단편동구:아르고선

안나,제거스,안동준 북한연구소 1973 北韓 Vol.- No.22

Effects of Concentrated Freshwater Discharge on Hydrography and Mesozooplankton Community in a Dammed Estuary

안나,김영희,이상우,최근형 한국해양과학기술원 2021 Ocean science journal Vol.56 No.1

This study examines the different effects of high and low freshwater discharge on the water physical structure of the water column and plankton community in a tide-dominated eutrophic estuary, the upper reach of which has been dammed. Water with a low amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) rose to the surface in 2017, which was most likely due to tidal reflection. The surface DO level is also highly affected by the concentration of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), which may increase the DO through photosynthesis. However, this effect seems to be minimal given the degree of stratification, and the freshwater appears to remain in the bay for less than 10 days according the progression in this macrotidal region. Following a freshwater discharge in 2012, there was an influx of ammonium into the bay, followed by an increase in Chl-a and mesozooplankton biomass. When the flow was lower in 2017, there were no cladocerans. Instead, a small copepod (Oithona similis) increased exponentially toward late August, potentially taking advantage of the empty niche and rapidly multiplied during the relatively low freshwater discharge. The low oxygen did not affect the mesozooplankton, which may have been due to the relatively high DO level in the bottom waters in both years.

미세기포 액화산소가 가두리양식장의 수온 및 산소농도에 미치는 영향

안나,이정규,이준석,최근형 한국수산해양기술학회 2020 수산해양기술연구 Vol.56 No.4

Mass mortality of mariculture fish due to high summer temperatures is a major issue in the mariculture industry in many coastal waters of Korea, yet measures to mitigate the impact are generally limited. We injected a micro-bubble of liquefied oxygen into the bottom of rockfish cages (about 6-8 m deep) in order to maximize the dispersal of micro-bubbled seawater and reduce fish mortality. The injection of low-temperature oxygen in micro-bubbles lowered the water temperature at the injection area by as much as 1℃ and increased dissolved oxygen concentration by 0.5 ppm. In early August, following a week with persistent high water temperature (above 28.5℃), there was an increase in fish mortality despite the micro-bubble system, which resulted in approximately 7% death of the total introduced fish population. However, this mortality appeared to be much lower than mortality reported in a neighboring mariculture facility (approximately 50% mortality). We also estimated the volume that can be recirculated with pumped seawater using a micro-bubble system. We suggest that this approach of injecting liquefied oxygen through a micro-bubble system may reduce fish mortality during high temperature periods. 여름철의 고수온으로 인한 양식 어류의 대량 폐사는 우리 나라 많은 연안 해역의 양식산업에서 주요한 문제이다. 하지만 그 피해를 줄이기 위한 대책은 일반적으로 제한적이다. 이 연구에서는 어류 사망률을 줄이기 위해 서해 안면도 대야리에 위치한 조피볼락 가두리 양식장 안 ~ 6m 깊이에 액화 산소를 미세 기포 주입기를 사용하여 주입하였다. 그 결과 저온 액화산소의 마이크로 버블 주입은 최대 주입 영역의 수온이 0.5-1 ℃까지 낮아지고 용존 산소 농도는 최대 0.3-0.5 ppm 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 8 월 상순에 1 주일 이상 계속되는 높은 수온 (> 28.5 ℃) 후에 어류 사망률이 급격히 증가하는 것이 관찰되었으며, 이로 인해 이 가두리 양식장 어류 개체군의 약 7 %가 사망했다. 그러나 이 사망률은 이웃 한 양식시설에서 보고된 대략 50 %의 사망률 보다는 훨씬 낮았다. 마이크로 버블 시스템에 의해 펌핑된 해수로 재순환 될 수 있는 해수의 순환부피도 예측하였다. 마이크로 버블 시스템을 통해 액화 된 산소를 주입하는 이러한 접근법이 고수온 기간 동안 물고기의 사망률을 감소시킬 수 있는 가능성이 있는 것으로 판단된다.

