냉수처리답에서 (冷水處理沓) 벼 잡종집단의 출수일수 (出穗日數), 임실율 (稔實率) 및 수당영화수의 (穗當穎花數) 선발효율

양운호,예종두,김광호 한국육종학회 1995 한국육종학회지 Vol.27 No.3

Benzobicyclon에 대한 총체 사료용 벼 품종의 약해 반응

양운호,손지영,김준환,정한용,안억근,김보경,박태선,윤영환 한국잔디학회 2014 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.3 No.3

Benzobicyclon induces phytotoxicity to Tongil type rice, although it is an efficient herbicide in paddy. This studywas performed to figure out the benzobicyclon-induced phytotoxicity responses of whole crop forage rice genotypes that have thegenetic background similar to Tongil type rice, under wet-seeded and transplanted conditions. Mogwoo demonstrated whiteningsymptom at all the temperatures in both wet-seeding and transplanting by the application of standard and double rates ofbenzobicyclon. Nokyang, Mogyang and Suweon560 exhibited no or negligible whitening and their plant heights were not reducedat standard rate of benzobicyclon. But in double rate application in wet-seeding, the three genotypes showed 0-8% of white plantsat all temperature treatments and reduction in plant height was comparatively larger at 27oC. In transplanting, the double rateapplication of benzobicyclon at 24 and 27oC induced 0-32% of whitening plants depending on genotypes while no whiteningplants were observed at 18 and 21oC in all genotypes. Reduction in biomass by double rate of benzobicyclon at 24 and 27oC wasgreater than at 18 and 21oC. It is concluded that Mogwoo is extremely sensitive to benzobicyclon and Nokyang, Mogyang andSuweon560 are tolerant to the standard rate of benzobicyclon. 담수표면산파와 이앙재배 조건에서 benzobicyclon에 대한 총체 사료용 벼 4품종 및 계통의 약해 반응 차이를 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 목우는 모든 재배양식, 처리온도,benzobicyclon 처리량에서 100% 백화 증상을 보였다. 녹양, 목양, 수원560은 benzobicyclon 기준량 처리에서는 백화 증상이 나타나지 않거나 매우 경미하였다. 그러나 benzobicyclon배량 처리에서 이들 3품종 및 계통은 담수표면산파의 경우 백화 현상이 0-8% 발생하였고, 27oC의 고온 처리에서는초장의 단축 정도가 컸다. 이앙재배의 경우 이들 3품종 및계통은 평균기온 18oC와 21oC에서 백화 증상을 보이지 않았던 반면, 24oC와 27oC에서는 품종에 따라 2-32%의 백화증상을 나타내었고 건물중도 감소하는 경향을 보였다. Benzobicyclon 배량의 고온 처리에서 이와 같은 약해 증상은 일반형 품종인 일품에서도 나타났다. 결과적으로, 목우는 benzobicyclon에 대한 약해가 매우 심하였으며, 녹양, 목양, 수원560은 benzobicyclon 기준량 처리에서는 약해를 보이지 않았다.

