3T Multi Voxel Spectroscopy에서 SENSE와 NEX 변화에 따른 정상인 뇌 대사물질 변화 분석

성열훈,임재동,이재현,조성봉,우동철,최보영,Seong, Yeol-Hun,Rhim, Jae-Dong,Lee, Jae-Hyun,Cho, Sung-Bong,Woo, Dong-Chul,Choe, Bo-Young 한국의학물리학회 2008 의학물리 Vol.19 No.4

자기공명분광법(magnetic resonance spectroscopy: MRS)은 인체내 대사물질을 정량분석하여 병변의 조기진단 및 정밀진단에 도움을 주고 있으며, 최근 임상에 이용되고 있는 자기공명분광법은 single voxel spectroscopy (SVS) 기법과 multi voxel spectroscopy (MVS) 기법이 있다. 본 연구에서는 SENSE와 NEX를 변화시킨 multi voxel spectroscopy (MVS)의 데이터와 기존 single voxel spectroscopy (SVS)의 데이터를 비교 분석하여, 각각의 데이터의 유의성 차이를 평가하고자 하였다. 정상 성인 지원자 13명(남자: 5명, 여자: 8명, 평균 41세, 표준편차 11.65세)을 대상으로 chemical shift image (CSI)를 이용한 MVS검사를 시행하였다. 장비는 3.0T Achieva Release Version 2.1 (Philips Medical System, Netherland)을 이용하였고, 8 channel head coil을 사용하여 brain thalamus 부위에서 CSI spectrum을 1 slice 획득하였다. Scan parameter로는 FOV (field of view): $230{\times}184mm^2$, TR (time to repetition): 2000 msec, TE (time to echo): 288 msec, matrix: $15{\times}12$, VOI(view of interest): $110{\times}110mm^2$, voxel size: $15{\times}15{\times}15mm^3$로 하였다. SENSE factor (S)와 NEX (N)는 S1*N1, S2*N1, S2*N2, S3*N2로 변화하여 스펙트럼을 획득하였고, 각 scan time은 5분 54초, 3분 32초, 6분 20초, 4분 20초였다. 얻은 모든 MRS 데이터는 jMRUI 3.0 Version 프로그램에서 분석하였고, SENSE factor와 NEX를 변화시켜 얻은 MVS data 그룹들이 정상 성인 뇌 대사물질의 변화에 영향을 주는지 검증하기 위해 그룹 간에 ANOVA분석을 실행하여 P 값이 0.05보다 크게 나오면 그룹들 사이에 유의한 차이가 없다고 분석하였다. NAA/Cr과 Cho/Cr의 상대적 비율은 MV와 SVS사이에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 즉, SENSE factor와 NEX를 변화시켜 얻은 MVS data에서 정상 성인 뇌조직의 대사물질의 변화를 관찰한 결과, S1*N1의 NAA/Cr은 $1.45{\pm}0.03$, Cho/Cr은 $0.88{\pm}0.03$이고, S2*N1의 NAA/Cr은 $1.44{\pm}0.03$, Cho/Cr은 $0.87{\pm}0.05$, S2*N2의 NAA/Cr은 $1.43{\pm}0.02$, Cho/Cr은 $0.87{\pm}0.04$이며, S3*N2의 NAA/Cr은 $1.45{\pm}0.03$, Cho/Cr은 $0.87{\pm}0.03$으로 나타났다(F-value : 1.37, D.F : 3, P-value : 0.262). 그러나 데이터의 질을 측정하기 위한 MVS 데이터의 NAA Peak line-width는 SVS 데이터의 NAA Peak line-width 보다 약 3배 정도 넓었다. 본 연구에서는 MVS에서 SENSE factor와 NEX 값을 다양하게 변화시킨 MVS의 데이터와 SVS의 데이터가 큰 차이가 없음을 확인하였다. 즉, 어는 특정 부위의 뇌 조직의 대사물질은 MVS와 SVS 기법 모두 큰 차이가 없음을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러므로 MVS는 SVS보다 광범한 부위를 짧은 시간 안에 검사할 수 있으므로 매우 유용한 방법이라고 사료된다. To evaluate the metabolic changes in normal adult brains due to alterations SENSE and NEX (number of excitation) by multi voxel MR Spectroscopy at 3.0 Tesla. The study group was composed of normal volunteers (5 men and 8 women) with a mean ($\pm$ standard deviation) age of 41 (${\pm}11.65$). Their ages ranged from 28 to 61 years. MR Spectroscopy was performed with a 3.0T Achieva Release Version 2.0 (Philips Medical System-Netherlands). The 8 channel head coil was employed for MRS acquisition. The 13 volunteers underwent multi voxel spectroscopy (MVS) and single voxel spectroscopy (SVS) on the thalamus area with normally gray matter. Spectral parameters were as follows: 15 mm of thickness; 230 mm of FOV (field of view); 2000 msecs of repetition time (TR); 288 msecs of echo time (TE); $110{\times}110$ mm of VOI (view of interest); $15{\times}15{\times}15$ mm of voxel size. Multi voxel spectral parameters were made using specially in alteration of SENSE factor (1~3) and 1~2 of NEX. All MRS data were processed by the jMRUI 3.0 Version. There was no significant difference in NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratio between MVS and SVS likewise the previous results by Ross and coworkers in 1994. In addition, despite the alterations of SENSE factor and NEX in MVS, the metabolite ratios were not changed (F-value : 1.37, D.F : 3, P-value : 0.262). However, line-width of NAA peak in MVS was 3 times bigger than that in SVS. In the present study, we demonstrated that the alterations of SENSE factor and NEX were not critically affective to the result of metabolic ratios in the normal brain tissue.

