RAMS+를 이용한 하천에서 오염물질의 2차원 체류시간 분포 모델링

김준성,서일원,신재현,정성현,윤세훈,Kim, Jun Song,Seo, Il Won,Shin, Jaehyun,Jung, Sung Hyun,Yun, Se Hun 한국수자원학회 2021 한국수자원학회논문집 Vol.54 No.7

With the recent industrial development, accidental pollution in riverine environments has frequently occurred. It is thus necessary to simulate pollutant transport and dispersion using water quality models for predicting pollutant residence times. In this study, we conducted a field experiment in a meandering reach of the Sum River, South Korea, to validate the field applicability and prediction accuracy of RAMS+ (River Analysis and Modeling System+), which is a two-dimensional (2D) stream flow/water quality analysis program. As a result of the simulation, the flow analysis model HDM-2Di and the water quality analysis model CTM-2D-TX accurately simulated the 2D flow characteristics, and transport and mixing behaviors of the pollutant tracer, respectively. In particular, CTM-2D-TX adequately reproduced the elongation of the pollutant cloud, caused by the storage effect associated with local low-velocity zones. Furthermore, the transport model effectively simulated the secondary flow-driven lateral mixing at the meander bend via 2D dispersion coefficients. We calculated the residence time for the critical concentration, and it was elucidated that the calculated residence times are spatially heterogeneous, even in the channel-width direction. The findings of this study suggest that the 2D water quality model could be the accidental pollution analysis tool more efficient and accurate than one-dimensional models, which cannot produce the 2D information such as the 2D residence time distribution.

Calcium sulfate와 혈소판 유래성장인자의 혼합사용이 치주인대세포에 미치는 영향

김준성,최성호,유윤정,채중규,김종관,조규성,Kim, Jun-Seong,Choi, Seong-Ho,Yu, Yun-Jung,Chai, Jung-Kiu,Kim, Chong-Kwan,Cho, Kyoo-Sung 대한치주과학회 1997 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.27 No.4

It was well known that calcium sulfate was biocompatible, resorbed rapidly in the body, had potential as a good barrier membrane. Platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF) was one of polypeptide growth factor that had been reported as a biological mediator which regulates activities of wound healing process including the cell proliferation, migration and metabolism. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a combination of calcium sulfate and PDGF on periodontal ligament cells in vitro to use as a regeneration promoting agent of periodontal tissue. Human periodontal ligament cells were prepared from the premolar tooth extracted for the orthodontic treatment. Cells were cultured in ${\alpha}-MEM$ contained with 20% FBS, at the $37^{\circ}C$, 100% of humidity, 5% $Co_2$ incubator. Cells were inoculated and cultured into 96 well culture plate with $1{\times}10^4cells/well$ of ${\alpha}-MEM$ for 1 day. After discarding the medium, those cells were cultured in ${\alpha}-MEM$ contained with 10% FBS alone(control group), in calcium sulfate(calcium sulfate group), in calcium sulfate treated with 15ng/ml of PDGF-BB(calcium sulfate+PDGF group), in ${\alpha}-MEM$ contained with 10% FBS treated with 15ng/ml of PDGF-BB(PDGF group) for 1, 2, 3 day respectively. And then each group was characterized by examining of the cell counting, MTT assay, collagen synthesis. The results were as follows. 1. In the analysis of cell proliferation by cell counting, both calcium sulfate group and calcium sulfate plus PDGF group showed no stastically significant difference compared to control group, but there was stastically significant difference between PDGF group and calcium sulfate group at 1, 2 day(P<0.05). 2. In the analysis of cell proliferation by MTT assay in calcium sulfate extracts, both calcium sulfate group and calcium sulfate plus PDGF group showed no stastically significant difference compared to control group, but there was stastically significant difference between PDGF group and calcium sulfate group at 2, 3 day, and between calcium sulfate plus PDGF group and calcium sulfate group at 2 day(P<O.05). 3. In the analysis of cell proliferation by MTT assay in transwell, both control group and PDGF group showed stastically significant difference compared to both calcium sulfate group and calcium sulfate plus PDGF group at 1 day, but there was no stastically significant difference compared to both calcium sulfate group and calcium sulfate plus PDGF group at 2, 3 day(P(0.05). 4. In the analysis of collagen synthesis by immunoblotting assay in calcium sulfate extracts, high level was detected on calcium sulfate group at 3 day, on calcium sulfate plus PDGF group at 1 day, on PDGF group at 2 day. On the basis of these results, calcium sulfate was biocompatible on the periodontal ligament cells and might have potential possibility as a vehicle of PDGF in the periodontal tissue regeneration.

