The Effect of Rosiglitazone on the Cell Proliferation and the Expressions of p27 and Skp2 in<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>Infected Human Gastric Epithelial Cells

Kim, Sung-Soo,Cho, Young-Seok,Kim, Hyung-Keun,Shin, Ok-Ran,Chae, Hiun-Suk,Choi, Myung-Gyu,Chung, In-Sik The Korean Society of Gastroenterology 2010 대한소화기학회지 Vol.55 No.4

<P>Background/Aims: Ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorgamma (PPARgamma), a member of the ligand-activated nuclear receptor superfamily, exhibit anti-tumoral effects and are associated with de novo synthesis of proteins involved in regulating the cell cycle and cell survival/death. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an etiologic agent for gastric adenocarcinoma, and raises the cell turnover of gastric epithelium. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of PPARgamma ligand rosiglitazone on the cell proliferation and the expressions of p27 and Skp2 protein in H. pylori infected gastric epithelial cells. Methods: We examined the expression of PPARgamma by Western blot in H. pylori infected AGS human gastric epithelial cells. The effect of rosiglitazone on the survival of H. pylori infected AGS cells was assessed by cell viability assay. After the treatment of rosiglitazone in H. pylori infected AGS cells, the expressions of p27 and Skp2 were assessed by Western blot. Results: The expression of PPARgamma protein was increased in H. pylori infected AGS cells. Cell growth was inhibited and decreased in dose- and time- dependent manner in H. pylori infected AGS cells treated with rosiglitazone. A decrease in Skp2 expression and a reciprocal increase in p27 expression were found in dose- and time-dependent manner in H. pylori infected AGS cells treated with rosiglitazone. Conclusions: Rosiglitazone inhibited the growth of H. pylori infected AGS cells. Rosiglitazone attenuated Skp2 expression, thereby promoting p27 accumulation in H. pylori infected human gastric epithelial cells. Further studies will be needed to find the effects of accumulation on cell turnover in H. pylori infection and the role in the H. pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis.</P>

대학생 관계증진을 위한 자기표현 훈련 프로그램 개발

김인옥(Kim in ok) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2019 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.19 No.3

본 연구는 대학생 관계증진을 위한 자기표현 훈련 프로그램을 개발하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 모집된 연구대상은 2017년 3월 충청남도 소재 A대학의 ‘교직과목을 수강하는 50명의 학생, B 대학의 상담을 신청하거나 상담 에 관심을 보인 40명의 학생, 전라북도 C 대학의 교양과목을 수강하는 62명의 학생이다. 모집된 학생을 대상으로 관계증진을 위한 자기표현 훈련 프로그램 필요성에 대한 요구조사와, 자기표현에서 겪는 어려움 파악을 위한 심층면담을 실시하였다. 요구조사와 심층면담 자료를 토대로 관계증진을 위한 자기표현 훈련 프로그램의의 목적과 내용, 구조와 형식, 진행방법을 구체화하기 위해 프로그램이 개발된다면 참여할 의사가 있다고 응답한 32명의 학생을 대상으로 첫째, 자기표현을 잘하는 사람 은 어떤 사람이라고 생각하는가? 둘째, 자기표현을 잘했던 경험은? 셋째, 자기표현을 잘하지 못했던 경험은? 넷째, 자기표현에서 배우고 싶은 기술은? 마지막으로 자기표현 프로그램 참여 후 기대하는 모습은? 과 관련된 질문으로 심층면담을 실시하 고, 그 내용을 분석하여 그 결과를 토대로 대학생 관계증진을 위한 자기표현 훈련 프로그램을 개발하였다. 자기표현 기술은 대인관계 기술을 향상시키고, 효과적으로 의사소통하며, 다루기 힘든 사람과 상황에 대처하도록 도움을 주어 스트레스를 제어하 도록 해준다. 이러한 측면에서 볼 때 대학생 관계증진을 위한 자기표현 훈련 프로그램은 필요하다고 할 수 있겠다. This study was designed to develop a self-expression training program for relationship improvement among university students. For achieving the study purpose, this study targeted 50 students. who attended a teaching profession course at A University in Choongcheongnam-do in March 2017, 40 students that applied for counseling or showed interested in counseling at B University, and 62 students attending a liberal arts course at C University in Jeonllabuk-do. In order to analyze the needs for a self-expression training program for relationship improvement and understand the difficulties in self-expression, an in-depth interview with the students was conducted. According to the needs analysis and the in-depth interview, 32 students responded to have an intention to participate in a self-expression training program, if it is developed. To give shape to the purpose, the contents, the structure, and the form of the program for relationship improvement, some questions were asked of the students in depth.: first, what type of person do you think expresses him or herself well?, second, do you have experience in expressing yourself well?, third, do you have experience in failing in self-expression?, fourth, which techniques do you want to learn from a self-expression training program?, and lastly, what do you expect after participating in a self-expression training program? Based on the results, a self-expression training program was developed for relationship improvement among university students. Self-expression techniques improve interpersonal relationship skills and control stress by helping to communicate effectively and deal with people and situations that are hard to control. In this respect, it is considered that a self-expression training program is required to improve relationships among university students.