진주산업대학교의 樹木相과 管理에 관한 소고

김우룡,안현철,조현서,추갑철,송재철 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 2001 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.14 No.-

This study was carried out to investigate the woody plants of the Chinju National University. Field survey was carried out 3 times from July to October 2000. The results obtained from this study were as follows : 1. Among 145 kinds, 88 genera, 53 families of total woody plants, the needle-leaved trees of 28 kinds, 15 genera, 6 families and broad-leaved trees of 117 kinds, 73 genera 47 families were found. 2. Among the 4 investigated districts, area II showed the most abundant woody plants(92 kinds). 3. The endemic woody plants to Korea in Chinju National University were 6 species, They are Pinus koraiensis, Abies koreana, Buxus microphylla var. koreana, Cornus walteri, Carpinus coreana, Gleditsia joponica var. koraiensis. 4. The species of rare and endangered plants were 6 species, There are Corylopsis coreana, Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii, Koelreuteria paniculata, Abies koreana, Magnolia kobus, Tsuga siebodii and The exotic woody plants in korea were 59 kinds 41 genera 28 families. 5. The most abundant populations were Thea sinensis(271 populations) and Ilex crenata(247 populations).

What SERVPERF in Recruiting Website Does Determine Users` Perceived Value, Satisfaction, and Revisit Intention in Korea?

( Chul-ho Cho1 ),( Jae Hoon Hyun ) 한국품질경영학회 2015 한국품질경영학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.2

Purpose This study aims to identify the factors of the recruiting websites’ service quality that determines the users’ perception and behavior and the moderating role of job exploration type in Korea. Design/Methodology/Approach This research is designed to address the casual relation between service quality of recruiting websites and revisit intention by introducing perceived value and user satisfaction as mediating variables. Based on pilot tests and previous studies of website quality, we devised a SERVPERF evaluation model pertaining to the web service quality of recruiting website. 302 valid observations were collected and used to examine the constructs through structural equation modeling. Findings The findings show that interactivity, aesthetics, reliability and usability influence service quality of recruiting websites through perceived value and satisfaction as mediators. This study also found that job exploration type moderates, as a user group seeking full time jobs recognizes value from the quality of information and scope of interactivity, while users searching for part time jobs appreciate aesthetics. Implications This research contributes to the literature by the provision of the elements that influence service quality of recruiting websites and by examining perceived value as a new mediator. The findings also provide practical implications for recruiting websites to tune strategic approach by different motives of user groups. Originality/Value A number of previous studies examined web service quality and users’ reaction in the area of e-commerce and general websites but there were lack of attempts to identify service quality in the context of online recruitment. This study fills the research gaps by providing the SERVPERF evaluation model examining the elements that influence quality of recruiting website and identifying how service quality affects users’ perception and behaviour.