벼 품종의 출수생태 특성에 따른 포장 출수 반응 분석

양운호,강신구,김숙진,최종서,박종화 한국작물학회 2018 한국작물학회지 Vol.63 No.4

The heading response of rice varieties is determined by the combined effects of their basic vegetative phase (BVP), photoperiod-sensitivity (PS), and thermo-sensitivity (TS). This study was performed to analyze the effect of differences among heading ecotypes of rice on their heading response in the field. To do this, we investigated the heading response of 15 varieties grown under different day-length and temperature conditions in a phytotron. The characteristics of heading ecotypes were compared to the heading responses in the field-grown rice varieties that were used in the phytotron experiments. The ranges of these characteristics across the 15 varieties were 18 - 35 days for BVP, 12 - 61 days for PS, and 12 - 35 days for TS. In comparisons of coupled varieties that differed only in a single trait among BVP, PS, and TS, the variety with the longer BVP and that with the higher PS had a longer period from sowing to heading (DTH), while the variety with the higher TS had a shorter DTH. The comparative magnitude of DTH in the coupled varieties followed the PS trait when BVP and PS were involved, the BVP trait when BVP and TS were involved, and the PS trait when PS and TS were involved in the heading response of field-grown rice. When comparing the coupled varieties with different traits of the three examined factors, the heading response was consistent with the PS trait. The DTH in all 15 varieties was significantly correlated with the PS, and the DTH in 9 selected varieties with a relatively small PS was correlated with BVP. The reduced DTH of rice in the July 10 seeding treatment compared to those in the June 25 and May 11 seeding treatments was positively associated with PS, but not with TS. We concluded that the heading response of rice varieties under natural conditions in Korea is mainly governed by the PS trait and is also greatly affected by the BVP trait when the PS is small. 벼 품종의 출수생태 특성에 따른 포장 출수 반응 분석을위하여, 15품종에 대하여 인공기상실에서 일장과 평균기온각 4수준에 따른 출수생태 특성, 시험포장에서 담수산파재배 파종시기 5처리에 따른 출수 반응을 조사․분석한 결과는다음과 같다. 1. 시험 품종의 출수 소요일수는 일장이 15시간에서 14 시간으로 짧아질 때, 평균기온이 22°C에서 24°C로 높아질 때 전반적으로 단축 정도가 컸다. 2. 일장 12~14시간과 평균기온 24~28°C의 범위에서는일장과 온도에 의한 출수 촉진 효과의 적산 값이 비슷3. 벼 품종에 따라 기본영양생장성은 18일(새누리)~33일(아세미), 감광성은 12일(온포1)~61일(새누리), 감온성은 12일(호품)~35일(평양21) 범위였으며, 이들 세요인은 유의한 상관관계가 없었다. 4. 단요인이 관여하는 2품종 비교의 경우, 상대적으로 기본영양생장성이 큰 품종과 감광성이 큰 품종은 포장조건에서 출수 소요일수가 길었으며, 감온성이 큰 품종은 출수 소요일수가 짧았다. 5. 두 요인이 관여하는 2품종 비교에서는, 기본영양생장성과 감광성이 함께 관여하는 경우 감광성에 따라서, 기본영양생장성과 감온성이 함께 관여하는 경우 기본영영양생장성에 따라서, 감광성과 감온성이 함께 관여하는 경우 감광성에 따라 포장 출수 소요일수의 상대적인 장단이 결정되었다. 6. 세 요인이 관여하는 경우의 품종 비교에서는 출수 소요일수의 장단이 감광성의 상대적인 크기와 일치하였다. 7. 모든 공시품종에서 포장 출수 소요일수는 감광성과유의한 정의 상관을 보였으나, 파종시기가 늦어짐에따라 감광성의 영향 정도가 감소하였으며, 감광성이유사하게 낮은 조생종에서 출수 소요일수는 기본영양생장성과 유의한 상관관계를 나타내었다. 8. 5월 11일과 6월 25일 대비 7월 10일 파종에서 품종별출수 소요일수의 단축 정도는 감광성이 클수록 유의하게 컸으며, 감온성에 따라서는 일정한 경향이 없었다. 9. 결론적으로 우리나라 자연 일장과 기온 조건에서 벼품종의 출수기는 감광성에 영향을 크게 받으며, 재배시기 지연에 따른 출수 소요일수의 단축 정도 또한 품종의 감광성에 따라 결정되는 것으로 분석되었다.

중부 평야지에서 사료용 벼 기계이앙과 담수산파 재배의 건물 생산성 비교 분석

양운호,박정화,강신구,김숙진,최종서,Yang, Woonho,Park, Jeong-Hwa,Kang, Shingu,Kim, Sukjin,Choi, Jong-Seo 한국작물학회 2018 한국작물학회지 Vol.63 No.3