기업수명주기별 이익조정과 미래경영성과

황인옥(Hwang In-ok),김정교(Kim Jeong-kyo) 한국국제회계학회 2017 국제회계연구 Vol.0 No.74

본 연구에서는 기업을 수명주기단계를 성장기와 성숙기로 구분하고 이익조정을 발생액 이익관리(AEM)와 실물이익조정(REM)으로 분류하여 각각의 수명주기단계별로 이익조정에 차이가 있을 것 이라고 하여 분석하였다. 그리고 발생액 이익관리(AEM)와 실물이익조정(REM)에 의한 이익조정이 차기 경영성과에 미치는 영향을 수명주기단계별로 조사하였다. 첫째, 실증분석을 위하여 성장기단계에서는 실물이익관리(REM)를 통한 이익조정을 적게 하는 반면, 발생액 이익관리(AEM)를 통하여서는 이익조정을 많이 할 것이라고 가설을 설정을 하여 분석하였다. 둘째, 차기경영성과를 분석하기 위하여서는 성장기단계에 있는 기업을 실물이익조정(REM)을 통하여 이익관리를 실시한 의심기업과 그렇지 않은 기업(Non-REM)으로 구분하여 분석하였다. 또한 발생액 이익관리(AEM)를 통한 이익관리를 실시한 의심기업과 그렇지 않은 기업(Non-AEM)으로 분석도하였는데, 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 성장기에 있는 기업들은 성숙기에 있는 기업들에 비해 이익조정에 차이가 있을 것이라고 예측하여 분석 결과, 성장기에서는 실물이익관리(REM)를 통한 이익조정은 적게 하는 것으로 즉, 유의적인 음(-)의 회귀계수를 나타났다. 둘째, 음(-)의 이익보고회피표본과 음(-)의 이익변화표본을 의심기업으로 보고, 또한 이익조정 의심기업들을 구분하기 위하여 성장기에 있는 기업들 중에서 전체를 5분위수로 구분하여 상위 20%에 속하는 기업들의 이익동기를 분석하여 이익조정의심구간(0과 0.01사이)과 이익측정치와 이익변화측 정치의 임계치인 0을 달성하려는 실물이익관리(REM)와 발생액 이익관리(AEM) 의심기업으로 설정하여 회귀분석을 수행할 때, 성장기에서는 실물이익관리(REM) 의심기업들은 그렇지 않은 기업들에 비해 미래경영성과가 낮을 것이라 예측하였는데, 결과적으로 유의적인 음(-)으로 나타나 차기경영성과에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 차기경영성과가 음(-)으로 나타난 것은 경영자가 단기간에 목적을 달성하기 위한 의도가 기회주의적인 것이라는 것을 의미한다는 연구결과와 같다. 또한 발생액 이익관리(AEM) 의심기업들은 그렇지 않은 기업에 비해 미래경영성과가 낮을 것이라고 예측하였는데, 결과적으로는 비유의적인 음(-)으로 나타나 발생액을 통한 이익관리에서는 차기경영성과에 유의적인 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. This paper studies the extent to which firms exercise earnings management(EM) conditioning on their life cycles and examines their levels of operating performance subsequent to EM. This study takes into account two kinds of earnings management, accrual earnings management(AEM) and real earnings management(REM). This study employs the method developed by Anthony and Ramesh(1992) for life-cycle classification. And, to main consistency with previous studies, EM-suspected firms are defined as the intersection of firms with abnormal accruals, abnormal levels of operating cash flow, production costs, or discretionary expenses and firms with asset-scaled earnings or asset-scaled earnings changes meeting the zero thresholds. The empirical results are as follows. First, firms in the growth stage exhibit less evidence of REM(and AEM) than firms in other stages, consistent with the fact that REM(and AEM) may result in severe economic consequences and consistent with the earning smoothing. Second, with respect to the economic consequences of EM, firms suspected in REM(and AEM) generally perform worse than those that do not, consistent with the opportunistic intention of managers in conducting EM, particularly for firms in the growth stage. Our results indicate that EM-suspected firms in the growth stage have lower Adj-ROA(Adj-CFO) than non-REM firms in any of the subsequent two years. Furthermore, there is little evidence to show that firms in the growth stage that engage in REM have a low Adj-ROA(Adj-CFO) in the subsequent two years than firms in other stages. The results present interesting topics for future research. Existing studies on EM have focused on upward earnings manipulation. Investigating downward earnings manipulation may reveal another aspect of the subsequent economic consequences of REM(and AEM).

