한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

진주산업대학교내 수목현황 및 관리방안에 관한 연구

김우룡,안현철,추갑철,박삼봉 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 2007 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.20 No.-

진주산업대학교 내 수목을 2006년 9월 1일부터 10월 30일 까지 3회에 걸쳐 5개의 구역으로 나누어 조사한 결과로 다음과 같다. 1. 진주산업대학교 내 생육하고 있는 목본식물은 총 58과 120속 179종류였다. 그 중에서 침엽수는 7과 18속 36종류이고, 활엽수는 51과 102속 146종류였다. 2. 한국의 특산 수종은 개비자, 잣나무, 구상나무, 소사나무, 주엽나무, 노각나무, 말채나무, 회양목 등 8종류였다. 3. 희귀멸종 수종은 눈향나무, 모감주나무, 구상나무, 솔송나무, 목련, 백량금, 왕벚나무, 죽절초 등 8종류였다. 4. 식재되어진 수종 중 국내산은 59% 도입종은 41%였는데, 중국산이 17%로 제일 많고, 일본산 13%, 유럽 13%, 기타 5% 순이었다. This study was carried out to investigate and management the woody plants of the Jinju National University. Field survey was carried out 3 times from September to October 2006. The results obtained from this study were as follows : 1. Among 179 kinds, 120 genera, 58 families of total woody plants, the needle - leaved trees of 33 kinds 18 genera, 7 families and broad - leaved trees of 146 kinds, 102 genera, 51 families were found. 2. The endemic woody plants to korea in Jinju National University were 8 species, There are Cephalotaxus koreana, Pinus koraiensis, Abies koreana, Carpinus coreana, Gleditsia japonica var. koraiensis, Stewartia koreana, Cornus coreana, Buxus microphylla var. koreana. 3. The Species of rare and endangered plants were 8 species, There are Juniperus chinensis, Koelreuteria paniculata, Abies koreana, Tsuga sieboldii , Magnolia kobus, Ardisia crenata, Prunus yedoensis. 4. Originality of tree was 59% in native and 41% in exotic trees with 17% from China, 13% from Japan, and 5% from Others.

진주산업대학교의 樹木相과 管理에 관한 소고

김우룡,안현철,조현서,추갑철,송재철 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 2001 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.14 No.-

This study was carried out to investigate the woody plants of the Chinju National University. Field survey was carried out 3 times from July to October 2000. The results obtained from this study were as follows : 1. Among 145 kinds, 88 genera, 53 families of total woody plants, the needle-leaved trees of 28 kinds, 15 genera, 6 families and broad-leaved trees of 117 kinds, 73 genera 47 families were found. 2. Among the 4 investigated districts, area II showed the most abundant woody plants(92 kinds). 3. The endemic woody plants to Korea in Chinju National University were 6 species, They are Pinus koraiensis, Abies koreana, Buxus microphylla var. koreana, Cornus walteri, Carpinus coreana, Gleditsia joponica var. koraiensis. 4. The species of rare and endangered plants were 6 species, There are Corylopsis coreana, Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii, Koelreuteria paniculata, Abies koreana, Magnolia kobus, Tsuga siebodii and The exotic woody plants in korea were 59 kinds 41 genera 28 families. 5. The most abundant populations were Thea sinensis(271 populations) and Ilex crenata(247 populations).

묘포지내 토양개량제 처리가 토양 이산화탄소 방출에미치는 영향

김춘식,안현철,조현서,추갑철 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 2007 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.20 No.-

