Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Pre-pandemic H5N1 Vaccine (MG1109) in Mouse and Ferret Models

송민석,문호진,권혁일,Philippe Noriel Q. Pascua,이준한,백윤희,우규진,최주희,이상호,유현승,오인경,윤엽,노종복,성문희,홍승표,김철중,최영기 한국미생물학회 2012 The journal of microbiology Vol.50 No.3

The threat of a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus causing the next pandemic remains a major concern. In this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity and efficacy of an inactivated whole-virus H5N1 pre-pandemic vaccine (MG1109) formulated by Green Cross Co., Ltd containing the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of the clade 1 A/Vietnam/1194/04 virus in the backbone of A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (RgVietNam/04xPR8/34). Administration of the MG1109 vaccine (2-doses) in mice and ferrets elicited high HI and SN titers in a dose-dependent manner against the homologous (RgVietNam/04xPR8/34) and various heterologous H5N1 strai(RgKor/W149/06xPR8/34,RgCambodia/ 04xPR8/34,RgGuangxi/05xPR8/34), including a heterosubtypic H5N2 (A/Aquatic bird/orea/W81/05) virus. However, efficient cross-reactivity was not observed against heterosubtypic H9N2 (A/Ck/Korea/H0802/08) and H1N1 (PR/8/34) viruses. Mice immunized with 1.9 μg HA/dose of MG1109 were completely protected from lethal challenge with heterologous wild-type HPAI H5N1 A/EM/Korea/W149/06 (clade 2.2) and mouse-adapted H5N2 viruses. Furthermore, ferrets administered at least 3.8 μg HA/dose efficiently suppressed virus growth in the upper respiratory tract and lungs. Vaccinated mice and ferrets also demonstrated attenuation of clinical disease signs and limited virus spread to other organs. Thus, this vaccine provided immunogenic responses in mouse and ferret models even against challenge with heterologous HPAI H5N1 and H5N2 viruses. Since the specific strain of HPAI H5N1 virus that would potentially cause the next outbreak is unknown, pre-pandemic vaccine preparation that could provide crossprotection against various H5 strains could be a useful approach in the selection of promising candidate vaccines in the future.

國內企業의 對北韓 役資에 관한 硏究

宋珉錫 건국대학교 1995 대학원 학술논문집 Vol.41 No.-

The purpose of this study is to explain the present conditions and problems of the investment in North Korea of Domestic firms, and further explore the activationary plan of the investment in North Korea Domestic firms. Reflecting on the thirty years which have passed since Korea was divided, it is clear that since 1953 the economy of the two Koreas has undergone may changes under their two different social and economic systems, and that the two economies will continue to follow different courses in the future. North Korea has acted a passive attitude toward the foreign trade, because she has pursued the autarchic economic development policy on the basis of the socialistic economic system as yet. Therefore, she has congnized that it is impossible to develop the economy by the principle of the self-revival what is to say a self-support national economy and the closed trade system which has been excuted in the countries centering on the Communistic Area. So she had to change to the foreign trade system as the open system by transforming the autarchic system they hierto adhered to. This brief overview of recent developments attempts to compare various economic indicators and thus show how rapidly the Congress. This remains a principal government policy down to the present day. Judging from these circumstances as mentioned above, it can be suggested that the economy of North Korea holds certain structural defects which will eventually bring aboutq a transformation from the presently closed society to an open one. Any dramatic changes in the basic policy guidelines which have been followed to date, however, would mean the abandonment of the fundamental ideology and the political posture which supports the present system. As a result, it seems probable that the 1990s will be a period of expand bilateral partnership in the areas of economy between South and North Korea.

구조보존규칙으로서의 영어 비음동화:[η]에 대한 해결책

宋旼錫 관동대학교 1995 關大論文集 Vol.23 No.2

The velar nasal [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ in English. This fact is evidenced by distributional restrictions. That is, [ŋ] always appears before /g/ or /k/, while /m/ and /n/ occur freely. But in the theory of Lexical Phonology, the English Nasal Assimilation which derives the velar nasal [ŋ] must be a phonological rule which applies in the lexicon. For this rule must precede the morphological process suffixing '-er', as shown in the examples of "sing" and "singer" ("singer" is pronounced as [siŋ( )r], not as [siŋg( )r]). On the other hand, a lexical rule must be structure-preserving in the sense that if a feature is not distinctive in any context it may not play any role in the lexical phonology(Kiparsky, 1984). With regard to this principle of Structure Preservation, the above nasal assimilation has a problem because this process is not structure-preserving but must be lexical. To solve this problem, Borowsky(1986) says that the above nasal assimilation is applied at level 2 and that the principle of Structure Preservation turns off at level 2. This is an ad hoc solution. If this solution is accepted, the word of "concord" must be derived at level 2 while the words of "combine" and "concern" are derived at level 1 (independently motivated). This paper tries to solve this problem in the standpoint of the feature geometry theory. In the feature geometry, the process of spreading to an underspecified target is interpreted as structure-preserving. And the above nasal assimilation is a process of spreading to an underspecified target because the place feature of the phoneme /n/ is underspecified in the underlying representation. In the result, the English nasal assimilation is a structure-preserving process and can apply freely in the lexicon. As another desirable result, we can say that all lexical phonology is structure-preserving.