생분해성 꽃게 통발의 어획 성능

김인옥 ( In Ok Kim ),이건호 ( Gun Ho Lee ) 한국어업기술학회 2014 수산해양기술연구 Vol.50 No.3

To investigate the catching efficiency of a biodegradable round trap for a swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus), four types of material (two types of biodegradable net, one type of biodegradable plus polyethylene net and one type of polyethylene net) for traps were used in the field test, and the field tests were carried out 11 times in the Boryeong fishing ground of Korea, 2012∼2013. The catching efficiency of four type traps was analyzed by catch per trap, weight per trap and mean weight per individual of small and large size swimming crab. Statistical Kruskal-Wallis test was carried out to verify the significant difference for the efficiency between types of material. The catch in number of swimming crab was 9,015 and formed about 94.3% of total catch. In the results of catching efficiency of traps, there was a little difference in catch per trap, weight per trap and mean weight per individual of swimming crab in-situ data. But there was no significant difference in catching efficiency between the biodegradable traps and the PE trap (P>0.05), so it`s needed to use widely a biodegradable trap for the conservation and sustainable management of swimming crab resources.

Development of Enzyme Immuno Assay for Analysis of Free Prostate Specific Antigen in Serum

Kyung-Ok Lee(이경옥),Kyung-In Kim(김경인),Kyu-Porn Lee(이규범) 대한의생명과학회 1997 Biomedical Science Letters Vol.3 No.2