A field study was conducted over a 3-year period from 2014 to 2016 in the central plain area, Suwon, Korea, 1) to compare the biomass production between machine-transplanted and water-broadcast seeded silage rice and 2) to elucidate the growth factors that affect the difference in biomass production between the two cultivation practices. The heading date for the water-broadcast seeded silage rice was September 11-18, which was delayed by 11-17 days when compared to that for the machine-transplanted silage rice. On average, water-broadcast seeded silage rice had a shorter plant height, more panicles per area, and a greater biomass production because of the increased straw dry weight. However, the difference in dry weight of each plant organ between the two cultivation practices exhibited yearly variation. When the data were pooled across experimental years, cultivation practices, and varieties, biomass production was highly positively correlated with straw dry weight but not with panicle dry weight. When the ratio of water-broadcast seeding to machine-transplanting was analyzed, total dry weight and straw dry weight were positively associated with each other, whereas no relationship was found between total dry weight and panicle dry weight. Despite that water-broadcast seeded silage rice produced more panicles per area than machine-transplanted silage rice, the two cultivation practices had a similar dry weight per culm. Therefore, we conclude that the silage rice from the water-broadcast seeding, compared to the machine-transplanting, produced more biomass because of the combination of the increased panicle number per area and a similar dry weight per culm. These results suggest that silage rice could be produced through water-broadcast seeding to increase biomass production with low labor and cost input.

중북부 중간지대에서 극조생 벼 품종 ‘조운’의 기계이앙 시기에 따른 개화기 및 수량특성 변화

양운호,김명기,강신구,박정화,김숙진,최종서,양창인,백남현 한국작물학회 2017 한국작물학회지 Vol.62 No.4

This study was conducted over a 3-year period from 2013 to 2015 in the mid-northern inland, Cheolweon, Korea, to investigate changes in flowering date, daily mean temperature during grain filling, and yield characteristics affected by transplanting date in an early-maturing rice variety, ‘Joun’. Thirty-day-old seedlings were transplanted at four different dates at 15-day interval from May 5 to June 19. Flowering dates were July 16, July 21, July 31, and August 14 when transplanting was performed on May 5, May 20, June 4, and June 19, respectively. Late transplanting resulted in higher daily mean temperature before flowering but late-transplanted rice required fewer days and lower cumulative temperature to reach flowering from transplanting. As transplanting was delayed, daily mean temperature for 40 days after flowering decreased, whereas daily sunshine hours for the same period increased, with a temperature of 24.8°C and sunshine for 5.8 hours being recorded at the transplanting on May 5, and with a temperature of 21.0°C and sunshine for 7.7 hours at the transplanting on June 19. With late transplanting, panicles per square meter significantly decreased, whereas spikelets per panicle showed an increasing trend. Regression analysis showed that maximum head rice yield was attained from the transplanting on May 18, for which the flowering date was July 21, and daily mean temperature for 40 days from that flowering date was 24.6°C. A decrease in head rice yield by 5% and 10% of the maximum was observed for rice transplanted on June 6 and June 15, which resulted in flowering dates of August 2 and August 11, respectively, and the daily mean temperatures for 40 days from flowering were 23.2 and 21.7°C, respectively. Therefore, in mid-northern inland, it is recommended to transplant ‘Joun’ on May 18 to induce flowering on July 21, when grain filling is subjected to a daily mean temperature of 24.6°C during active filling stage. 중북부 중간지에서 극조생종 벼 품종 조운의 기계이앙시기에 따른 출수기와 등숙기간 중 평균기온의 변화 및 그에 따른 수량특성을 알아보기 위하여 국립식량과학원 철원출장소 시험포장에서 이앙시기를 5월 5일부터 6월 19일까지 조절하여 3년간 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 출수기는 5월 5일 이앙에서 7월 16일이었고 6월 19일 이앙에서 8월 14일이었으며, 이앙시기가 늦을수록 이앙~ 출수기의 일평균기온은 높았으나 기간이 짧아지고 적산온도가 적어졌다. 출수 후 40일간 기상은 이앙시기가 늦을수록 일평균기온이 낮아지고 일조시간은 많아졌다. 2. m2당 이삭수는 이앙시기에 따라 크게 영향을 받은 수량구성요소로서 이앙시기가 늦어짐에 따라 유의하게감소하였고, 수당영화수는 많아지는 경향을 보였다. 3. 쌀수량은 5월 20일 이앙에서 가장 많았고 6월 19일이앙에서 가장 적었으며, 완전미 비율은 쌀수량과 반대의 경향을 보였는데, 완전미 수량은 쌀수량이 증가함에 따라 향상되는 경향을 나타내었다. 4. 이앙시기와 완전미 수량지수의 관계 분석 결과, 5월18일 이앙에서 완전미 수량이 가장 높았으며, 최고수량 대비 5%와 10%가 감소하는 이앙시기는 각각 6월6일과 6월 15일로 분석되었다. 5. 완전미 최고수량을 보인 이앙시기의 출수기는 7월 21 일이었고 이 때 출수 후 40일간 평균기온은 24.6°C였으며, 최고수량 대비 5%와 10%가 감소하는 이앙시기의 출수기는 각각 8월 2일과 8월 11일로 이들 출수기에서 출수 후 40일간 평균기온은 각각 23.2°C와 21.7°C 였다.