교회 안 노동자도 ‘노동자’ 이다

안나 우리신학연구소 2013 갈라진 시대의 기쁜소식 Vol.1044 No.-

Ethics in animal research: a focus on animal procurement and the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee

안나,박재학,노상호 대한치주과학회 2022 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.52 No.1

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중국기업의 애자일 문화인식이 직무성과에 미치는 영향: 개인역량 조절효과를 중심으로

안나,최수형,강희경 한국디지털정책학회 2019 디지털융복합연구 Vol.17 No.3

The purpose of this study is to verify the effect of perceived agile culture(empowerment, continuous learning, personal communication Intensification) on job performance(task, contextual, adaptive) and to explore the moderating effect of individual capability(knowledge, skill). For the empirical analysis, data were collected from convenient sample of 219 employees working at enterprise in China. The analysis of validity and reliability of variables and regression analysis were performed using SPSS 21. The results of this research as followed: firstly, the positive perceived agile culture and job performance were statistically supported. Secondly, the individual capability played as a partial moderator on the relationship between the perceived agile culture and the job performance. The factors that constitute the perceived agile culture can present the research directions for the transformation into the agile organization. 본 연구에서는 애자일 문화인식(임파워먼트, 지속적 학습, 개인 커뮤니케이션 강화)이 직무성과(과업, 맥락, 적응)에 미치는 영향 및 개인역량(지식, 기술)의 조절효과를 이론적으로 검토한 후 중국기업의 종업원을 대상으로 실증연구를 진행하였다. 실증분석을 위해 중국기업에 종사하는 종업원 219명의 데이터를 사용하였으며 SPSS 21을 사용하여 변수의 타당성 및 신뢰성 분석, 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 애자일 문화 인식은 직무성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 개인역량은 애자일 문화 인식과 직무성과 간의 관계에서 부분적인 조절역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과를 통해 직무성과에 영향을 미치는 애자일 문화인식과 개인역량의 세부적인 역할을 이해할 수 있고 애자일 문화인식을 구성하는 요인들이 기업들이 애자일 조직으로 변환하는데 연구방향을 제시할 수 있다.

Improvement plans on the operation of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee: focusing on the case of Seoul National University

안나,박재학,임정준,노상호 한국실험동물학회 2022 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.38 No.3

Background: The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) became compulsory in 2008 by the Animal Protection Act in Korea. Seoul National University (SNU), which conducts 5% of Korea’s total animal protocol reviews and uses 10% of national laboratory animal usage, has been influential in the review of animal protocols and management of animal facilities. This study was undertaken to suggest the operational improvement of the IACUC. It focused on the case of SNU. Results: The methodological framework consists of a qualitative approach. In particular, this study is focused on the grounded theory approach and sixty people were surveyed through purposeful sampling. Through this study, we found that various practical educations are necessary such as: (1) education for researchers on how to write a protocol, (2) standardization of screening criteria for various animal experiments by presenting various cases, (3) training on a detailed understanding of relevant laws and policies. In particular, an integrated management system, making it possible to share information among the related committees, would be essential for smoother operation of the IACUC. Conclusions: If various levels of education and the integrated management system are established, it will be possible to enhance the excellence of researchers and to better manage the operation of the IACUC.

Use of laboratory animals and issues regarding the procurement of animals for research in Korea

안나,박재학,노상호 한국실험동물학회 2023 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.39 No.2

Background: Laboratory animals remain critical to biomedical research, despite the increasing availability of alternative approaches. Indeed, scientists strive to reduce and refine and replace the use of laboratory animals, even in the face of public calls for ever-more stringent regulation for the protection and care of animals in research. This report outlines the current status and legal regulatory issues with regard to the procurement and use of animals for research in Korea. Results: The number of animals used for education and research purposes was increased nationwide, from 2.5 to 4.9 million in 2015 and 2021, respectively. When compared with figures from the UK, institutions in Korea were found to use more mammals such as mice and dogs. In our research, we identified three major issues concerning recent animal supply in Korea, particularly: (1) Purchase of dogs from unregistered animal supplier for a dog cloning project; (2) Purchase of dogs from an unclear source for veterinary education and training; (3) Illegal cat experiments using cats obtained from unauthorized routes. Conclusions: Our findings support the notion that alternatives to laboratory animal research should be implemented. We conclude that improvements in the regulations and guidelines for animal suppliers, together with the recent introduction of legislation will improve animal safety and wellbeing of animals in laboratory research in Korea.

