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안광국,An, Kwang-Guk 한국하천호수학회 2000 생태와 환경 Vol.33 No.4
본 연구는 1993${\sim}$1994년 대청호 17개 조사지점에서 점오염원 및 계절적 유입수에 대한 무기질소원의 다변적 동태에 대하여 평가하였다. 연구기간 동안 총질소(TN)는 평균 1.53 mg/L으로, $0.70{\sim}2.56\;mg/L$ 범위에 있었다. 용존 무기질소(DIN)는 계절 및 조사지점에 관계없이 총질소의 90%이상을 차지하여 질소가 풍부한 부영양-과영양 상태의 호수임이 확인되었다. 용존 무기질소의 $67{\sim}94%$는 질산성-질소인 반면, 암모니아성-질소는 용존 무기질소의 5%이하로 구성되었다. 1993년 장마동안 질산성-질소는 빗물과 호수물의 혼합의 결과로서 상류역에서 희석된 반면, 암모니아성-질소는 장마 전에 비해 100%이상 증가를 보였다. 암모니아성-질소는 강우량과 정 상관관계(r=0.85; p<0.001)를 보였고, 수 체류시간(r = -0.90; p<0.001) 및 전기전도도 (r = -0.78, p<0.001)와는 역 상관관계를 보였다. 이런 결과에 따르면, 암모니아성-질소는 장마기에 호수 외부로부터 유입되었음을 제시한다. 연구기간 2년 모두 평균 총질소는 호수내 상류 및 하류에서보다 가두리 양식장 및 폐수 처리장이 위치한 중류역에서 높았다. 중류역에서 이런 특성은 유입량이 적은 1994년하절기 동안 점 오염원에서 축적된 오염부하 증가의 결과로서 가장 심화되었다. 본 인공호에서 총질소 분포는 호수내 상${\cdot}$하류역 사이에 큰 차이를 보이지 않았고, 유입량 보다는 점오염원에 의해 직접적으로 결정되는 것으로 사료된다. This paper evaluated the influence of point source and flow events on inorganic nitrogen fractions at 17 sites of Taechung Reservoir during 1993${\sim}$1994. Total nitrogen (TN) averaged 1.53 mg/L during the study and ranged between 0.70 and 2.56 mg/L. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) accounted for >90% of TN regardless of season and location, indicating a nitrogen-rich system showing eutrophic${\sim}$hypereutrophic conditions. Some 67${\sim}$94% of DIN was NO$_{3}$-N, whereas mean level of NH$_{4}$-N was less than 5% of DIN. During monsoon 1993, dilution of NO$_{3}$-N was evident in the headwaters as a result of mixing of lake water with rain water, while NH$_{4}$-N increased>100% compared to the premonsoon. Values of NH$_{4}$-N had a positive correlation with rainfall (r=0.85; p<0.001) and negative correlations with theoretical water residence time(r=-0.90; p<0.001) and conductivity(r=-0.78, p<0.001), respectively. These outcomes suggest that NH$_{4}$-N came from external input from the watershed during the monsoon. In both years, mean TN was greater in the mid-lake sites than any other sites. A great amount of TN in the mid-lake was most pronounced in monsoon 1994 because of an accumulated influence of the point sources during low inflow. Overall data suggest that concentrations of TN in this system did not show large differences along the longitudinal gradients and its distributions is likely determined by point-sources rather than inflow regime.
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대형 인공댐호이 효율적 수질 감시를 위한 적정 조사 빈도 설정 연구
안광국,홍욱희,최신석 ( Kwang Guk An,Wuk Hee Hong,Shin Suk Choi ) 한국하천호수학회 1995 생태와 환경 Vol.28 No.3
In water quality monitoring practices, frequent water sampling would promise data accuracy but may not be so cost effective. However, less frequent sampling would fail to provide accurate data which represents the exact quality of the water body. Hence, determining appropriate sampling frequencies will be enormously important in terms of data accuracy and cost saving, particularly when the sampled water bodies are of great importance as major water resources . In this study, such determination of sampling frequencies was carried out for the Lake Taechung. Total 13 water quality parameters sampled and analyzed every 2 to 3 days for a year were compared with the data sampled less frequently; once every 7 to 10 days, twice a month, and once a month. While general water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen, pH, and turbidity were dynamically fluctuated throughout the year, the parameters related to the trophic state such as Secchi depths, total suspended solids, nutrients, and chlorophyll-a showed more distinctive fluctuations during the algal growth season. The effects of summer monsoon were remarkable in most water quality parameters. Based on these findings, it was suggested that during the algal growth season, June to September, at least weekly samplings should be carried out for VSS, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and chlorophyll-a. Nitrate- and ammonia-N, dissolved phosphorus, NVSS and other parameters may be measured twice a month during this season. During non-algal growth seasons, from October to May of the next year, bimonthly samplings were suggested for such parameters as total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and chlorophyll-a Monthly samplings would suffice for all other parameters.