중부 평야지에서 고품질 중생종 벼 '하이아미'의 재식밀도에 따른 수수 변화와 수량의 관계

양운호,강신구,박정화,김숙진,최종서,윤영환,Yang, Woonho,Kang, Shingu,Park, Jeong-Hwa,Kim, Sukjin,Choi, Jong-Seo,Yoon, Young-Hwan 한국작물학회 2017 한국작물학회지 Vol.62 No.3

This study was carried out in 2014 and 2015 to investigate the effect of transplanting density on panicle production and to analyze the relationship of panicle production with yield traits in the mid-maturing quality rice cultivar 'Haiami' in the mid-plain area of Korea. Number of tillers per square meter increased by reducing planting distance and increasing seedling number per hill. These effects were maintained until maturity and were reflected in the final number of panicles per square meter, although the effect of planting density decreased as rice growth progressed. However, increased panicle number per square meter following dense planting did not improve head rice yield. Panicle number per square meter was negatively associated with spikelet number per panicle and was not correlated with other yield components or head rice yield. Head rice yield was not correlated with head rice percentage but was closely and positively correlated with milled rice yield. Milled rice yield did not increase with grain filling percentage but increased with spikelet number per square meter. Spikelet number per square meter increased with both spikelet number per panicle and panicle number per square meter, although the former had a greater influence. Therefore, we conclude that head rice yield of the 'Haiami' cultivar grown in the mid-plain area of Korea is not improved with an increased panicle number following high planting density but it could be improved with high milled rice yield by increasing spikelet number per unit area.

북한 저온 지역의 기온과 일장 조건에서 벼 품종의 출수 반응

양운호,강신구,최종서,이대우,이석기,채미진,Yang, Woonho,Kang, Shingu,Choi, Jong-Seo,Lee, Dae-Woo,Lee, Seuk-ki,Chae, Mi-Jin 한국작물학회 2021 한국작물학회지 Vol.66 No.3

The heading response of rice varieties, originated from South Korea, North Korea, and northern China, was examined under the temperature and day-length conditions of 10 low-temperature regions in North Korea. When 30-day-old broadcast tray-raised seedlings (BS) were used, only one or a few varieties reached the heading stage within the safe marginal heading date (SMHD) under the Hamhung, Pyonggang, Huichon, and Kanggye conditions. In the Yangdok and Sinpo environments, no varieties reached heading until SMHD. The South Korean varieties that reached the heading stage between SMHD and late marginal heading date (LMHD) were Jinbuol, Baegilmi, Joun, Jopum, Jinok, Jopyeong, Sanhomi, and Odae for the Hamhung, Pyonggang, Huichon, and Kanggye; Joun for Sinpo; and none for Yangdok, Kimchaek, Sonbong, and Chunggang environments. The number of days to heading (DTH) was positively correlated among all 10 regions. Reduced DTH in the 30-day-old pot tray-raised seedlings (PS), compared to BS, was not consistent with varieties and regions. Reduced DTH in PS, compared to BS, was the largest in Jinok and Sonbong9 among the South and North Korean varieties, respectively, whereas it was small in the northern Chinese varieties. The South Korean varieties that headed until SMHD in PS were Jinok for the Hamhung, Pyonggang, Yangdok, Sinpo, and Kanggye environments; and Jinbuol, Jopum, and Jinok for the Huichon condition. In the Kimchaek and Chunggang conditions, Jinok reached the heading stage within LMHD. With the use of PS for some responsive varieties such as Jinok, varietal adaptability could be improved to the conditions of low-temperature regions in North Korea. None of the PS or BS among the tested varieties reached the heading stage until LMHD for the Chongjin and Sonbong conditions.