묘포지에 토양 토양개량제인 목탄 500g, 목탄 500g+퇴비 1000g, 목탄 500g+요소 50g 을 토양에 처리한 후 토양특성 및 토양이산화탄소 방출량에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 토양개량제 처리구의 토양용적밀도, 토양수분, 토양온도는 대조구인 무처리구와 차이가 없었다. 그러나 토양pH의 경우 목탄, 목탄+퇴비처리구의 토양 pH는 대조구에 비해 높아졌으나, 목탄 +요소처리구는 대조구에 비해 토양 pH가 낮아졌다. 평균 토양 이산화탄소 방출량의 경우 대조구의 경우 0.62gCO_(2)/m^(2)/h, 목탄처리구 0.64gCO_(2)/m^(2)/h, 목탄+퇴비처리구 0.68gCO_(2)/m^(2)/h, 목탄+요소처리구 0.58gCO_(2)/m^(2)/h 로서 목탄+요소처리구가 가장 낮은 방출량을 보였다. This study was carried out to evaluate effects on soil property and soil CO2 efflux following soil conditioner treatments (wood charcoal 500g, wood charcoal 500g+compost 1000g, wood charcoal 500g+urea 50g) in a forest nursery. Soil bulk density, soil moisture content and soil temperature were not different between soil conditioner treatments and control. However, soil pH was higher in wood charcoal and wood charcoal+compost treatments than in control, while soil pH was lower in wood charcoal+urea treatment than in other treatments. Soil CO2 efflux was highest in wood charcoal+compost (0.68gCO_(2)/m^(2)/h), followed by wood charcoal (0.64gCO_(2)/m^(2)/h), control (0.62gCO_(2)/m^(2)/h), and wood charcoal+urea (0.58gCO_(2)/m^(2)/h) treatments.

한 대학한방병원에 입원한 뇌졸중환자의 입원경로를 중심으로 한 기술역학적 고찰

김송,박종,김기순,이철갑,류소연,정영 조선대학교 부설 의학연구소 1998 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.23 No.2

To find the characteristics of stroke patients and the relation between the pathway of admission and characteristics, of the patients including general characteristics, progression of disease and subjective complaints, an analysis was made from the medical record of 291 inpatients due to stroke admitted to a oriental medicine university hospital in 1997. 1. Diagnosis categories of analyzed Patients were 50 cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction. 2. Sex distribution of patients showed 125 male and 165 female and age distribution showed peak 33.7% at 60-69 year old group, 26.5% at 70-79 year old group in descending order(p<05). 3. Thirty four percent of stroke patients had family history of stroke and male showed significantly higher rate of family history of than female(p<05). 4. The type of physical constitution was classified as Tea-Eum-In(太陰人) 43,6%, So-Eum-In(少陰人) 29.9%, So-Yang-In(少陽人) 26.1%, Tea-Yang-In(太陽人) 0.3% in descending order of frequency. 5. Hypertension was the preceding condition for 36.4% of cerebral hemorrhage and 42.7% of cerebral infarction. 6. Sixty nine point four percent of the patients of the patients suffered from the stroke for the first time and 25.4% for the recurred stroke. Major subjective complaints of the patients were motor disturbance, speech difficulty and headache in descending order. 7. As the institution for medical care to this admission, 138 person(47.4%) used western type hospital or clinics, 137 persons(47.1%) passed oriental medicine clinics or hospitals, 6 persons(2.1%) used both type of western medicine and oriental medicine and 10 person(3.4%) used pharmacy folk medicine. 8. As pathway of medical care for cerebral hemorrhage 71.2% of patients used western type hospital or clinic and 26.9% used oriental type of care where as for cerebral infarction 42.3% used western type and 51.5% used oriental type. 9. While admitted to this hospital within one day after occurrence of the disease used oriental type by 87.5% and western type by 14.3%, patient admitted in one week after occurrence of the disease used western type by 66.9% and oriental type by 27.1%. The above results showed that the pathway of medical care for the stroke patients was complicated and make many problems due to delay in the arrival to medical care. So effective health care delivery system for the stroke patients must be made for more efficient medical care.