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보분: 폐광산 지역의 유출수에 대한 이?화학적 수질특성 및 Enclosure 어류 노출시험 평가
안광국 ( Kwang Guk An ),배대열 ( Dae Yeul Bae ),한정호 ( Jeong Ho Han ) 한국하천호수학회 2012 생태와 환경 Vol.45 No.2
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the physico-chemical water quality, trophic and tolerance guilds in the control (Co) and impacted streams of the abandoned mine, along with the ecological health, using a multimetric health model and physical habitat conditions of Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI), during the period of three years, 2005~2007. Also, eco-toxicity (EEt) enclosure tests were conducted to examine the toxic effects on the outflows from the mine wastewater, using the sentinel species of Rhynchocypris oxycephalus, and we compared the biological responses of the control (Co) and treatment (T) to the effluents through a Necropybased Health Assessment Index (Nb-HAI). Tissue impact analysis of the spleen, kidney, gill, liver, eyes, and fins were conducted in the controlled enclosure experiments (10 individuals). According to the comparisons of the control (Co) vs. the treatment (T) in physicochemical water quality, outflows from the abandoned mine resulted in low pH of 3.2, strong acid wastewater, high ionic concentrations, based on an electrical conductivity, and high total dissolved solid (TDS). Physical habitat assessments, based on Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI) did not show any statistical differences (p¤0.05) in the sampling sites, whereas, the Mm-EH model values in a multimetric ecological health (Mm-EH) model of the Index of Biological Integrity (IBI), using fish assemblages, were 16~20 (fair condition) in the control and all zero (0, poor condition) in the impacted sites of mine wastewater. In addition, in enclosure eco-toxicity (EEt) tests, the model values of Nb-HAI ranged between 0 and 3 in the controls during the three years, indicating an excellent~good condition (Ex~G), and were ¤100 (range: 100~137) in the impacted sites, which indicates a poor condition (P). Under the circumstances, organ tissues, such as the liver, kidney, and gills were largely impaired, so that efficient water quality managements are required in the outflow area of the abandoned mine watershed.
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국내 강과 하천에서 이화학적 수질과 생태적 건강성 분석
안광국 ( Kwang-guk An ),( Md. Mamun ),유해찬 ( Haechan Yoo ) 한국환경생태학회 2016 한국환경생태학회 학술대회지 Vol.2016 No.2
The objectives of this study were twofold: to analyze seasonal variation in nutrients and sestonic chlorophyll (CHL-a) in Asian lotic ecosystems, and to evaluate multi- trophic level ecological stream health (ESH) in relation to stream morphology, land-use patterns, and water chemistry. We conducted physical, chemical, and biological surveys at 72 national streams and rivers, and at 65 reference streams. Water chemistry data indicated that ambient nutrient (N, P) levels were closely associated with land-use patterns and stream elevation, and that these, in turn, influenced both community structures of fish and stream health in general. In the watershed, total phosphorus (TP) was a key determinant of sestonic CHL-a, and the mass ratio TN:TP was determined by phosphorus (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.63, p < 0.01) rather than nitrogen (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.01, p > 0.05). Proportions of tolerant and omnivorous fish increased with nutrient enrichment and organic matter pollution, while proportions of sensitive and insectivorous fish decreased. Lotic ecosystem health, based on a multi-metric approach (MF-IBI model), was clearly demonstrated by a multivariate analysis (PCA); important factors were watershed characteristics (land-use patterns), nutrient levels (N, P), organic matter (BOD, COD) regimes, and biological components (trophic and tolerance guilds).
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