우리나라 고품질 벼 품종의 쌀 품질 특성에 미치는 등숙기 단계별 기온과 일조시간의 영향

양운호,최경진,손지영,강신구,신성휴,심강보,김준환,정한용,장정희,정정수,이채영,윤여태,권석주,안규남,신종희,배성문 한국작물학회 2015 한국작물학회지 Vol.60 No.3

Relationship between grain quality-related traits and daily mean temperature/sunshine hours during grain filling stage was analyzed using eleven high quality rice varieties at 24 experimental sites through eight provinces of Korea in 2013~2014. In the data set pooled across varieties, experimental sites and years, grain quality-related traits such as percentage of head rice (PHR), head rice yield (HRY), protein in milled rice (PRO) and Toyo Mido Meter glossiness value (TGV) were higher at the temperature lower than 22.6℃ for 40 days after flowering (DAF), which was optimum for percentage of grain filling in this study. Optimum sunshine hours for 40 DAF were 6.0~6.1 hr d -1 when considered PHR, HRY and TGV. PRO was associated with daily mean temperature and sunshine hours for 40 DAF in more varieties than the other traits. PRO was closely correlated with daily mean temperature during early filling stage and sunshine hours during early to mid filling stage, compared to other stages during grain filling. It is concluded that general trend in the variation of grain quality-related traits could be explained by the changes in daily mean temperature and sunshine hours during grain filling. In addition, climate conditions during early grain filling stage played important roles to enhance grain quality. Keywords : grain filling, grain quality, rice, sunshine hours, temperature 벼 등숙기간 및 등숙기 기간별 기온과 일조시간이 쌀 품질 특성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 전국 8개도 24개지역에서 고품질 벼 11품종을 이용하여 2013-2014년에 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 품종, 지역 및 연차별 시험성적을 모두 합하였을 때, 출수기, 출수 후 40일간 평균기온 및 일조시간의 범위는 각각 7월 23일~9월 4일, 18.8~26.4℃, 3.9~8.0시간/ 일이었다. 2. 성적을 모두 합하였을 때, 특성별 범위는 등숙비율74.2~97.9%, 현미 천립중 19.6~26.1 g, 완전미 비율61.4~98.5%, 완전미 수량 276~701 kg/10a, 쌀 단백질4.8~8.3%, Toyo Mido Meter 값 66.1~91.5였다. 3. 완전미 비율, 완전미 수량, 쌀 단백질 및 Toyo Mido Meter 값은 출수 후 40일간의 등숙 최적온도인 22.6℃ 보다 낮은 온도에서 높아졌으며, 쌀 외관품위와 밥맛을 고려한 출수 후 40일간의 최적 일조시간은 6.0~6.1 시간/일로 평가되었다. 4. 쌀 단백질은 출수 후 40일간의 평균기온 및 일조시간과 유의한 관계를 보인 품종이 전체 11품종 중 각각 8 개와 9개로, 다른 특성에 비해 많았다. 5. 쌀 단백질은 등숙 초기의 평균기온 및 등숙 초․중기의일조시간에, 완전미 비율은 등숙 초기의 평균기온 및일조시간에 상대적으로 더 큰 영향을 받았다.