청소년에서 컴퓨터 작업의 종류와 작업 시간이 눈깜박임 횟수와 안구건조에 미치는 영향

김준성,조경준,송종석.Jun Sung Kim. M.D.. Kyung Jun Cho. M.D.. Jong-Suk Song. M.D. 대한안과학회 2007 대한안과학회지 Vol.48 No.11

Purpose: To evaluate the change in blink rate in adolescents according to the type and duration of computer tasks and to analyze the risk of ocular dryness using an ocular protection index. Methods: Fifteen male high school students played computer games and viewed Internet lectures for 20 minutes each. Blink rate was measured by USB camera, and ocular protection index (OPI, the ratio of BUT to inter-blink interval) was calculated for each subject during the two tasks. In addition, 7 of the 15 subjects played computer games again for 40 minutes on another day, and the change in blink rate according to the duration of computer games was observed. Results: The average blink rate was 5.44±3.29 per minute (median 5, range 2-12.75) while playing computer games and 20.63±11.21 per minute (median 18.25, range 4.93-42.2) while viewing Internet lectures, and this difference was statistically significant (p=0.001). The percentage of subjects with OPI values less than 1 was 53% for computer games and 13% for Internet lectures (p=0.025). While playing computer games for 40 minutes, the mean of total blinks during ten-minute intervals decreased over time: 59.43 times (median 57) during the first 10 minutes, 33.86 times (median 41) during the last 10 minutes. Conclusions: The blink rate in adolescents was significantly lower and the risk of ocular dryness was higher while playing computer games compared with that of viewing internet lectures. As playing time increased, the blink rate decreased and risk of ocular dryness increased.

염소 및 오존소독시 정수처리공정별 소독부산물 발생 변화

김준성 ( Jun Sung Kim ),최용욱 ( Yong Wook Choi ),정용 ( Yong Chung ) 한국물환경학회 2005 한국물환경학회지 Vol.21 No.6

