『 트리스트람 셴디 』 에서의 " 마담 " 독자와 여성의 성(욕)

양원경 한국영미문학페미니즘학회 1997 영미문학페미니즘 Vol.5 No.1

로렌스 스턴의 『트리스트람 셴디』에 대한 18세기 여성독자들의 부정적 반응은 당대의 여성소설가였던 클라라 리브가 『트리스트람 셴디』를 "여성의 책(a woman's book)"이 아니라고 평가한 것으로 집약될 수 있다. 본 논문은 우선 "마담"이라 불리우는 여성독자를 다루는 스턴의 태도로부터 마담독자의 현실속 실체라 할 수 있는 18세기 여성독자들에 대한 스턴의 작가적 의도, 즉 『트리스트람 셴디』가 여성독자들로 하여금 여성의 시각에서 여성적 글읽기(reading as a woman)를 하도록 의도된 작품이라는 것을 유추한다. 또한 본 논문은 『트리스프람 셴디』에 대해 부도덕하고 외설스러운 작품이라는 부정적 평가를 불러일으킨 성(욕)의 묘사를 셴디부인과 과부 와드만의 성적 관심에 대한 분석을 통해 고찰한다. 그 결과 스턴은 이 작품에서 성(욕)에 대한 긍정적인 관점 하에 특히 남성중심적인 당대 사회의 관습에 의해 억눌린 여성의 성(욕)을 자연스럽고 건강한 인간적 욕망의 하나로 그리고 있음을 보게 된다. 당대 여성독자들이 성(욕)의 묘사에 거부감을 갖고 『트리스트람 셴디』를 여성이 읽기에 적합한 책이 아니라고 간주한 것은 결국 정숙함이라는 미명하에 여성의 성(욕)을 억제한 남성들의 시각에서 작품을 평가한 것이라 할 수 있다.

Anti-inflammatory Effects of Canavaliae Semen(Canavalia gladiate) Extracts

양원경,박양춘,김한영,김근회,노성수,김승형 대한본초학회 2019 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.34 No.1

Objective : An allergy to peanuts is a major cause of fatal food-induced anaphylaxis, with food allergies becoming an increasingly important health research issue. Food allergy as clinical entity has been recongnized for many years, although there is yet no general concord as to the incidence of this symptom.1) Methods : This study was undertaken to verify the effect of seeds of Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC. extract (CGE) on the inhibition of allergic reactions using a cholera toxin and peanut extract-immunized food allergy mouse model. We determine whether the changes in rectal temperature were related to energy consumption owing to heat production in the body. Mast cell distribution and degranulation in the dermis and epidermis were observed with an optical microscope. Subsequently, Ara h1 levels in serum and interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, and IFN-γlevels in cultured supernatants of splenocytes were measured. Results : CGE treatment significantly attenuated the secretion of the Ara h1 antibody in serum and splenocytes. Ara h 1 was undetected in the cholera toxin and peanut extract-immunized food allergy mouse model. Improvement in ear tissue inflammation symptoms was the CGE experimental group. In the control group and peanut extract control group, the expression of mast cells was higher, whereas that in the CGE experimental group was significantly lower. Conclusion : CGE causes suppression in a food allergy mouse model via the inhibition of Ara h1 secretion, and might be useful for developing functional health foods.

특화생존

양원경,전범채,채은주 한국마케팅연구원 2019 마케팅 Vol.53 No.12

혈액의 인공적인 대안

양원경 덕성여자대학 약학부 1989 약운 Vol.9 No.-

가스크로마토그라피/질량분석기에 의한 모발중 대마성분 분석

양원경,한은영,박용훈,임미애,정희선 대한약학회 2004 약학회지 Vol.48 No.3

An analytic method was developed for the quantitation of $\Delta$$^{9}-$ tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and 11-nor-9-carboxy THC (THC-COOH) in human hair. After hair samples were pulverized using Freezer Mill, deuterated internal standards were added and digested in 1 N NaOH at $100^{\circ}C$ water bath for 30 min. Digest solutions were extracted by 5 ml hexane:ethyl acetate (90:10) after acidification with acetic acid. The organic phase was evaporated under N 2 and derivatized by BSTFA (with 1% TMCS) at $85^{\circ}C$ for 45 min. The derivatized solution was separated on HP-5MS column ($30m{\times}0.25mm{\times}0.25mm$) and detected using EI-GC-MS with selective ion monitoring mode. The assay of calibration was ranged from 5 to 100 ng/50 mg hair ($r^2$>0.99) for THC and THC-COOH. Within and between-run precision were calculated at 6, 30, 60 ng/50 mg hair with coefficients of variation less than 11%. Within and between run accuracies at the same concentrations were$\pm$14% and $\pm$30% of target for both analytes, respectively. Absolute and relative recovery at 10 and 100 ng were 60∼91%. The method was used to detect and quantify THC and THC-COOH in cannabis abuser's hairs (N = 16) and SRM (N=5, THC 1 ng/mg, NIST). We detected THC and THC-COOH in only one hair sample. In SRM, % accuracy was 93% (range 86∼103%) and precision (% CV) was 8.14. We began to set up a quantitative analysis of THC and THC-COOH using EI-GC-MS. Continuously, we need to modify and develop this method in order to apply for identification in cannanbis users' hair.

