어린이의 사시교정술시 인공호흡수와 심박수와의 상관관계

강종만,김종성,김희수,염명걸 대한마취과학회 2001 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.41 No.4

Correlation between Respiratory Rates and the Degree of Bradycardia in Strabismus Surgery in Children Jong-Man Kang, M.D., Hee-Soo Kim, M.D., Chong0Sung Kim, M.D. and Myung-Kul Yum, M.D.^* Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, and ^*Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea Background: Strabismus surgery is frequent in pediatric ophthalmic surgery. Traction on the extra-ocular muscles can trigger an oculocardiac rdflex. We investigated the correlation between respiratoy rates and the degree of bradycardia to find another management for preventing oculocardiac reflex. Methods: NO premedications were administered. They were induced with thiopental and vecuronium and maintained with O_@-enflurane-N_2O. The tidal volume was 10 ml/kg. Respiratory rate of group 1 (n = 18) was fixed at 24 bpm, group 2 (n = 18) at 20 bpm, and group 3 (n = 19) at 16 bpm. We measured the mean heart rate from intubation to the beginning of surgery and defined this as the basal heart rate. We defined the lowest heart rate after traction of the extraocular muscles as the minimal heart rate. We calculated the correlation coefficient between the respiratory rate and basal heart rate, minimal heart rate, the change of heart rates and E_tCO_2. Results: There was a positive correlation between the respiratory rate and the basal heart rate, and minimal heart rate. There was no correlation between the respiratory rate and the change of heart rate. There was no difference in E_tCo_2 among the 3 groups. Conclusions: Can be increased both basal heart rate in anesthetized patients and minimal heart rate induced by oculocardiac reflex by making the respiratory rate more rapid if there is no significant difference of E_tCO_2. The oculocardiac reflex may be reduced by making respiratory rate more rapid if there is no significant influence on minute ventilation. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2001; 41: 450~454)

高速道路 터널區間에서의 運轉者 視覺情報 特性에 관한 硏究

金明洙,延基錫,姜宗實 大田産業大學校 2001 한밭대학교 논문집 Vol.18 No.-

It is very important to analyse drivers' visual behavior because visual information accounts for more than 90 percent of information for driving. There is a research that adjustment factor a tunnel is 0.95 and for a continuous tunnel is 0.09. The reason is that a vehicle slowed down for visual trouble in the tunnel section of highway. This problem usually happens but there has never been studied of human factor which is operated as causes. Therefore the importance of researches on stable driving, smooth travel and coping with traffic safety is increasing day by day. In this regard, this study has an eye to visual aspect among things which influence drives' activity.

Integrated PET/CT of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors: diagnostic and prognostic implications.

Chong, Semin,Lee, Kyung Soo,Kim, Byung-Tae,Choi, Joon Young,Yi, Chin A,Chung, Myung Jin,Oh, Dae-Kun,Lee, Ji-Young American Roentgen Ray Society 2007 American Journal of Roentgenology Vol.188 No.5

<P>OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe retrospectively integrated PET/CT findings on pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors and to correlate the findings with prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between May 2003 and February 2005, 37 consecutively enrolled patients (33 men and four women; mean age, 60 years) with histopathologically proven pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT after enhanced standalone CT. CT was used to analyze the morphologic features of the tumors and PET to measure maximum standardized uptake value (SUV). Maximum SUVs of carcinoid tumors, large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNECs), and small-cell lung carcinomas (SCLCs) were compared, and maximum SUV and tumor stage and prognosis were correlated. RESULTS: Four (two typical and two atypical) of the seven carcinoid tumors had no FDG uptake or less than mediastinal uptake. The maximum SUVs of primary tumors, in increasing order, were significantly different for carcinoids (mean, 4.0; median, 3.4), LCNECs (mean, 12.0; median, 10.7), and SCLCs (mean, 11.6; median, 11.7) (p = 0.006, Kruskal-Wallis test). There was no significant correlation between maximum SUV of the primary tumor and the tumor stages of carcinoids, LCNECs, or SCLCs (p = 0.08, Jonckheere-Terpstra test; p = 0.768, Mann-Whitney test). Results of receiver operating characteristics analysis showed a maximum SUV greater than 13.7 suggested a poor survival period in cases of LCNEC and SCLC. CONCLUSION: The maximum SUVs of neuroendocrine tumors are significantly different for carcinoid tumors, LCNECs, and SCLCs, and a high maximum SUV suggests short survival of patients with LCNEC or SCLC.</P>