부정청탁금지법의 문제점과 개선방안

김준성 ( Kim Jun-sung ) 영남대학교 법학연구소 2017 영남법학 Vol.0 No.44

지난해 9월 28일자로 발효된 부정청탁금지법(약칭)은 현재 그 입법취지에 따라 엄격하게 시행되고 있는 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 사회적 분위기는 동법의 시행에 따른 경제적 위축과 경기침체 등의 문제로 그 효용성 여부에 대하여 침묵으로서 우려를 하고 있다. 특히 학계에서는 동법의 입법과정에서 공직자의 이해충돌방지 규정이 삭제된 부분에 대하여 유감(遺憾)과 그 적용대상의 범위에 대하여 찬반(贊反)을 명확하게 견지하고 있는 듯하다. 이러한 측면에서 필자는 동법의 문제점을 검토한 후 입법적 관점에서 그 취지에 부합하는 개선방안을 다음과 같이 제안하고자 한다. 첫째, 동법의 입법취지를 고려한다면 동법 제12조의2 규정을 신설하여 공직자등의 이해충돌방지 규정을 추가적으로 입법하는 것이 타당하다고 생각된다. 둘째, 동법의 적용과정에서 해석상 논란을 방지하기 위하여 동법 제1조의2규정을 신설하여 부정청탁의 개념을 명확하게 정의(定義)하여 입법할 필요가 있다. 셋째, 동법 제5조 제2항 제7호에 규정되어 있는 부정청탁이 허용되는 예외사유로서 최종적인 판단기준이 되는 `사회상규`의 개념을 법체계상 관련성 있는 내용으로 대체하는 방안이 타당하다고 생각된다. 넷째, 동법 제8조에서 규제의 대상으로 공직자등의 친족의 범위를 배우자, 6촌 이내의 혈족, 4촌 이내의 인척으로 확대하여 적용하는 방안이 입법취지에 부합한다고 볼 수 있다. 이러한 취지에서 동법 제8조 제2항의 직무관련성 여부의 규정은 삭제되는 것이 타당하며, 또한 동법 제2조의 공직자의 적용대상에서 공공성이 강한 금융, 의료 등의 민간영역까지 확대하여 적용하는 것이 타당하다고 생각된다. 다섯째, 동법 제10조와 관련하여 동법 시행령 제25조(별표 2)의 외부강의 등 사례금 상한액을 다소 상향조정할 필요가 있으며, 이와 같은 취지에서 동법 시행령 제17조(별표 1)의 사교ㆍ의례 등 목적으로 제공되는 음식물ㆍ선물ㆍ경조 사비 등의 가액범위는 과태료 부과의 기준으로서 적정선을 초과하지 않는 범위내에서 일률적으로 동일하게 부과하는 방안이 타당하다고 생각된다. 여섯째, 동법 제23조의 과태료 부과는 관할경찰서를 경유하여 담당 검사가 부과처분하는 것이 타당하며 검사의 과태료 부과처분에 이의신청이 있는 경우에 한하여 검사는 당해사건을 관할법원으로 이송하여 관할법원에서 과태료 재판을 진행하는 방안이 합리적이라고 생각된다. 아울러 동법 제24조의 양벌규정에서 동법 제22조 제1항 제3호와 제23조 제5항 제3호의 경우에 금품 등의 제공자가 공직자등인 경우는 제외되어야 할 특별한 사유가 없다고 본다. 따라서 현행 부정청탁금지법은 필자가 제시하는 바와 같이 그 입법취지에 부합하는 법체계상의 정비가 최대한 빨리 이루어져야 강력한 반부패법(反腐敗法)으로서 실효성이 극대화될 수 있을 것이다. The anti-solicitation act effectuated from September, 28 last year is thought to be being implemented strictly according to the purpose of legislation now. But social atmosphere shows to be silently depressed about the utility due to the economic contraction and recession etc. Especially academia looks unfortunate about the conflict of interest code of public official deleted in the lawmaking process of the same law and looks like keeping pro and con distinctly about its application scope. This author, seeking the problems of the anti-solicitation act, suggests the improvements adequate to the purpose in the law of legislation as follows. First, considered the legislation purpose of the same law, it is reasonable to legislate by newly adding the conflict of interest rule of public official and the like as the second of the twelfth in the same law. Second, to prevent the interpretational difficulty in the applicable process of the same law, it is necessary to legislate in terms of defining the conception of improper solicitation distinctly by newly establishing the second of the first in the same law. Third, as socially accepted rules, the exceptions stipulated in the item 7, para. 2 of the art. 5 in the same law and allowed improper solicitation, is the final judgemental standard, they are thought to proper to be substituted the contents related to the law system. Fourth, it is thought to be rational to apply to expand the scope of relative of public official etc. regulated in the eighth of the same law as objects of regulation to spouse, blood relatives within second cousin, relatives by marriage within cousin. In furtherance of this idea, it is thought to be proper to delete the rules of duty relations in the second of the eighth of the anti-solicitation act and valid to apply to expand applicable object of public officials etc. to the quasi-public private sector of financial workers, medial workers, and the like. Fifth, the reward maximum price of the outside lecture etc. in the twenty fifth of the enforcement ordinance related to the same law is necessary to be adjusted in a lump, and in this purpose the price limit of the expense of the food and drink, gift, and congratulations and condolences etc. given for the purpose of social intercourse, rite, and the like in the seventeenth of the enforcement ordinance of the same law is thought to be valid to charge in a lump and in kind within the range that doesn`t exceed the optimum level as the standard charging a fine. Sixth, charging a fine according to the same law is rational for the prosecutor to charge through the district police station, and in the case of raising of an objection about the disposition of the imposition of fine for negligence by the prosecutor, the competent court notified by the prosecutor is thought to be resonable to proceed the trial of the fine. In addition, in the case of the dual liability of art. 24, the item 3, para. 1 of art. 22 and the item 3 of para. 5 of art. 23 in the same law, the providers of money and valuables are considered not to have a special reason to be excepted even in the case of public official. Accordingly, seen in this position, the anti-solicitation act should only make the arrangement of the law system adequate to the purpose of legislation as a matter of urgency and its effectiveness will be maximized as a powerful anti-corruption act.