고위도 지역 재배 벼 품종의 수량 향상을 위한 등숙적온 분석

양운호,강신구,최종서,박정화,김숙진 한국작물학회 2020 한국작물학회지 Vol.65 No.3

A field test and a phytotron study were performed over two years to examine whether rice varieties originated from higher altitude areas have lower optimum grain filling temperatures for yield improvement than the varieties from South Korea. Three varieties originated from North Korea and three varieties from northern China were compared to the same number of varieties from South Korea. In a field study, the optimum grain filling temperatures over 40 days after heading were 22.6 – 23.0°C, 21.5 – 22.3°C, and 21.5 – 23.6°C for the varieties from North Korea, northern China, and South Korea, respectively, resulting in no significant difference among varietal groups. Meanwhile, the heading dates of the early maturing varieties from North Korea and China were 7 - 12 days earlier than that of the early maturing Odae variety from South Korea during the first transplant of 2017. The phytotron study, in which different temperature regimes were imposed from flowering/fertilization to harvest with constant daily mean temperatures, revealed that milled rice weight did not decrease under low temperatures, even at 16°C, compared to that at 22°C. At the fourth transplant in the field study, mean temperature lower than 10°C appeared before rice grains were fully developed, resulting in yield reductions. It was concluded that rice varieties adaptable to high-altitude areas do not have lower optimum grain filling temperatures but, instead, possess shorter growth durations. It was further suggested that the optimum grain filling temperature of rice observed under natural conditions could be attributed to the lowering temperature at the late filling stage under temperate climatic conditions. 우리나라보다 고위도 저온 지역인 북한과 중국 동북3성에서 재배되는 자포니카 벼 품종의 등숙적온이 더 낮은지를 밝히기 위하여, 국립식량과학원 중부작물부(수원) 벼 재배시험 포장과 인공기상실에서 등숙기간 중 기온을 조절하여 2년간 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 포장시험에서 백미중 향상을 위한 출수 후 40일간 등숙적온은 북한 품종에서 22.6~23.0°C, 중국 동북3성 품종에서 21.5~22.3°C로, 남한 품종의 21.5~23.6°C에 비해낮지 않았다. 2. 2017년 1차 이앙에서 북한 품종 중 길주1과 중국 재배품종은 남한의 오대 대비 출수기가 7~12일 빨랐다. 3. 인공기상실에서 개화 수정 후 수확기까지 동일한 온도조건으로 평균기온을 16~22°C로 처리하여 검토한 결과, 남한 품종 중 삼광과 북한 품종 중 평양21을 제외한 7품종에서 백미중은 처리간 유의한 차이가 없어 평균기온16°C까지 잠재 등숙성이 유지되었다. 4. 포장시험에서 품종별 상관식에 출수 후 40일간 평균기온 16, 18, 20, 22°C를 대입하여 분석한 백미중 지수는인공기상실 시험과 다르게 22°C보다 기온이 낮아짐에따라 급격하게 저하되었다. 5. 대부분의 품종에서 수확기경에 평균기온 10~16°C 사이가 유지된 조건에서 백미중이 가장 높았고, 16°C보다 높거나 10°C보다 낮아지는 조건에서는 수량이 저하되었다. 6. 종합적으로 우리나라보다 고위도 저온지역에서 적응하는 벼 품종의 특성은 낮은 등숙적온이 아니라 짧은 생육기간이며, 포장 조건에서 나타나는 벼의 등숙적온은 온대기후 특성상 등숙후기에 기온이 저하되는데 원인이있는 것으로 해석되었다.

Weed Occurrence, Rice Growth, and Soil Temperature as Affected by Different Biodegradable Mulching Materials in Wet Seeded Rice

양운호,김제규,JaeHyunKim,JeongJuShin 한국작물학회 2003 한국작물학회지 Vol.48 No.1

In spite water direct seeding cultivation of rice has advantages in terms of laborsaving and cost-down, it demonstrates uneven seedling establishment and difficult weed management. To select an applicable mat for mulching system of water seeded rice, weed occurrence, growth and yield performances of rice, and soil temperature were evaluated in several kinds of biodegradable mulching material. Field studies were conducted at the experimental farm of National Crop Experiment Station in 1999 and 2000. Among the mats tested in 1999, Safer-mat had the greatest effect on inhibiting weed occurrence and Lawn-mat demonstrated the least efficacy of weed control (EWC) value. In Safer-mat treatment, Ludwigia prostrata was the dominant weed species but Echinochloa crus-galli was not observed. Different kinds of mulching material from the mats studied in 1999 were tested in 2000. Biodegradable polyester (PES) coated on the recycled paper for newspaper press (RP) treatments showed similar or higher EWC values than non-mulched broadcast seed rice with 2 times of herbicide application (BC-herbicide) and Safer-mat that was the most effective mat on preventing weed appearance in 1999. Immediately after mat mulching on the surface of paddy soil, five pregerminated rice seeds were manually sown in each 3㎝-hole formerly punctured at 30×14 ㎝ spacing in 2000. All the 3 kinds of mulching material tested in 2000 had better seedling stand than BC-herbicide treatment. Rice yield in PES coated with 10 thickness on RP (PES10 ㎛+RP) was a little higher than in BC-herbicide treatment but the former produced less panicles in unit land area than the latter. PES10 ㎛+RP demonstrated a great effect on raising soil surface temperature than non-mulching treatment throughout the period of seedling establishment.