환자와 자연환경에서 분리된 Aeromonas의 균종 및 항균제 감수성

정윤섭,이삼열,홍천수,고춘명,곽창길 대한감염학회 1987 감염 Vol.19 No.3

Aeromonas is known to cause gastrointestinal as well as various extraintestinal infections in man. Strains of Aeromonas isolated from mam used to be identified as A. hydrophila, but other species is now known to cause infection. In this study, strains of Aeromonas isolated from clinical materials during July 1983 to December 1986 and identified as A. hydrophila were reexamined to ascertain presence of other species. Also attempted was to isolate Aeromonas from environmental sources during September to October 1986. Identification of species were done by various biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by the agar dilution method. Among the clinical isolates 15 were A. hydrophila, 7 A. sobria and 4 A. caviae. From the environment 11 were A.sobria, 7 A. hydrophila and 2 A. caviae. A. hydrophila as well as A. sobria (7) and A. caviae (4) were isolated from such specimens as wound, blood and bile. From environmental sources, fish bowl water often yielded the organism. The isolates included 10 A. sobria, 6 A. hydrophila and 2 A. caviae. All of the isolates were susceptible to amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin, most were susceptible to cefamandole, cefoperazone, cefoxitin, cefuroxime, moxalactam, chloramphenicol and tetracycline, and a few were susceptible to cefazolin and cotrimoxazole. All were resistant to ampicillin. It is concluded that from clinical materials A. hydrophila as well as A. sobria and A. caviae are isolated, that among the environmental isolates A. sobria outnumber others, and that the most active antimicrobial agents are aminoglycosides, cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin.

Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Lung: Clinical, Pathologic, and Imaging Findings

Chong, Semin,Lee, Kyung Soo,Chung, Myung Jin,Han, Joungho,Kwon, O Jung,Kim, Tae Sung Radiological Society of North America 2006 Radiographics Vol.26 No.1

<P>Neuroendocrine tumors of the lung arise from Kulchitzky cells of the bronchial mucosa and comprise typical carcinoid, atypical carcinoid, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). At histopathologic analysis, these tumors demonstrate a progressive increase in the number of mitotic figures per 10 high-power fields of viable tumor and in the extent of necrosis, with typical carcinoid having the lowest values and SCLC having the highest. Typical carcinoid is less aggressive than atypical carcinoid, although these tumors have similar gross pathologic and radiologic features; LCNEC has a prognosis between that of atypical carcinoid and that of SCLC. SCLC is the most aggressive pulmonary neuroendocrine tumor and has the most specific imaging feature: mediastinal or hilar lymphadenopathy. At CT, carcinoid tumors appear as a spherical or ovoid nodule or mass with a well-defined and slightly lobulated border. When nonspherical, the tumor is elongated with its long axis parallel to adjacent bronchi. Calcification or ossification is seen in up to 30% of cases. The CT findings of LCNEC are nonspecific and are similar to those of other non-small cell lung cancers. Although there are some overlapping features between these tumors, integration of the clinical and imaging features may be helpful in differentiation of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors.</P>

Quantile confidence region using highest density

Hong, Chong Sun,Yoo, Myung Soo The Korean Statistical Society 2019 Communications for statistical applications and me Vol.26 No.1

Multivariate Confidence Region (MCR) cannot be used to obtain the confidence region of the mean vector of multivariate data when the normality assumption is not satisfied; however, the Quantile Confidence Region (QCR) could be used with a Multivariate Quantile Vector in these cases. The coverage rate of the QCR is better than MCR; however, it has a disadvantage because the QCR has a wide shape when the probability density function follows a bimodal form. In this study, we propose a Quantile Confidence Region using the Highest density (QCRHD) method with the Highest Density Region (HDR). The coverage rate of QCRHD was superior to MCR, but is found to be similar to QCR. The QCRHD is constructed as one region similar to QCR when the distance of the mean vector is close. When the distance of the mean vector is far, the QCR has one wide region, but the QCRHD has two smaller regions. Based on these features, it is found that the QCRHD can overcome the disadvantages of the QCR, which may have a wide shape.

Lymph node targeting and pharmacokinetics of [^3H]methotrexate-encapsulated neutral large unilamellar vesicles and immunoliposomes

Kim, Chong-Kook,Choi, Yun Jeong,Lim, Soo-Jeong,Lee, Myung Gull,Lee, Sun Hwa,Hwang, Sung Joo 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 1993 藥學論文集 Vol.9 No.-

The lymph mode targeting ability and the pharmacokinetics of [^3H]methotrexate (MTX)-bearing neutral large unilamell vesicles (NULV) and immunoliposomes (IL; anti-rat immunoglobulin G-conjugated liposomes) were compared with those of ? [^3H]MTX after intravenous (i.v.) or intramuscular (i.m.) injection to rats. The plasma radioactivity declined slowly after ? injection of the NLUV or IL when compared with that after [^3H]MTX, and might be due to the slow release of radioactivity from the NLUV or IL which are present in plasma and/or taken up into tissues. The values of AUC_0-24h in the regional lymph ? were 6.60- and 6.60-fold increased after i.m. injection of NLUV and IL, respectively, when compared with the value after from [^3H]MTX, and the corresponding values for nonregional lymph nodes were 5.35- and 4.78-fold. It strongly suggested that ? NLUV or IL could have a better lymph targeting ability than that of free [^3H]MTX. The encapsulation efficiency of [^3H]MTX the NLUV increased with increasing cholesterol contents up to 44 mol% and decreased thereafter as prepared by the ? phase evaporation method. The in vitro release of radioactivity was reduced when the NLUV or IL was incubated in plasma kept 37℃ and at a rate of 50 oscillations /min (opm) when compared with the value from [^3H]MTX using a dialysis bag.