검도의 빠른 동작 머리치기와 후리기가 심박수 및 혈중 피로물질에 미치는 영향

조현철,황동선 龍仁大學校 武道硏究所 2003 武道硏究所誌 Vol.14 No.1

The purpose of the paper is to physiologically analyze what the result of long-term practice of Kumdo is and how Hu-ri-gi, exercising muscles used during Kumdo practice, influences on the metabolism of fatigue material. A comparison is conducted between skilled group and unskilled group for the changes of heart rate, lactate, and density of ammonia during two different types of recovering time; Rest recovery and Exercise Recovery, after practicing Ppa-run Dong-jak Meori-chi-gi. The target group of this experimentation is composed of twelve people who are members of The Kumdo Association of S city. Six among the sample group have practiced Kumdo for more than three years (skilled group) and the rest have less than six months of practicing period(unskilled group). The group participated in the experimentation taking two different types of recovery for 30 minutes after Ppa-run Dong-jak Meori-chi-gi. In the first method, Rest recovery, the group took a rest with comfortable position after the exercise. In the second method, Exercise recovery, the target group rested for fifteen minutes and practiced a hundred times of Hu-ri-gi in a regular speed, followed by the second rest in a comfortable position. In each time, blood-gathering was conducted during rest, when the exercise ended, after fifteen minutes of recovery, after 30 minutes of recovery. The result of this study are as follows; 1. Right after the exercise, heart-rate, lactate, and density of ammonia of the skilled group was lower in a meaningful degree compare to those of the unskilled group. 2. On the Rest recovery, heart-rate, lactate, and density of ammonia of the skilled group was lower than those of unskilled group. However, the meaningful difference was showed only in heart rate and the density of ammonia. 3. On the Exercise Recovery. heart-rate, lactate, and density of ammonia of the skilled group was considerably lower than those of unskilled group. 4. As a result of experimenting the two types of recovery, in both groups, heart rate, lactate and density of ammonia were lower in the second method, Exercise Recovery. However, the considerable difference was showed only in skilled group. In brief, a long-term Kumdo practice improves heart function, exercise capability, tolerance to the fatigue material Hu-ri-gi, an exercise recovery method which is comprehensively exercising muscles used during material Kumdo practice, is physiologically effective for eliminating fatigue material while recovery.

파노라마방사선사진 지수와 임플란트 실패와의 관계에 관한 연구

조현정,이원진,허민석,안창현,이진구,이삼선,최순철 大韓口腔顎顔面 放射線學會 2004 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.34 No.1

Purpose : Several panoramic indices have been suggested to assess bone quality from the morphology and width of mandibular cortex on panoramic radiography. The purpose of this study was to compare dental implant failure group with control group in panoramic mandibular index (PMI), mandibular cortical index (MCI), and gonion index (GI) and to determine the effect of these panoramic indices on dental implant failure. Materials and Methods : A case-control study was designed. Test group (n = 42) consisted of the patients who had their implants extracted because of peri-implantitis. Control group (n = 139) consisted of the patients who retained their implants over one year without any pathologic changes and had been followed up periodically. They had dental implants installed in their mandibles without bone augmentation surgery from 1991 to 2001. The following measures were collected for each patients: 1) PMI, MCI, and GI were measured twice at one-week interval on preoperative panoramic views; and 2) age, sex, implant length, implant type, installed location, occluding dentition state, and complication were investigated from the chart record. Results : The PMI showed moderate level of repeatability. The intra-observer agreement of MCI and GI were good. There was statistically significant difference in PMI between two groups. There were significant different patterns of distribution of MCI and GI between two groups. Among the panoramic indices, PMI and MCI showed significant correlation with dental implant failure. Conclusion : Panoramic indices can be used as reference data in estimating bone quality of edentulous patients who are to have implants installed in their mandibles.