전립선특이항원 (PSA: Prostate Specific Antigen)은 전립선 세포에서 분비되는 단백질로서 장기 특이성이 높아 전립선암의 조기진단 및 치료의 예후를 판단하기 위해 임상에서 널리 사용되고 있는 혈청 종양표지검사의 대상항원이다. 그러나 혈청 PSA치는 전립선암 뿐 아니라 양성 전립선질환인 전립선비대증 (EPR), 전립선 경색, 전립선 염증 등에서도 상승될 수 있다. 혈청 내의 PSA는 여러 가지 분자형태로 이루어져 있으며 대표적으로 α₁-antichymotrypsin과 결합된 결합형 PSA (PSA-ACI)와 유리형 PSA (free PSA)로 나눌 수 있다. 전립선암 환자의 혈청에는 결합형 PSA가 95% 이상으로 매우 높고 유리형 PSA의 분포는 매우 작은 반면 전립성비대증에서는 유리형 PSA의 농도가 높아지므로, 결합형 PSA와 동시에 유리형 PSA를 측정하면 종양표지검사로서의 특이성과 예민도를 높일 수 있다는 보고가 있어, 최근 혈청내의 유리형 PSA의 측정의 중요성이 임상적으로 대두되고 있다. 이 에 본 연구에서는 sandwich 원리로 유리형 PSA 효소면역측정법 (EIA) kit를 개발하고 그 유용성을 검토한 결과, 고, 저농도에서의 일내, 일간 변이계수 (CV)는 4% 이하였으며 상품화된 free PSA kit와 비교하였을 때 두 방법간의 상관계수는 0.9965으로 매우 양호하였다. 또한 농도가 높은 세 환자의 검체를 희석하여 직선성 검사를 하였을 때 상관계수가 모두 0.995이상으로 나타났다. 또한 microplate법에서 문제될 수 있는 hook effect는 유리형 PSA 농도가 40 ng/mL까지 나타나지 않았으며, 98.9%~104.1%의 회수율을 나타내었다. 따라서 본 연구에서 개발한 면역측정법 kit는 혈청 중의 유리형 PSA를 정확하고 간편하게 분석할 수 있으므로 임상 실험실에서 전립선암이나 전립선질환의 진단 및 치료효과의 판정에 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. Recent reports indicate that the clinical usefulness of prostate specific antigen (PSA), particulary in the differentiation of benign prostate hyperplasia from prostate cancer, can be improved by measuring the amount of free PSA in serum. Measuring free PSA is especially useful in attempts to improve diagnositc performance of PSA in the diagnostic gray zone of total PSA. The objective of this study was to develop free PSA assay kit using sandwich microplate enzyme immunoassay format. We chose a test format with poly clonal anti-PSA antibodies coated on the wells and monoclonal anti-free PSA antibodies for quantification to gain higher test sensitivity. We adpoted 50 uL of specimen and 2 hours of first incubation time with detecting antibody for free PSA EtA format using microplate. The within-day and between-day precision (%CV) in the high and low concentration ranges were below 4%. The correlation coefficient between in-house free PSA assay and commercial assay kit was r=0.9965 (slope=0.0984, y intercept=0.0173, N=27). No hook effect was found by 40 ng/mL and correlation coefficient (r) value of the fitted linear regression was over 0.995. The recovery tests were in the range of 98.9~104.1 % for free PSA. In conclusion, in-house free PSA enzyme immuno assay is cost effective, simple and rapid and could be useful for the prognosis after theraphy as well as for the differential diagnosis between prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia.

제주특별자치도의 학교 수 변천과 영향요인 탐색

김경옥(Kyoung-Ok Kim),이인회(In-Hoi Lee) 제주학회 2022 濟州島硏究 Vol.58 No.-

본 연구의 목적은 제주의 학교 수 변화를 기반으로 학교 변천의 추이를 파악하고 그변천에 영향을 미친 핵심 요인들을 도출하는 데 있다. 이러한 연구 목적을 달성하기 위해 문헌연구와 심층면담조사를 실시하였다. 심층면담은 초·중등학교의 교장 경력이 있으며 교육청의 장학관 또는 국·과장을 역임한 전직 교원 4명을 대상으로 2020년 10 월 17일∼11월 28일 사이에 진행되었다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 제주의 학교 수 변천 추이는 태동기, 정초기, 양적 발전기, 질적 전환기의 4단계로 나타났다. 둘째, 제주 학교의 변천에 영향을 준 요인들은 정초기를 제외하고 교육정책 외적 요인이 교육정책 요인보다 크게 영향을 주었다. 이는 당시 제주가 직면한 사회적 상황, 교육과 관련한 이해집단과의 상호작용 등의 교육정책 외적 요인이 작용했기 때문인 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과는 해당 교육청이 향후 학교 관련 정책을 수립하는데 기초자료로 활용될 수 있다. The purpose of this study was to identify the transitional process of schools’ number and to analyze the essential factors affecting the school transition based upon the change in the number of schools in Jeju. To accomplish it, the study used literature research and interview surveys. In-depth interviews were conducted from Oct. 17th through Nov. 28th, 2020, with the former four principals who had experienced managers, directors, or supervisors of the educational office. Major results of the study are as follows: First, the transitional process of schools in Jeju was revealed in four stages of fomentation, foundation, quantitative expansion, and qualitative transition. Second, the essential factors that influenced the transition of schools in Jeju were non-policy factors rather than policy factors on all stages except for the foundation one. The results would be used as the basic resources for future policy making in the educational office.