人工酸性雨가 몇 針葉樹種의 種子發芽와 苗木生長에 미치는 影響(2)

金甲泰,秋甲喆 尙志大學校 1992 論文集 Vol.13 No.-

인공산성우처리가 몇 침엽수종의 발아와 묘목생장에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자, 혼합토양을 채운 pot에 5 수종의 종자를 파종하고 황산을 지하수로 묽힌 pH 3.0, 4.0 및 5.0의 인공산성우와 지하수를 주 3회, 매회 5mm 씩 1990년 4월 초순부터 10월 초순까지 처리하였으며, 발아율 및 생장을 측정하여 처리간 비교분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 편백, 화백 및 잣나무에서는 pH 5.0 처리구에서, 소나무와 곰솔에서는 대조구에서 각각 발아율 및 득묘율이 가장 높았다. 2. 소나무와 곰솔은 대조구에서, 잣나무와 화백은 pH 5.0 처리구에서, 편백은 pH 4.0 처리구에서, 편백은 pH 4.0 처리구에서 각각 묘고가 가장 크게 나타났다. 3. 개체당 건중량의 경우 곰솔, 편백 및 화백은 1% 유의수준에서, 소나무는 5% 유의 수준에서 통계적 유의성이 인정되었으나, 잣나무에서는 통계적 유의성이 인정되지 않았다. 편백은 pH 4.0 처리구에서, 잣나무, 소나무 및 곰솔은 pH 5.0 처리구에서, 화백은 대조구에서 각각 최대건중량을 보였다. 4. 처리산성우의 pH 값이 작아질수록 피해가 나타난 침엽의 수 및 개체수가 증가하는 경향이었다. 5. 토양산도는 모든 수종에서 처리간 고도의 통계적 유의성이 인정되었다. Artificial acid rain(pH 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0) was treated on the seeds of 5 coniferous species to examine its effects on germination and seedling growth. Artificial acid rain was prepared by diluting sulfuric acid rain was sprayed to seeded pots three times per week. About 5 mm of artificial acid rain was treated each time from early April to early October, 1990. Germination, seedling establishment and seedling growth were measured and compared among the treatments. The results were summarized as follows; 1. Germination, seedling establishment rate of Chamaecyparis obtusa, Chamaecyparis picifera and Pinus koraiensis were hightes on the pH 5.0 pot whereeas those of Pinus densiflora and Pinus thunbergii were highest on the control pot. 2. Seedling height of Pinus densiflora and Pinus thunbergii was highest on the control pot, and that of Pinus koraiensis and Chamaecyparis picifera was highest on the pH 5.0 pot, and that of Chamaecyparis obtusa was highest on the pH 4.0 pot. 3. Seedling dry weight of Pinus thunbergii, Chamaecyparis obtusa and Chamaecyparis picifera differed significantly at 1% level, and that of Pinus densiflora differed at 5% level among the treatments, but that of Pinus koraiensis did not differ. Highest seedling dry weight of Chamaecyparis obtusa were observed on the pH 4.0 pot, and that of Pinus thunbergii, Pinus densiflora and Pinus koraiensis did on the pH 5.0 pot, and that of Chamaecyparis picifera did on the control pot. 4. With dercrease of pH value of artificial acid rain, the number of injured needle and injured individual tended to be increased. 5. The differences of soil acidity were highly significant among the treatments for all species.

