胡適의 중국고전소설고증 연구 - 신고증학의 정립과 소설고증방법의 사례를 중심으로

유봉구 중국학연구회 2012 중국학연구 Vol.- No.59

胡適活用現代科學的方法批判性地研究中國古典小說,對中國古典小說做出了新的詮釋。胡適的‘古典小說考證’對中國現代學術的轉換具有非常重大的意義。從學術史的發展來看,清代的漢學由經學開始,發展到史學⋅子學,進而擴展到‘5⋅4’新文化運動中的小說,這不僅體現了學術自身的發展趨勢和連續性,更是表現出了學術的傳統變革和現代的轉換。同時它擴大了漢學研究的範圍,並且將曾被認作‘異端’的小說編入學術研究的範圍,另外,將傳統考證學發展成為現代科學研究,對此諸多方面有著重要意義。胡適的‘古典小說考證’很自然地將西方學術和中國學術,傳統和現代連接起來,是中國學術研究的轉折點。胡適此項學術研究起源於清代考證學,同時西方的實用主義和科學的研究方法對他取得學術成果起到了很大的輔助作用。在此研究方法基礎之上著成的小說考證中,胡適首先批判了金聖嘆的 『水滸傳』評論,其次胡適從‘歷史進化論’的觀念出發,主張歷史是變化發展的,由此考證了古典小說。最後,胡適以對‘古典小說考證’的研究方法作為重點,做出了重要的詮釋。胡適的古典小說考證將文學列入實證研究的範疇,提倡科學的研究方法,為推動文學的科學研究做出了巨大的貢獻。然而,胡適的這種研究方法的局限性也給小說和文學研究帶來了以下問題。第一,他將文學研究和科學的方法一概而論,作為實證研究,想要完全代替文學批評。第二,他用實驗主義的眼光來研究文學,不區分歷史的事實和文學的真實,將小說和現實混為一談。

中國現代歷史小說의 形成과 發展過程

유봉구 중국학연구회 2007 中國學硏究 Vol.- No.39

청대 만리차도(萬里茶道)의 형성 연구

유봉구 한국외국어대학교 중국연구소 2023 中國硏究 Vol.94 No.-

In Qing Dynasty, Russia was a major trading partner of Shanxi merchants in their northern trade along with the Mongol region occupied by the Qing. Qing Dynasty and Russia made various treaties between them to build an institutional device for their merchants. The road was built after the Treaty of Kiakhta, and the historical changes in its routes can thus be divided into the early, middle, and late stages around Kiakhta. Trade along the border of Kiakhta happened in the early and middle stages, and Shanxi merchants crossed the border and engaged in trade in the territory of Russia in the late stage. Even though Shanxi merchants moved into Russia, the Sino-Russian Tea Road disappeared from the stage of history in the 20th century and marked the end of its 200-year history after experiencing a decline due to the unequal treaties between Qing and Russia, the Russian government's exclusion of Shanxi merchants in Russia, the weakening national power of Qing Dynasty, and the corruption and incompetence of Qing Dynasty. 청대에 이르러 산서상인의 북방 무역의 대상은 청나라에 점령당한 몽골지역 이외에 러시아가 주요 교역 국가였다. 그래서 국가 차원에서 청나라와 러시아 양국은 다양한 조약을 체결하여 양국 상인들에게 제도적 장치를 마련해 주었고, 주된 교역 장소는 캬흐타 중심으로 이루어지는 국경무역이었으며 또 신강과 동북지방으로 확대되었고 이후에는 러시아 국경을 넘어 러시아에서의 무역으로 이어졌다. 이러한 상인들의 노선이 만리차도로 형성되었다. 산서상인이 국경으로 가서 진행하는 무역노선이 많았기 때문에, 만리차도 노선은 캬흐타 지역을 중심으로 이루어졌다. <캬흐타 국경 협정>을 시작으로 이루어졌기 때문에 만리차도 노선의 역사적 변천 역시 캬흐타를 중심으로 전기와 중기 및 후기인 3개 단계로 나눌 수 있었다. 청나라와 러시아가 맺은 불평등 조약과 러시아 정부의 러시아 주재 산서상인에 대한 배척, 청조 국력의 쇠약, 청조의 부패와 무능 등의 원인으로 쇠락의 길로 접어들어 20세기에 이르러 200여 년의 만리차도는 역사 무대에서 사라졌다.