호텔산업의 프랜차이징과 재무성과의 관계에 대한 브랜드 다각화의 조절효과

안나,윤유나,강경호 한국호텔외식관광경영학회 2019 호텔경영학연구 Vol.28 No.1

Over the last two decades, the number of franchising companies in the hospitality industry has rapidly increased. A franchising strategy is one of the key strategies for expanding the company, creating a competitive advantage. Hotel companies have the characteristic of brand diversification that operates multiple brands at the same time. However, research on the effect of franchising strategy on firm performance in the hotel industry has been sparse and in this process, there is no prior research on the moderate effect of brand diversification. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between degree of franchising and firm performance in the US lodging industry. In order to more comprehensively investigate the effect of degree of franchising on firm performance, this study employs the degree of brand diversification as a moderator. The sample period spans from 1993-2018 to comprehensively include all publicly traded firms filing their 10-Ks in the Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval system (EDGAR). For estimation methods, according to results of the Hausman test, this study employs the fixed effects estimation for examining the effect of degree of franchising and the random effects estimation for examining the moderating effect of degree of brand diversification on the relationship between degree of franchising and firm performance. As a result, there is no significant correlation between the degree of franchise and firm performance. Brand diversity has a statistically significant and positive effect on firm performance. Brand diversification has a statistically significant and positive effect on the relationship between degree of franchising and firm performance. Based on these results, it can be concluded that hotel executives should combine their franchising strategy and brand diversification strategy appropriately to improve business performance and sustainable competitive advantage. 지난 20년간 환대산업에서 프랜차이징 기업의 수는 급속한 속도로 대폭 증가하였다. 프랜차이징전략은 기업 확장의 중요한 전략 중 하나로 기업의 확장을 통해 경쟁우위를 창출한다. 이때 다른 환대기업들과 달리 호텔기업들은 보편적으로 동시에 여러 브랜드를 운영하는 브랜드 다각화의 특성을가지고 있다. 하지만 아직까지 호텔산업에서 프랜차이징 전략이 재무성과에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구가 미미하고 또 그 과정에 브랜드 다각화가 가지는 조절효과에 관한 연구는 진행되지 않았다. 이에본 연구는 EDGAR 시스템의 10-K(연간보고서)를 통해 미국 상장호텔들의 2차 데이터를 수집하여 호텔기업의 프랜차이징 전략과 재무성과간의 관계를 파악하고 브랜드 다각화의 조절효과를 검증하였다. 연구에 적용 된 데이터는 년도와 기업요소가 적용된 패널 데이터로서 하우스만 테스트(Hausman Test)를 통해 고정효과모델 및 랜덤효과모델을 통해 회귀분석을 진행하였다. 그 결과 첫 번째, 프랜차이즈 정도와 재무성과 사이에 유의한 상관관계가 존재하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 두 번째, 브랜드다각화 정도는 재무성과에 통계적으로 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 세 번째, 브랜드 다각화는 프랜차이즈 정도와 재무성과간의 관계에서 통계적으로 유의한 정(+)의 조절효과를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 브랜드 다각화 정도가 높을수록 프랜차이즈 정도가 호텔기업의 재무성과에 미치는 영향이 확대된다. 이는 브랜드 다각화와 프랜차이징 전략의 시너지 효과로 판단된다. 따라서 호텔기업 경영자들은 두 가지 전략을 적절하게 결합하여 실행하여야만 기업성과를 향상시키고 지속 가능한 경쟁우위를 창출할 수 있을 것이다.

Impact of Digital Technology on the Art Museum Industry's Business Model

안나조우,진기쉬,최명철,링운첸,김한얼 국제문화기술진흥원 2022 International Journal of Advanced Culture Technolo Vol.10 No.2

Digital technology has now pervaded and become an inseparable part of our daily life. The art museum sector is evolving into a business model that adapts to the new digital format due to the requirement for survival and development. This study examines the development state of China's art museum industry and investigates the current business model innovation trend in the art museum industry from three perspectives: reorganization and development of the art museum industry's business model theory; reconstruction of the art museum industry's display and marketing logic; and innovation of the art museum industry's operation mechanism, based on a systematic assessment of domestic and international research. This research can provide reference value for digital technology to drive the innovation of business model in art museum industry. Moreover, the study has important reference significance for the development strategy of art museum industry.