Effects of Scutellaria baicalensis Extract on Cigarette Smoke-Induced Airway Inflammation in a Murine Model of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

양원경,김승형,정인철,박양춘 한국식품영양과학회 2019 Journal of medicinal food Vol.22 No.1

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including pulmonary emphysema and chronic bronchitis as well as structural and inflammatory changes in small airways, is insensitive to corticosteroid therapies. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Scutellaria baicalensis root extract (SB_E) in a mouse model of COPD. The COPD mouse model was produced by challenging C57BL/6 mice with a cigarette smoke extract and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). SB_E significantly decreased the neutrophil counts in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-17A, macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP2), and chemokine (C–X–C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL-1) in BALF, and TNF-α mRNA expression in lung tissue. The histological lung injury was also alleviated by treatment with SB_E. Thus, SB_E effectively inhibited airway inflammation by regulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines by blocking MIP2 and CXCL-1 secretion. Therefore, S. baicalensis may be a potential therapeutic agent for COPD.

만성폐쇄성폐질환 동물모델에 대한 사간탕 및 구성약물의 효과

양원경,한종민,홍민영,김승형,박양춘 한국식품영양과학회 2015 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2015 No.8

Protective Effect of GHX02 Extract on Particulate Matter-Induced Lung Injury

양원경,류이란,김승형,채성욱,김기모,정인철,박양춘 한국식품영양과학회 2020 Journal of medicinal food Vol.23 No.6

Industrial development, along with the rapid growth of the economy, has greatly improved the quality of life in humans. Moreover, advancements in medical technology have increased life expectancy. Small particles increase airway inflammation when they penetrate the alveoli. We observed that GHX02 decreased the frequency and delayed the onset time of citric acid-induced coughing in guinea pigs. A phenol red secretion assay indicated that the GHX02 extract exhibits potent expectorant activity. The GHX02 extract also greatly reduced leukocyte levels. Our results indicate that GHX02 inhibits airway inflammation, reduces sputum production, and relieves cough. The GHX02 extract suppressed histamine release from mast cells resulting from compound 48/80-induced degranulation. The extract exhibited antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae and significantly inhibited the formation of LTC4. At high concentrations, the GHX02 extract suppressed the formation of PGE2 (prostaglandin E2). Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 levels decreased with an increasing dosage of GHX02. Oral administration of the GHX02 extract suppressed PM10D-induced inflammatory symptoms in the lung, including increased alveolar wall thickness, accumulation of collagen fibers, and cytokine release. Treatment with the GHX02 extract also resulted in lower levels of inflammatory cells, in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue. Our results indicate that GHX02 may be a useful therapeutic agent for treatment of respiratory diseases.

생강추출물의 항위염·항궤양 작용

양원경,정춘식,정기화,김재완,이은방 德成女子大學校 藥學硏究所 1992 藥學論文誌 Vol.3 No.1

The rhizoma of Zingiber officinale has been used as antiemetic, expectorants, stomachache relieving drugs and digestive accelerators. From the observation of antigastritic action of the methanol extract of the rhizoma, it was fractionated with fexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol, followed by bioassay on antigastritic and antiulcerative activity. The hexane and the chloroform fraction reduced significantly HCI·ethanol induced gastric lesion at the dose of 370 and 210mg/kg, p.o., respectively. On the gastric ulceration and gastric secretion in pylorus-ligated rats, the hexane fraction decrease the volume of gastric secretion and acid output, and also increased pH at the dose of 370 mg/kg, i.d..It showed considerable curative ratio of acetic acid induced ulcer without inhibition of indomethacin induced gastric lesion. The methanol extract showed low acute toxicity with minimum lethal dose of more than 3000mg/kg, p.o. in mice. In comclusion, Zingiberis rhizoma exgibited antigastic and antiulcerative activity which might be attributable to inhibition of gastric secretion. It is revealed that the active component may be present in the hexane fraction.

알레르기비염 진단을 위한 화학발광법의 유용성 평가

양원경,김혜련,이미경,박애자 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1997 中央醫大誌 Vol.22 No.1

The diagnosis of allergic disease includes detailed clinical history, physical examination, and the use of either in vivo or vitro tests for relevant allergens. Skin test is a useful diagnostic tool, but some patients cannot be tested because of dermatographism, severe skin eczema, or medication. These conditions may interfere with the results of the skin tests. For these patients, in vitro testing has been advocated as a methods for measuring allergen specific IgE antibodies. The most commonly used assays include the radioallergosorbent test(RAST), and various modifications of this test. But RAST must handle isotopic materials and need high priced instrument. The Multiple-allergosorbent-chemiluminescent assay (MAST-CLA) is relatively a new method for measuring allergen specific IgE antibodies. The MAST-CLA system uses enzyme-linked antihuman IgE and a chemiluminogenic substance to determine specific IgE antibodies. The MAST-CLA system therefore not only makes unnecessary precautions required for handing isotopic materials but has the advantage of relative long-term reagent stability. We evaluated this MAST-CLA system in 666 adults and 192 children and compared the results with skin test performed in 25 children. We also evaluated correlation between MAST-CLA total IgE voltages and serum total IgE level. Dermatophagoides farinae, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus are considered the most important causative allergens of allergic rhinitis in children rather than adults. The MAST-CLA had a sensitivity of 85%, 87%, a specificity of 58%, 60%, and a efficiency of 72%, 76% for D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus. The MAST-CLA had also a specificity of 96-100%, efficiency of 84-96% for other allergens. Sensitivity for other allergen could not evaluated because skin test & MAST-CLA positive rate was very low. There was no correlation between total IgE voltages by MOST-CLA to total IgE level in sera by nephelometry(p≥0.05). But total IgE level in MAST(+) group was higher than MAST(-) & healthy control group(<0.05). Above results suggested that MAST-CLA could offer a valuable method for mass screening of serum specific IgE antibody to search for common inhalant allergens.