만성 혈액투석 환자에서의 대사성 산혈증과 음이온차의 양상

손정일(Chong Il Sohn),김병훈(Byoung Hun Kim),신진호(Jin Ho Shin),양석철(Suck Chul Yang),박용수(Yong Soo Park),한동수(Dong Soo Han),안명주(Myung Ju Ahn),손주현(Ju Hyun Sohn),이인홍(In Hong Lee),김순길(Soon Kil Kim),이정희(Jung Hee Lee 대한내과학회 1996 대한내과학회지 Vol.51 No.2

N/A Objectives: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the prevalence of the various patterns of metabolic acidosis and anion gap among chronic hemodyalysis patients. Methods: Analysis of predialysis arterial blood gases and anion gap patterns was performed in 67 stable chronic outpatient hemodialysis patients(>1 year) with acetate buffer. Blood samples were drawn from the arterial line of the atreriovenous fistula for determination of blood electrolytes, chemistries, and analysis of blood gases at the beginning of hemodyalysis. Results: The degree of metabolic acidosis was mild to moderate with mean pH 7.33±0.039. 82% of a total 67 patients had pH between 7.30 and 7.39 with 18% of them between 7.20 and 7.29. Simple as mixed metabolic acidosis was shown in 49 of 67 patients(73%) and 18 of 67 patients(27%), respectively. In comparison of both groups, the group with mixed metabolic acidosis had significantly lower pH(7.29±0.04 vs 7.34±0.03, p<0.001) with higher pCO₂(38.5±3.4, p<0.005) and anion gap(19.6±4.1 vs 17.6±2.9, p<0.05). The classical high anion gap of end stage renal disease (range, 16 to 29 mEq/L) was also noted in 20 of 67 patients(30%). The linear regression analysis between anion gaps and total serum carbon dioxide contents (TCO₂) didn't show any significant correlation in all patients as well as the two subdivided groups with high and normal anion gap. Furthermore, only 13 of 67 patients(20%) were included between 80 and 120% in the ratio of delta anion gap(ΔAG) over delta TCO₂(dTCO₂). Therefore, the majority of hemodialysis patients (80%) showed the discrepancy between the degrees of d AG and ΔTCO₂. The analysis of unmeasured cations(K, Ca) and anions(albumin, phosphate) in the calculation of anion gap(Na ?Cl ?HCO₃) between two groups of high and normal anion gap of all patients as well as 49 patients of simple metabolic acidosis didn't reveal any discernible contributions to the changes of anion gap. Conclusion- This study therefore showed that the mixed acid-base balance and normal anion gap metabolic acidosis is not an exception in chronic stable hemodialysis patients. Also, the impact of hemodialysis in end stage renal disease patients seemed to lead the changes in values of unidentified anions besides fixed mineral acids and/or in those of unrecognized ionic equivalents of plasma constituents.

선천성심질환에서 방사성 동위원소심혈관조영술 : 좌우단락의 발견과 정량에 대하여

김종수,김병찬,최기철,김종건,손명희,노병석,송호영 대한핵의학회 1986 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.20 No.1

In detecting, localizing and quantitating cardiac shunts, radionulide angiocardiography has been known to be a simple and safe method compared with oxymetry method. To ascertain the availability of the results obtained by radionuclide angiocardiography for the evaluation of patients with cardiac shunt, author compared the Qp/Qs ratios (pulmonary to systemic flow ratios) obtained by radionuclide angiocardiography with the results of oximetry method in 40 patients with left to right shunt, and also compared the results of radionuclide angiocardiography examined before and after shunt operation in 8 patients. The results were as follows: 1) Of the 161 patients examined radionuclide angiocardiography, 98 were thought to have cardiac shunts: right to left shunt in 27, left to right shunt in 71. Of the 71 patients who had left to right shunt, 40 who were examined with both radionuclide angiocardiography and oxymetry had following congenital heart disease: VSD in 21, ASD in 9 and PDA in 10. 2) Comparison of Qp/Qs ratios obtained during radionuclide angiocardiography and oxymetryr revealed good correlation (linear regression analysis yielded correlation coefficient of 0.80) in 32 patients whose Qp/Qs ratio obtained during oxymetry were below 3.0, but very poor correlation in 8 patients whose Qp/Qs ratios were above 3.0. 3) Radionuclide angiocardiography is a relatively safe and simple method in postoperative evaluation of patients with cardiac shunt.

Tire 및 Tube 의 품질 보강에 관한 연구(제2보)

이명환,박창호,이진범,이준수,염홍찬,홍종명,임동호,이종근 한국고무학회 1968 엘라스토머 및 콤포지트 Vol.3 No.1

The physical properties of NR-SBR and NR-BR blends were studied. 1. In blending, tensile strength decreased with increase in synthetic rubber contents. It was most effective when the ratio of NR/Syn. R is 75/25. 2. Tensile strength decreased with order of NR, SBR and BR and modulus after aging is proportional of synthetic rubber contents. 3. Elongation is less influenced by synthetic rubber ratio that on the other hand, the decrease of elongation is proportional to synthetic rubber contents after aging. 4. Hardness decreased with increase in the synthetic rubber contents and on the other hand, the hardness increased after aging.