스테레오 비전 센서와 레이다 센서 융합을 이용한 표적 탐지

김준성(Jun-Seong Kim),박완희(Wan-Hui Park),윤평화(Pyoung-Hwa Yoon),김병성(Byung-Sung Kim),송림(Reem Song) 한국전자파학회 2020 한국전자파학회논문지 Vol.31 No.11

지능형 운전자 보조 시스템(Advanced Driver Assistance System: ADAS)이 광범위하게 도입되면서 스테레오 카메라를 이용한 물체 감지 및 거리 측정이 필수가 되고 있다. 하지만 스테레오 카메라는 물체와의 거리가 멀어질수록 측정 거리오차가 커지는 문제가 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 77 ㎓ 단일채널 FMCW(Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave) 레이다와 비전 센서의 융합시스템을 개발하고, 카메라로 얻은 거리정보를 레이다로 보완하는 표적 매칭 알고리즘을 제안한다. 아울러 역으로 이용하여 영상 데이터를 이용, 단일채널 레이다로는 얻을 수 없는 도래 각 정보를 획득할 수 있음을 보였다. 실험을 통하여 본 시스템과 알고리즘의 타당성을 입증하였다. Stereo cameras have been widely employed for object and range detection in vehicular advanced driver assistance systems. However, camera sensors generally suffer from a lack of accuracy in terms of range detection when targets are further away from the sensors. In this study we present a fusion system composed of a 77 GHz frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar and a stereo camera, in which range information obtained by the camera is corrected by the radar data, a technique named target matching algorithm. Alternatively, the radar fed by the vision data can be equipped with the direction of arrival information that is not feasible with a single-channel FMCW radar. The measurement shows that the proposed technique is valid and effective.

KEPCO 에너지자립형 스마트빌딩 구축 시범사업을 통한 한전의 역할

김준성(Jun-Sung Kim) 대한전기학회 2020 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2020 No.11