점막하 자궁근종으로 오인된 탈락막 원주의 자연배출 1예

송민석,김승룡,김성희,유창준,이정환,조출현,이정한 대한산부인과학회 2008 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.94 No.-

한국어 연속음성에서의 조사 및 어미 인식에 관한 연구

송민석,이기영 한국음성과학회 1999 음성과학 Vol.6 No.1

This study proposes a method of recognizing postpositions and suffixes in Korean spoken language, using prosodic information. We detect grammatical boundaries automatically at first, by using prosodic information of the accentual phrase, and then we recognize grammatical function words by backward-tracking from the boundaries. The experiment employs 300 sentential speech data of 10 men's and 5 women's voice spoken in standard Korean, in which 1080 accentual phrases and II postpositions and suffixes are included. The result shows the recognition rate of postpositions in two cases. In one case in which only correctly detected boundaries are included, the recognition rate is 97.5%, and in the other case in which all detected boundaries are included, the recognition rate is 74.8%. Keywords: accentual phrase, backward-tracking, continuous speech

AI 기반 패션 추천 서비스 개발 : 삼성물산 산학연구 소개

송민석 대한산업공학회 2021 ie 매거진 Vol.28 No.1

Balancing MPEG Transcoding with Storage in Multiple-Quality Video-on-Demand Services

송민석,심정섭,Jaedoo Go,Bumsun Lee,박수준 한국전자통신연구원 2009 ETRI Journal Vol.31 No.3

To match the requirements of heterogeneous mobile devices, video objects may be transcoded, which requires considerable CPU resources. Alternatively, multiple versions of the same video may be stored on servers, but this requires a lot of disk space. We formulate the trade-off between the versions that are stored on disk and the need for transcoding. We propose an optimal solution to this formulation based on dynamic programming. Experiments show that our scheme allows up to 68% more clients to be admitted than conventional schemes when a reasonable amount of storage is available.

Exploratory evaluation of the role of cardiac troponin on the clinical outcome of patients visiting emergency department with or without chronic kidney disease

송민석,강은진,김태림,박종은,이건탁,윤희,황성연,차원철,신태건,심민섭,조익준,최진호 대한응급의학회 2022 대한응급의학회지 Vol.32 No.6

Objective: Elevated levels of cardiac troponin in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients admitted to the emergency department (ED) is not well understood and is often ignored. This study aimed to investigate the impact of cardiac troponin I (TnI) levels on the clinical outcome of patients visiting the ED with or without CKD. Methods: In this retrospective single-center cohort study, we enrolled patients visiting the ED without a diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). Elevated cardiac TnI was defined as being ≥99th percentile of the normal population (Siemens ADVIA Centaur TnI-Ultra≥0.040 ng/mL). The clinical outcomes of patients with CKD stage≤2 and CKD stage ≥3 were compared. The primary endpoint was the 180-day all-cause death, including cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular deaths. Results: Among a total of 30,472 patients (median age, 61 years; male sex, 54.3%), elevated TnI was found in 4,377 patients (14.4%). There were 3,634 deaths (11.9%) including 584 cardiovascular (1.9%) and 3,050 non-cardiovascular deaths (10.0%). The risk of all-cause death increased in patients with elevated TnI in both CKD stage≤2 (hazard ratio [HR], 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9-2.3) and CKD stage≥3 (HR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.4-1.7), and so did the risks of cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular death (HR, 1.2-4.7) (P<0.05, all). The association of elevated TnI with death risk was consistent in multivariate analyses and in most clinical subgroup analyses. Conclusion: Elevated TnI was associated with higher 180-day mortality irrespective of renal function among patients visiting the ED without documented CAD. CKD patients visiting the ED with elevated TnI may warrant additional evaluation or careful follow-up even without the presence of CAD.

Inositol 5'-phosphatase, SHIP1 interacts with phospholipase C-γ1 and modulates EGF-induced PLC activity

송민석,김명종,하상훈,박종배,류성호,서판길 생화학분자생물학회 2005 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.37 No.3

Phospholipase C-γ1, containing two SH2 and one SH3 domains which participate in the interaction between signaling molecules, plays a significant role in the growth factor-induced signal transduction. However, the role of the SH domains in the growth factor-induced PLC-γ1 regulation is unclear. By peptide-mass fingerprinting analysis, we have identified SHIP1 as the binding protein for the SH3 domain of PLC-γ1. SHIP1 was co-immunoprecipitated with PLC-γ1 and potentiated EGF-induced PLC-γ1 activation. However, inositol 5'-phosphatase activity of SHIP1 was not required for the potentiation of EGF-induced PLC-γ1 activation. Taken together, these results suggest that SHIP1 may function as an adaptor protein which can potentiate EGF-induced PLC-γ1 activation without regards to its inositol 5'-phosphatase activity.

Water-soluble binder system with controlled mechanical and rheological properties

송민석,박민수,김진곤 한국고분자학회 2004 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.29 No.2