical manifestations among Korea patients with adult-onset ankylosing spondylitis. These findings may influence the timing of the diagnosis and the choice of treatment.</P>