노인 치매 환자의 행동심리 증상과 부양부담과의 관계

유봉구,김응규,김재우,김태유,박경원,성상민,윤수진,윤성민,이상찬,최문성,홍태용,김수영 대한치매학회 2008 Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders Vol.7 No.1

Background: Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are a source of distress and burden for caregivers. This study was designed to determine the relationship between BPSD and their impact on caregivers. Methods: The subjects were 144 participants with dementia living with their caregivers. There were 98 Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients and 46 vascular dementia (VaD) patients. Burden Interviews and the Caregiver Burden Inventory, the Korean version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (K-NPI), were conducted by face-to-face interviews with the caregivers. Results: Approximately seventy percent of the caregivers were women, and their mean age was 54-yr-old. Forty-two percent of the caregivers were spouses. Among the individuals with dementia, apathy/indifference, depression, agitation/aggression, irritability/lability and anxiety were found in the highest frequencies. Caregiver burden was associated with apathy/ indifference, disinhibition, irritability/lability, anxiety, and appetite/eating disorders in the K-NPI. There were significant correlations of K-NPI subscale scores of agitation, anxiety, apathy/indifference, irritability/lability, disinhibition, aberrant motor behavior, and appetite/eating disorders with caregiver burden. Multiple regression analysis revealed that disinhibition and irritability/lability were independently associated with caregiver burden. Conclusions: Our study demonstratedthat caregiver burden is affected more by the demented patient’s BPSD than conditions due to their decreased cognitive functions. These findings suggest that some symptoms such as disinhibition, and irritability/lability may affect the caregiver burden significantly. Background: Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are a source of distress and burden for caregivers. This study was designed to determine the relationship between BPSD and their impact on caregivers. Methods: The subjects were 144 participants with dementia living with their caregivers. There were 98 Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients and 46 vascular dementia (VaD) patients. Burden Interviews and the Caregiver Burden Inventory, the Korean version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (K-NPI), were conducted by face-to-face interviews with the caregivers. Results: Approximately seventy percent of the caregivers were women, and their mean age was 54-yr-old. Forty-two percent of the caregivers were spouses. Among the individuals with dementia, apathy/indifference, depression, agitation/aggression, irritability/lability and anxiety were found in the highest frequencies. Caregiver burden was associated with apathy/ indifference, disinhibition, irritability/lability, anxiety, and appetite/eating disorders in the K-NPI. There were significant correlations of K-NPI subscale scores of agitation, anxiety, apathy/indifference, irritability/lability, disinhibition, aberrant motor behavior, and appetite/eating disorders with caregiver burden. Multiple regression analysis revealed that disinhibition and irritability/lability were independently associated with caregiver burden. Conclusions: Our study demonstratedthat caregiver burden is affected more by the demented patient’s BPSD than conditions due to their decreased cognitive functions. These findings suggest that some symptoms such as disinhibition, and irritability/lability may affect the caregiver burden significantly.

중국 인터넷게임산업의 발전과정과 그 정책적 특징 연구

유봉구 중앙대학교 외국학연구소 2019 외국학연구 Vol.- No.48

Among the newly emerged industries in the 1990s, the Internet culture industry developed very rapidly, gaining significant attention. In particular, the industry has evolved into one of the global entertainment industries in a very short time. In 2003, the value of the global online game industry reached over 7 billion dollars, accounting for 24.7% of the total entertainment market. Most of all, the US online game industry has recorded 2.5 billion dollars, taking up about 33% of the global market. In fact, the actual revenue of the Chinese game market in 2017 recorded 203.61 billion Chinese Yuan, a 23% increase from the same time last year, and the growth rate rose approximately 5.3% compared to 2016; the number of game users reached 583 million, which was an explosive increase by 3.1% from the same time period in the previous year. Despite such growth, the Internet game market in China also went through a period of adjustment. The game market has already been broken down into client games, web games, SNS games, mobile games, console games and TV games. Meanwhile, the Internet game industry in China is showing a downward trend in client games, and mobile games are leading its Internet game industry along with the development of smartphones.