프로축구 선수들의 포지션별 유산소성 파워능력과 슬관절 등속성 근 기능의 특성

조현철,김준호,강민철,김종규 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 2004 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.14 No.1

The purpose this study was to investigate the aerobic power and isokinetic muscular function of knee joint for korea the pro-soccer players in field position. Data were obtained from thirty one pro-soccer players. They didn't have any medical problem. They performed exercise stress test and isokinetic muscular function on treadmill and Isomed 2000. The assessment of cardiorespiratory and isokinetic muscular function were VO2max, Maximal heart, ATVO2, AT heart rate, Total Work, Average Work, Maximum Torque, Maximum Work and Flex/Ext. A two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures(two-way(2x4)RM ANOVA) was used to compare group and field position differences aerobic power and isokinetic muscular function. A Tukey post hoc test was used when significant mean differences were observed. Statistical significance was accepted as p<O.05. Aerobic power do not showed any significant difference among in field position. Hamstring muscle power was significantly higher in Forward and Middle field than Defense and Goal keeper. Muscular endurance was higher Defense and Goal keeper than Forward and Middle field. Based on the facts that we have discussed, aerobic and anaerobic power in field position do not showed any difference. However, isokinetic muscular function was significant difference in field position. Ratios of conventional and functional for isokinetic Hamsting: Quadriceps muscle strength in soccer player for prediction and decision injures, it is thought that more researches on it should be required.

Binaural beat 훈련이 골프선수들의 생리적 변화 및 골프 퍼팅수행력에 미치는 영향

조현철,김성연,임성규 용인대학교 국제스포츠과학연구원 체육과학연구소 2008 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.18 No.1

The purpose of this study was to increase a efficiency on physiological reaction and putting ability of golfer when they were used Binaural-beat. Participants were fourteen man aged 21-27 years in university golfer. They were tested both before and after Binaural-beat by EEG, EMG, Heart Rate and putting of three times at 4m range. The results as follow: 1. Alpha wave was a statistical significantly increased, beta and theta wave were not statistical significantly increased when it apply the Binural-beat. 2. EMG on apply the Binural-beat was lower than meditation. Especially, there were statistical significantly difference in Trapezius and Erector spinae, were not statistical significantly difference in Tibialis anterior. 3. There was no statistical significantly difference in heart rate when it apply the Binural-beat. As this results, We Binural-beat training was given a positive influence in brain alpha wave and lower of muscles activity. Therefore, we think that it can help to concentration elevation.

LISREL의 하위모델 : (2)측정방정식에 의한 분석 모델 (2) Measurement Models and Confirmatory Factor Analysis

조현철 漢陽大學校 産業經營硏究所 1998 産業經營硏究 Vol.10 No.-

역행성 유도선을 이용한 굴곡성 기관지경을 통한 이중관 기관내관 삽관한 경험

조현석,김문철 인제대학교 2008 仁濟醫學 Vol.29 No.-

The use of a retrograde guidewire technique to assist in the management of the difficult airway was first reported in 1981. Since then, modifications of this technique have included the use of the fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB) to permit tracheal intubation under direct visual control. We report here on the case of a 54-year-old female who was scheduled for an operation for esophageal diverticulectomy and she could not be intubated with double-lumen endotracheal tube. The cause was an esophageal bougie at the oral cavity, which made visualization of the glottis impossible. We perfomed alternative technique by passing a guidewire in a retrograde manner from the trachea to the mouth and then passing a fiberoptic bronchoscope within an endotracheal tube over the wire. No further complication occurred and surgery was finished satisfactory.

전기집진기 Layout 설계를 위한 소프트웨어 개발

조현덕,윤문철,박기서 한국공작기계학회 1997 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.6 No.1

Electrostatic precipitator is the equipment that separates dust particles from the gas in which they are suspended. Specially, for the construction of industrial electrostatic precipitator, the corporations would send the layout design to a customer to accept an order. Therefore, it is mae a detail drawing after accept ance. Since the layout design of electrostatic precipitator is very complex, it takes time and design errors are included. Thus, for competitiveness in these industries, the development of software for the layout design of electrostatic precipitator is important. In this study, the developed software deals with technical concept and layout design of industrial electrostatic precipitator. By using the software, design time was very short, design errors reduced largely, and the standardization of design could be carried out.