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Correlation between BIS and layered behavior of heart rate in children under general anesthesia
염명걸 대한마취통증의학회 2008 Anesthesia and pain medicine Vol.3 No.4
Background: The bispectral index (BIS) is based on changes in the electroencephalogram, and is commonly used to monitor depth of anesthesia. The central nervous system (CNS) controls heart rate variability (HRV). The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between heart rate variability and changes in BIS. Methods: We recruited 33 patients, aged 2−12 years. On arrival at the operating room, electrocardiograph (ECG), SpO2, noninvasive blood pressure, and BIS were monitored. After induction and intubation, patients were ventilated with sevoflurane in 35% oxygen in air. At a tidal volume of 7 ml/kg, the respiratory rate was adjusted to maintain an end-tidal CO2 of 35−40 mmHg. Inspired and expired end-tidal sevoflurane concentrations were held constant at 1.0 or 2.5 vol% for more than 10 minutes, after which ECG and BIS data were obtained for 15 minutes. Low-frequency power (LFP), highfrequency power (HFP), approximate entropy (ApEn), maximum layered behavior indices (MaxLI), and mean layered behavior indices (MeanLI) were calculated from the ECG. The relationship between mean BIS and variability indices at the two sevoflurane concentrations was measured by Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: MaxLI and MeanLI were positively correlated to BIS; whereas LFP, HFP, and ApEn were not. Conclusions: BIS and ECG indices are correlated during sevoflurane anesthesia in children, and thus ECG-derived indices could be used to monitor depth of anesthesia.
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공포 영화 장면 노출 후 수평적 안구 운동이 심박수 변이도에 미치는 영향
이해원,염명걸,김석현,이윤정,김대호,Lee, Haewon,Yum, Myung-Kul,Kim, Seok Hyeon,Lee, Yun Jeong,Kim, Daeho 대한생물정신의학회 2008 생물정신의학 Vol.15 No.1
Objectives : There has been a continued debate regarding the role of eye movements in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing(EMDR). This study examined the possible autonomic effect of horizontal eye movements after being exposed to fearful stimuli. Methods : Fifty two healthy adult women were randomly allocated to eye movement or eye fixed groups after watching a five minute fear-inducing film clip. ECG was recorded during the resting state, after watching the clip, and the treatment. A spectral power analysis of the heart rate variability was performed. As the variables violated the rule of normal distribution and the number in each group is small the non-parametric test was used. Results : Overall, we did not find the differences between the groups in both time and frequency domains. Some minor differences found were not consistent with results from previous studies. Conclusions : Effect of eye movement on autonomic nervous system during fear desensitization was not supported in this experiment. Further study with other psychophysiological measures is needed to understand the role of eye movements in treatment of traumatic memory.
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한 자동차공장의 1주연속 12시간주야맞교대근무 노동자들의 심박동수변이
성주헌,염명걸,공정옥,이혜은,김인아,김정연,손미아,Sung, Ju-Hon,Yum, Myung-Gul,Kong, Jung-Ok,Lee, Hye-Un,Kim, In-A,Kim, Jung-Yeon,Son, Mi-A 대한예방의학회 2004 예방의학회지 Vol.37 No.2
Objectives : The objective of this study is to compare the circadian patterns of heart rate variability assessed by 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic (ECG) recordings during day shift and night shift among the workers in the 5 days-concecutive-12-hour shift in an automobile factory in Korea. Methods : The study population consisted 300 workers, who were randomly selected among the 8700 total workers in one car factory. To analyse circadian variation, the 24-hour ECG recordings (Marquette) were measured during day shift (08:00-20:00 h) and night shift (20:00-08:00 h). Analysis was performed for all time and frequency domain measures of HRV. 233 workers completed taking 24-hour ECG recordings. Results : This study shows that the 24 hourcircadian variation mainly follows work/sleep cycle rather than day/night cycle among shift workers. This study also shows that among the night shift, the circadian variation between work and sleep cycle decreased compared to the work/sleep cycle among day shift workers. All time and frequency domain parameters (except LF/HF ratio) show significantly different between work and sleep in the day shift and night shift. Conclusion : These changes in heart rate variability circadian rhythms reflect significant reductions in cardiac parasympathetic activity with the most marked reduction in normal vagal activity among the shift workers. Especially, it suggests the circadian rhytm has blunted among the night workers. The quantification of the circadian variation in HRV can be a surrogates of workers' potential health risk, as well as suggests possible mechanisms through which the shift works compromise workers' health.
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