시상경색 환자에서 Phenytoin에 의해 유발된 비대칭성 고정자세불능증

유봉구,박영혁,김광수,유경무 대한신경과학회 2002 대한신경과학회지 Vol.20 No.1

魯迅의 輯佚연구 고찰

유봉구 중앙대학교 외국학연구소 2013 외국학연구 Vol.- No.26

Many writings by ancient scholars were often passed down improperly due to many historical events in China. So, in modern days, there is an increasing number of scholars who want to get it solved academically. We call this effort ‘Compilation’. After the Qing Dynasty, when the work of Compilation had begun in earnest, many scholars conducted the compilation work with various methods. First, there were ancient books in the past, but some of their contents were lost. Second, there were cases in which there were not original books, but only some sentences. The third method is compiling the sentences partially, namely, historical investigation of literature. There are several characteristics of Lu Xun's compilation work. First, Lu Xun’s compilation work had a wide range of references from which he collected. Second, Lu Xun’s compilation work was conducted under a well-established Sentence Rule System, so the sentences compiled by these rules were comparatively perfect. Third, Lu Xun’s compilation work was closely combined with compilation and emendation. Based on these principles, Lu Xun included several contents to his compilation work. First, there are 10 books of 『Kuijiqungushuzaji(會稽郡故書雜集)』 in 8 types. Second, there are 36 books of 『Guxiaoshougouchen(古小說鉤沉)』in 36 types. This work was started to describe 『zhongguoxiaoshuoshilüe(中國小說史略)』. Third, as the compilation of historical books in a style of JiChuanti(紀傳體), there are three types as follows. Fourth, there was 『Jikangji(嵇康集)』. This book has a characteristic of ‘Emendation’, but compilation work was also conducted in some parts.

『聊齋志異』에 표현된 상인이미지 연구

유봉구 중앙대학교 외국학연구소 2015 외국학연구 Vol.- No.33

The Ming and Qing Dynasties, when Liaozhaizhiyi was written, witnessed the emergence of merchant groups, including the Huishang, Jinshang, and Shandong merchants, spurred by the development of the citizen class and the first appearance of the Rushang phenomenon. Author Pu Songling chose to include many works on merchants in Liaozhaizhiyi. His literary family had faced failure, forcing his father Pu Pan to abandon studies and to engage in commerce. In addition, Pu’s hometown Zichuan was characterized by active commerce, which enabled him to understand the lives of merchants and write a variety of images about merchants. Various types of businesses are described in the collection, which covers commercial areas throughout the country, particularly Shandong. Liaozhaizhiyi offers crucial hints to the author’s views of merchants. First, he criticizes inaccurate perceptions of merchants contemporary to him. Second, he faults landowners for hoarding wealth, arguing that money should be circulated and regarded as capital. Third, he maintains that commercial profits should be generated as surplus. Finally, he denounces corrupt officials’ tyranny and exploitation of merchants. Two major types of merchant images are presented in Liaozhaizhiyi: As the son of a literary man, Pu chose to depict images of literary men who became merchants. Secondly, the collection depicts images of peddlers. As a child, Pu saw many small-scale peddlers in his hometown Zichuan and was sympathetic to them. He understood their lives very well and realistically describes their emotions and harsh conditions. Finally, he also depicts common merchants’ psychological relationship with money and criticized them as unbound by ethics or morality and willing to sell their own flesh and blood under the dominant money–first principle.

인슐린 비의존성 당뇨병 환자에서의 인지기능에 관한 연구 : 인식 유발전위와 신경심리검사를 중심으로

유봉구,윤석중,김광수,유경무,최영식,박요한 대한신경과학회 1997 대한신경과학회지 Vol.15 No.4

진행성 치매와 반복되는 뇌졸중을 보인 뇌 아밀로이드 혈관병증 1예

유봉구,곽강호,김태유,김광수,유경무 대한치매학회 2004 Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders Vol.3 No.1

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy can cause intracerebral hemorrhage, progressive dementia, seizure and transient ischemic attacks. Dementia is a relatively common manifestation and associated with the presence of recurrent strokes and leukoencephalopathy. A 66-year-old right-handed man with hypertension and recurrent strokes presented with rapidly progressive dementia and sudden onset of dysarthria and dizziness. He showed memory impairment, personality and behavioral changes, and executive dysfunction for one and an half years. These symptoms developed insidiously and quite rapidly without fluctuation. Brain CT showed a small hemorrhage in the right cerebellum. Brain MRI, especially gradient-echo images revealed multiple cortical and cortico-subcortical microbleeds. Four weeks later, right hemiparesis suddenly developed and a repeated MRI showed a new left corona radiata infarction. We learn from this case that gradient-echo MR images should be performed in patients with rapidly progressive dementia and recurrent strokes.