별건구속의 필요성과 적법성의 판단기준

김준성(Kim, Jun Sung) 한국법학회 2019 법학연구 Vol.74 No.-

별건구속은 형사실무에서 수사기관이 피의자를 구속하여 수사할 필요성이 있지만, 당해 피의자를 구속할 만한 충분한 증거를 확보하지 못한 경우에 구속요건을 충족하는 다른 사건을 이유로 법원으로부터 구속영장을 발부받아 피의자를 구속하는 경우를 말한다. 이러한 별건구속은 수사의 신속성과 효율성의 측면에서 매우 유용한 수사기법이기도 하다. 그러나 통설은 구속요건이 충족되지 아니하는 본건구속을 위한 사전절차로서 별건구속을 이용하기 때문에 종국적으로 영장주의에 위배되므로 허용할 수 없다는 입장이다. 이러한 통설과 달리 판례는 별건구속에 대하여 간접적으로 허용하는 분위기이며, 판례의 입장을 지지하는 극소수설은 실무의 입장을 반영하는 견해로서 별건이든 본건이든 구속요건을 충족하는 경우라면 적법절차에 위배되지 않는 것이기 때문에 그에 따른 법원의 영장발부는 정당한 것으로 볼 수 있다는 것이다. 왜냐하면 법원은 검사가 피의자에 대한 구속영장을 청구할 때 구속요건의 존부와 구속영장 실질심사를 엄격하게 진행하기 때문에 현실적으로 우려하는 위법한 별건구속의 집행은 기대하기가 매우 어렵기 때문이다. 그리고 별건구속으로 영장을 발부받아 본건수사를 진행하는 경우라 하더라도 범죄의 중대성과 범죄예방의 차원에서 여죄수사의 형식으로 진행된다면 그 별건구속에 대하여 위법하다고 할 수가 없다. 따라서 구속요건이 엄격하게 충족되는 별건구속은 별건기준으로 볼 때 형사소송의 지도이념에 부합하기 때문에 허용되는 것이 타당하며, 수사실무에서 실질적으로 별건구속과 구별이 어려운 여죄수사도 수사의 필요성과 상당성을 충족하는 것을 전제로 하기에 전면적으로 허용되는 것이 타당하다. A pretextual detention refers to the case in which an arrest warrant is issued by the court for another case that meets the requirements of arrest, in case the investigation agency fails to secure sufficient evidence to detain the suspect, even though it has a need to detain the suspect in criminal practice. This pretextual detention is also a very useful method of investigation in terms of speed and efficiency of investigation. However, the general opinion is that it is not acceptable because it is ultimately against warrantism because it uses a pretextual detention as a preliminary procedure for the detention of the case that does not meet the requirements of imprisonment. Contrary to this general opinion, the precedent is an atmosphere that indirectly permits a pretextual detention. The very few theory that supports the case is that the courts issuance of a warrant can be deemed legitimate because, from the perspective of the practice areas, it would not violate the legal process if the conditions for the case are met. This is because the court strictly reviews the existence of the requirements for detention when a prosecutor requests an arrest warrant for a suspect. In reality, it is very difficult to expect the execution of illegal a pretextual detention. And even if a warrant for a pretextual detention is issued for investigation of the case, it would not be illegal for the pretextual arrest if the case is carried out in the form of investigation of other crimes to prevent the crime. Therefore, it is reasonable to permit a pretextual detention where the requirements of imprisonment are strictly met because it conforms to the guiding principle of criminal suit on a separate basis. In addition, it is reasonable that investigations of other crimes, which is difficult to distinguish from a pretextual detention in investigation practice, is allowed to be fully accepted because it meets the necessity and the significance of the investigation.

형법상 존속살해죄에 있어서 효(孝)사상의 적용문제

김준성 ( Jun Sung Kim ) 연세대학교 법학연구원 2011 法學硏究 Vol.21 No.4

April 18th 2011, The Special Committee of the Amendment of Criminal Code presented a view that Clause 250, Article 2 of Criminal Law Parricide- should be abolished according to the ground that Clause 250, Article 2 of Criminal Law -Parricide- has gone against Clause 11 of Constitution -Equal Rights. The Minister of Justice deferred their decision because there have been increasing controversy and resist to the resolution of the Committee, especially from people of all ranks and classes such as The Confucians. For this reason, in this article, I raised a question of whether maintaining parricide code is reasonable or not, which was viewed in the light of protective function of criminal law, through reviewing previous arguments about the purpose of legislating parricide and the question of continuing or abolishing it. In general, proponents who are in favor of abolishing parricide predicate of the ground as follows. First, lots of countries such as Germany and Japan have already abolished parricide code. Second, additional punishment about parricide could be against the Constitution because it is kind of discrimination or distinction of birth or social status. Third, one who committed parricide could be indicted, charged or punished by the code of murder, and there is no parallel between recent lineal or collateral crime and the crime of depravity. Last, if we apply ethical standards which is based on showing one`s respect and Hyo(The Thought of Filial Piety) to the criminal law, we can make ethical area and legal area obscure enough to be confused. On those arguments, in the view of the criminal law, I shed new light that it is necessary to consider the basic purpose of legislating parricide code and to protect our traditional thought of Law and social ethical value of behaviour. That is, as previously stated, I made the construction of new theory about parricide, and I came to a conclusion that Hyo(The Thought of Filial Piety) which has been deeply rooted in the minds of people has a moral code of the criminal law, which can maximize the validity of criminal law. Above all, since punishment has a symbolic meaning in itself, it is necessary that we have to have an argument that all the members of community can feel sympathetic about the crime of a lineal or collateral crime, including parricide. In conclusion, I insist that the current code of parricide should be kept as it has been. It is not the problem of maintenance or abolition but the problem of how the code could be interpreted and how the code could be applied to some particular cases. I think, therefore, it could be reasonable enough to apply Hyo(The Thought of Filial Piety) to the criminal law.