Surgical technique for single-port laparoscopy in huge ovarian tumors: SW Kim`s technique and comparison to laparotomy

( Jeong Sook Kim ),( In Ok Lee ),( Kyung Jin Eoh ),( Young Shin Chung ),( Inha Lee ),( Jung-yun Lee ),( Eun Ji Nam ),( Sunghoon Kim ),( Young Tae Kim ),( Sang Wun Kim ) 대한산부인과학회 2017 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.60 No.2

Objective This study aimed to introduce a method to remove huge ovarian tumors (≥15 cm) intact with single-port laparoscopic surgery (SPLS) using SW Kim`s technique and to compare the surgical outcomes with those of laparotomy. Methods Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for patients who underwent either SPLS (n=21) with SW Kim`s technique using a specially designed 30×30-cm2-sized 3XL LapBag or laparotomy (n=22) for a huge ovarian tumor from December 2008 to May 2016. Perioperative surgical outcomes were compared. Results In 19/21 (90.5%) patients, SPLS was successfully performed without any tumor spillage or conversion to multi-port laparoscopy or laparotomy. There was no significant difference in patient characteristics, including tumor diameter and total operation time, between both groups. The postoperative hospital stay was significantly shorter for the SPLS group than for the laparotomy group (median, 2 [1 to 5] vs. 4 [3 to 17] days; P<0.001). The number of postoperative general diet build-up days was also significantly shorter for the SPLS group (median, 1 [1 to 4] vs. 3 [2 to 16] days; P<0.001). Immediate post-operative pain score was lower in the SPLS group (median, 2.0 [0 to 8] vs. 4.0 [0 to 8]; P=0.045). Patient-controlled anesthesia was used less in the SPLS group (61.9% vs. 100%). Conclusion SPLS was successful in removing most large ovarian tumors without rupture and showed quicker recovery and less immediate post-operative pain in comparison to laparotomy. SPLS using SW Kim`s technique could be a feasible solution to removing huge ovarian tumors.

결핵에 의한 급성호흡곤란증후군의 사망률 및 예후 예측인자

김태옥 ( Tae ok Kim ),강현욱 ( Hyun Wook Kang ),지수영 ( Su Young Chi ),반희정 ( Hee Jung Ban ),오인재 ( In Jae Oh ),김규식 ( Kyu Sik Kim ),김유일 ( Yu Il Kim ),임성철 ( Sung Chul Lim ),김영철 ( Young Chul Kim ),권용수 ( Yong Soo 대한내과학회 2011 대한내과학회지 Vol.81 No.4

Background/Aims: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to tuberculosis (TB) is a rare disease, but its mortality is believed to be high. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mortality rate and prognostic factors of ARDS. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the demographic, clinical, radiologic, and laboratory data of 19 patients with ARDS due to active pulmonary TB at Chonnam National University Hospital between January 2000 and December 2010. Results: The median age of patients was 71.1 (interquartile range [IQR] 51-74) years. None had a history of TB treatment. The most common symptoms were dyspnea (90%), fever (68%), and cough (53%). The overall in-hospital mortality was 73%. The median acute physiologic assessment and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) III score and pneumonia severity index (PSI) were 81.9 (IQR 59.0-92.0) and 111.0 (IQR 77.0-131.0), respectively. The PSI was significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors (55.0 vs. 122.0; p=0.016). The rate of TB treatment before admission was significantly higher in survivors than in non-survivors (75% vs. 13%; p=0.037). The time from admission to treatment initiation was significantly longer in non-survivors than in survivors (3 vs. 0 days; p=0.049). The median duration of mechanical ventilation was 11 days (IQR 5-16 days). The most common cause of death was a refractory shock (53%). Conclusions: The overall mortality rate of ARDS due to pulmonary TB was high. A high PSI score and delay of TB treatment may be risk factors for a poor outcome of ARDS due to pulmonary TB. (Korean J Med 2011;81:458-463)

Development of Enzyme Immuno Assay for Analysis of Free Prostate Specific Antigen in Serum

Lee,Kyung-Ok,Lee,Kyu-Pum,Kim,Kyung-In THE KOREAN SOCIETY FOR BIOMEDICAL LABORATORY SCIEN 1997 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.3 No.2