초등학교 초임교사의 수업 반성을 통한 게임 교수 가치관 변화

김갑철 한국초등무용학회 2000 한국초등무용학회지 Vol.5 No.1

The purpose of this study was to identify the perception and the change of a novice teacher's views on objective, content, method, and assessment through the reflection of game teaching. To accomplish this purpose, action research methods were applied to a novice teacher who had less than one year elementary teaching experience in order to examine his teaching perspective for 15 weeks. The case record and inductive categorical analysis method were used to analyze the data obtained from the videotaping of the class, participant observation, in-depth interview, journals and documents. The trustworthiness of data was validated through triangulation. The results of the study are as follows : The view on teaching objectives : At the beginning, the teacher focused on the students' skill development and demand. He ran a game class without understanding of teaching objectives and the relationship between the teaching objectives and the teaching points. As the study proceeded, his objective of a game changed into the synthetical and alternative one through the reflection. As he got some clear teaching objectives, he could conceive the relationship among the teaching content, teaching method, and assessment. As he understood the teaching objectives and the teaching points more synthetically, he could teach students the games more systematically. The view on teaching contents : At the early stage, he depended on the P.E text about his game class. He ran the game classes in a teacher-centered way. Reflecting the game teaching, he changed his thought on the focus of the game content from the skill-based game into the students' perception process. He tried to teach the students some insight based on the practical strategies to cope with the real game situation. To provide the students with the best game, he emphasized the game selection which corresponded with the students' needs and abilities. The view on teaching method : Before reflection he just showed the students a stereotypical theme in the ground. As he reflected his own game teaching, he came to use multimedia(computer, projection T.V, O.H.P, videotapes, and so on) for the effective demonstration of the content(in the ground or classroom). Considering the characteristics of the game content, students' developmental stages, individuality, he grouped the students into the small or middle size pack(group of 5∼ 10). He paid attention to considering the understanding of students' emotion, individuality, and the development level for grouping the students. He indicated that students' desire for victory was to be managed carefully during the game activity. He said that P.E teacher's role should be a guide or a supporter in the game activity. He signified that P.E teacher should accumulate the pedagogical knowledge of game to use it timely at any circumstances. Also, he showed that P.E teacher's open mind was needed to promote the students' activity. The view on assessment : Without considering the teaching objectives he applied the norm-referenced evaluation to the students before the reflection. Reflecting upon the game teaching, he comprehended the correspondence between teaching objectives and assessment objectives. Te normalize the assessment system, he urged the P.E teacher to apply the corresponding objectives to the students in the real game situation. To establish the right game teaching condition, he emphasized that the assessment system should be changed from the record for the achievement report into the individual assessment for the individual development. And he said that the improvement of teaching and learning method should be made for this. Also, he emphasized that the success of game teaching and the students' motivation should depend on the management of the assessment results.

개나리 형질전환에 관한 연구

추갑철,김우룡,이용섭,권영한 진주산업대학교 1999 산업과학기술연구소보 Vol.- No.6

본 연구는 우리 나라 전역에 널리 식재 되고 있는 개나리를 이용하여 목본식물의 형질전환방법을 확립하고 형질전환용 시료의 다양화를 위하여 실시하였다. 기내에서 식물체를 증식하기 위하여 배지의 조성 및 식물생장조절제의 농도와 조합을 조사하였다. 줄기의 증식에 미치는 싸이토키닌의 종류별 효과는 BAP, kinetin과 zeatin을 4가지 농도별로 처리하였고, 절편배양 후 7일부터 기부가 부풀어오르고 액아로 부터 줄기의 생장을 육안으로 관찰할 수 있었다. 배양초기의 줄기생장은 생장호르몬의 종류나 농도에 따라 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 세 가지의 싸이토키닌 중 kinetin의 첨가는 BAP나 zeatin의 처리보다 줄기유도는 저조하나 부정근의 형성은 뚜렷하게 촉진되었다. BAP는 0.5㎎/ ℓ농도 이상에서 줄기유도에 다소양호하였다. 캘러스를 유도는 MS배지에 0.1㎎/l BAP^+ 0.5, 1.0㎎/l 2,4-D등에서 갈변되지 않고 성장이 왕성한 킬러스를 얻을 수 있었다. 식물형질전환을 위하여 식물형질전환 벡터 pBI12l을 Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA 4404에 삽입하여 함께 공조배양 하였다. 공조배양 후 CIM배지에 배양한 후 SIM에 이식하여 부정아를 유도하였다. 유도된 캘러스로부터 식물체를 유도하여 증식하였다. 증식된 식물체의 형질전환을 검정하기 위하여 NPT11 ELISA 검정을 실시, 대조구와 비교하여 형질 전환체에서 보다 높은 측정치를 얻을 수 있었다. Transformation system of Forsythia koreana was developed. For shoot formation various cytokinins such as BAP, kinetin and zeatin were tested. Among them, BAP was the most suitable cytokines and it`s optimal concentration was found to be 0.5㎎/ℓ. As for the test finding the callus resistance on medium supplemented with antibiotic, kanamycin, the optimal concentration was 20㎎/ℓ kanamycin. After coculture with Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA 4404, explants were positioned on CIM(callus inducing medium) and induced callus. Several weeks later, transgenic callus were tested NPTⅡ to confirm transformation and the transgenic callus had higher values than controls. This results seem that Forsythia koreana is a useful plant to develop transformation system in woody plants.