AI범죄에 대한 형법의 적용문제 -정범배후의 정범의 관점에서-

김준성(Kim, Jun Sung) 한국법학회 2021 법학연구 Vol.81 No.-

이제 우리사회는 제4차 산업혁명을 바탕으로 하는 AI(인공지능)시대에 진입하고 있다. AI시대는 인간에 의하여 창조된 AI가 사회생활 전반에 걸쳐 인간의 업무를 대체하거나 수행하는 사회이다. 이러한 AI시대는 인간과 AI로 양분되는 사회구조가 될 수도 있겠지만, 인간의 피조물에 불과한 AI는 인간생활의 보조적 도구로써 활용되는 시대라고 할 수 있다. 사실 AI는 인간의 지능과 유사한 능력을 갖춘 문명의 이기(利器)에 해당하지만, 그 만큼 인류사회에 위험한 물건이 될 수도 있다. 물론 AI는 인간에 의하여 설정된 알고리즘에 따라 인간생활에 순기능을 제공할 것이다. 그러나 경우에 따라서 AI는 인간에 의하여 범죄도구로 활용되거나, AI에 내재된 알고리즘의 오류 및 오작동 등으로 AI 자체에 의한 범죄발생의 위험성도 상존(常存)하는 피조물이라고 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 AI시대를 대비하여 AI범죄에 대한 합리적인 형법의 적용방안을 제시하고자 AI의 개념과 AI범죄의 개념, 그리고 AI범죄의 유형과 구조에 대하여 검토를 하였다. 그 결과 AI를 이용하여 범죄를 실행하는 경우 또는 AI가 역으로 인간을 범죄의 도구로 활용하는 가상의 경우를 대비하여 형법의 적용과정에서 예외적으로 AI를 인간에 준하는 특수한 도구로 치환하여 형사처벌을 고려하는 것이 합당하다고 생각된다. 이에 따라 형법 제34조 제1항에 배후정범을 입법하게 되면 AI시대에 인간의 개입여부에 따른 AI 그 자체에 의한 범죄와 AI와 관련된 인간의 범죄를 합리적으로 규율할 수 있을 것이다. 아울러 우리사회는 후속세대들을 위하여 사전에 AI범죄를 예방할 수 있는 기술적 예방체계도 함께 구축하여야 할 것이다. Our society is now advancing into an AI(Artificial Intelligence) era based on the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The AI era refers to a society in which AI created by people performs the tasks of people across all spans of social life. Such an AI era may create a social structure divided into humans and AI but it can also be considered an era in which AI, which is simply a human creation, can be utilized as a supplementary tool. In fact, as AI is a convenience that possesses abilities similar to human intelligence, this may cause it to be a danger to human society. Of course, AI will provide positive functions to human life according to algorithms established by humans. However, in some cases, AI may be used as a criminal tool by humans or is a creation that holds ever-present risks of crime occurrences due to algorithm errors and malfunctions inherent in AI. Thus, this study examined the concepts of AI, the concepts of AI crimes, and the types and structures of AI crimes to present application plans for rational criminal laws regarding AI crimes to prepare for an AI era. Resultingly, it seems reasonable to consider criminal punishment by replacing AI with a special tool equivalent to humans as an exception in the application process of criminal law to prepare for hypothetical cases in which AI is used to commit crimes or when AI uses humans as a tool for crime. Accordingly, if Behind the Principal Offender(Täter hinter dem Täter) is legislated upon article 34 paragraph 1 of the Criminal Code, crimes committed by AI following human intervention in an AI era and human crimes related to AI can be reasonably regulated. In addition, our society should also establish a technical prevention system to prevent AI crimes in advance for subsequent generations.