전립선특이항원 (PSA: Prostate Specific Antigen)은 전립선 세포에서 분비되는 단백질로서 장기 특이성이 높아 전립선암의 조기진단 및 치료의 예후를 판단하기 위해 임상에서 널리 사용되고 있는 혈청 종양표지검사의 대상항원이다. 그러나 혈청 PSA치는 전립선암 뿐 아니라 양성 전립선질환인 전립선비대증 (BPH), 전립선 경색, 전립선 염증 등에서도 상승될 수 있다. 혈청 내의 PSA는 여러 가지 분자형태로 이루어져 있으며 대표적으로 α₁-antichymotrypsin과 결합된 결합형 PSA (PSA-ACT)와 유리형 PSA (free PSA)로 나눌 수 있다. 전립선암 환자의 혈청에는 결합형 PSA가 95% 이상으로 매우 높고 유리형 PSA의 분포는 매우 작은 반면 전립성비대증에서는 유리형 PSA의 농도가 높아지므로, 결합형 PSA와 동시에 유리형 PSA를 측정하면 종양표지검사로서의 특이성과 예민도를 높일 수 있다는 보고가 있어, 최근 혈청내의 유리형 PSA의 측정의 중요성이 임상적으로 대두되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 sandwich 원리로 유리형 PSA 효소면역측정법 (EIA) kit를 개발하고 그 유용성을 검토한 결과, 고, 저농도에서의 일내, 일간 변이계수 (CV)는 4% 이하였으며 상품화된 free PSA kit와 비교하였을 때 두 방법간의 상관계수는 0.9965으로 매우 양호하였다. 또한 농도가 높은 세 환자의 검체를 희석하여 직선성 검사를 하였을 때 상관계수가 모두 0.995이상으로 나타났다. 또한 microplate법에서 문제될 수 있는 hook effect는 유리형 PSA 농도가 40ng/mL까지 나타나지 않았으며, 98.9∼104.1%의 회수율을 나타내었다. 따라서 본 연구에서 개발한 면역측정법 kit는 혈청 중의 유리형 PSA를 정확하고 간편하게 분석할 수 있으므로 임상 실험실에서 전립선암이나 전립선질환의 진단 및 치료효과의 판정에 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. Recent reports indicate that the clinical usefulness of prostate specific antigen (PSA), particulary in the differentiation of benign prostate hyperplasia from prostate cancer, can be improved by measuring the amount of free PSA in serum. Measuring free PSA is especially useful in attempts to improve diagnositc performance of PSA in the diagnostic gray zone of total PSA. The objective of this study was to develop free PSA assay kit using sandwich microplate enzyme immunoassay format. We chose a test format with polyclonal anti-PSA antibodies coated on the wells and monoclonal anti-free PSA antibodies for quantification to gain higher test sensitivity. We adpoted 50 uL of specimen and 2 hours of first incubation time with detecting antibody for free PSA EIA format using microplate. The within-day and between-day precision (%CV) in the high and low concentration ranges were below 4%. The correlation coefficient between in-house free PSA assay and commercial assay kit was r=0.9965 (slope=0.0984, y intercept=0.0173, N=27). No hook effect was found by 40 ng/mL and correlation coefficient (r) value of the fitted linear regression was over 0.995. The recovery tests were in the range of 98.9∼104.1% for free PSA. In conclusion, in-house free PSA enzyme immuno assay is cost effective, simple and rapid and could be useful for the prognosis after theraphy as well as for the differential diagnosis between prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia.

Qualitative Analysis of Proteins in Two Snake Venoms, Gloydius Blomhoffii and Agkistrodon Acutus

Su-Jeong Ha,Yeo-Ok Choi,Eun-Bin Kwag,Soo-Dam Kim,Hwa-Seung Yoo,In-Cheol Kang,So-Jung Park 대한약침학회 2022 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.25 No.1

Objectives: Snake venom is a complex mixture of various pharmacologically active substances, such as small proteins, peptides, and organic and mineral components. This paper aims to identify and analyse the proteins in common venomous snakes, such as Gloydius blomhoffii (G. blomhoffii) and Agkistrodon acutus (A. acutus), in Korea. Methods: We used mass spectrometry, electrophoresis, N-terminal sequencing and in-gel digestion to analyse the proteins in these two snake venoms. Results: We identified eight proteins in G. blomhoffii venom and four proteins in A. acutus venom. The proteins detected in G. blomhoffii and A. acutus venoms were phospholipase A2, snake venom metalloproteinase and cysteine-rich secretory protein. Snake C-type lectin (snaclec) was unique to A. acutus venom. Conclusion: These data will contribute to the current knowledge of proteins present in the venoms of viper snakes and provide useful information for investigating their therapeutic potential.