금송의 揷木時期, 床土 및 發根劑가 揷木繁殖에 미치는 影響

秋甲喆,金佑龍,朴贊均 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 2005 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.18 No.-

조경수 및 관상수로 개발 가능한 유망수종인 금송을 대상으로 삽목을 이용하여 대량 묘목 생산을 위한 기초 자료의 제공을 위해 삽목시기, 상토의 종류, 발근촉진제의 침적시간이 삽수의 발근율, 고사율, 뿌리발생 등에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 삽목시기에서 발근율은 춘삽(3월)이 32.08%로, 7월 삽목 24.5%보다 약 8% 높았으며 상토조건을 고려할 때는 peatmoss + perlite의 상토에 3월에 삽목을 실시하는 것이 발근율이 35.4%로서 가장 효과가 높았다. IBA 100ppm의 발근촉진제 침적 시간은 30hours 침적이 발근율 50%로서 타 침적 시간에 비해 유의적으로 높은 발근율을 보였다. 2. 삽수의 캘러스 형성율은 삽수채취시기, 상토의 종류, 발근촉진제의 침적시간 등과는 무관한 것으로 나타났다. 3. 삽수의 고사율은 30hours 침적이 8.5%로 가장 낮았으며, 발근율과 밀접한 관계를 보였다. 4. 발근된 삽수의 뿌리 수는 평균 8개 정도로서 삽수채취시기, 상토의 종류, 발근촉진제 침적시간 등과는 관계가 없었으나 측근의 길이는 30hours 침적이 10.5mm로서 타 침적 시간에 비해 유의적으로 길게 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 요약할 때 금송의 삽목을 위해서는 3월에 삽수를 채취하여 peatmoss + perlite의 상토에 삽목을 실시하고 채취된 삽수의 발근촉진제 침적 시간은 IBA 100ppm에 30hours 정도로 하는 것이 가장 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. This study was carried out to develop mass propagation techniques by cutting seedling of Sciadopitys verticillata tree which is a promising tree species as an ornamental and a landscape trees. Rooting rates, mortality rates (percentage of dead cutting) and number of roots were measured by cutting times, growth media and the digesting times of growth hormone. 1. Rooting rates by cutting times were higher in March cutting (32.08%) than in July cutting (24.5%). The highest rooting rates were observed in March cutting (35.4%) with the growth media of peatmoss + perlite. The rooting rates by the digesting times of growth hormone were the highest (50%) in 30 hours at IBA 100ppm among the treatments. 2. Callus formation from cutting roots was not related to cutting times, growth media and the digesting time of growth hormone. 3. Mortality rates were lower in 30 hours digesting time at IBA 100ppm than in other treatments and closely related to rooting rates. 4. Number of roots were about 8 and not related to cutting times, growth media and the digesting time of growth hormone. However, lateral root length was significantly higher in 30 hours at IBA 100ppm than in other treatments. In conclusion, the best techniques to cutting propagations of Sciadopitys verticillata were observed in March cutting (rooting rates : 35.4%) into the growth media of peatmoss + perlite with 30 hours digesting times at IBA 100ppm.

IBA 및 혼합토 처리가 智異山 흰진달래 增殖에 미치는 영향

秋甲喆,金佑龍,安鉉哲 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 2004 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.17 No.-