한국근대소설과 부산의 시·공간성

김승환(Seung Hwan Kim) 한국현대소설학회 2012 현대소설연구 Vol.- No.49

The Times in Mildawon, a modern Korean short story, written by Donglee Kim in 1955, is a multi-text which has two story layers. First is the external text of Busan and second is the internal text of Munchong(文總). The narrator describes Busan as an alienated object with a long distance. Because of this reason, his descriptive stance is not a subject viewpoint ``now-and-here``, but is an object viewpoint ``then-and-there``. As said by Chatman, there are orders and layers in the story: Author - Implied Author - Narrator - Narratee - Implied reader - Reader. During the story description, the author, Kim, places himself outside of the text and gets an objective viewpoint. There are four relationships between writers: Author - Implied Author, Implied Author - Narrator, Narrator - Narrative Contents(story) - Inside Narrative Content - Narrative Content. The background, Busan, has been continuously marginalized as the story goes on. Kim gives an ordering: first, indirect narration - objectification of Busan; second, indirect narration - unfamilialization of Busan; third, indirect narration - symbolization of Busan; and fourth, indirect narration - alienation of Busan. This is a binary opposition inside Kim`s consciousness that is an invisible consciousness: Seoul centralization and Busan maginalization. It is originated from the theory of art for art`s sake. The Times in Mildawon has a strong anti-communism ideology which is backed by the ideology of pure literature.

<감자>에 나타난 정신사건과 물리사건의 인과관계

김승환 ( Kim Seung Hwan ) 현대문학이론학회 2019 現代文學理論硏究 Vol.0 No.79

이 논문은 <감자>의 핵심사건인 복녀살인사건을 정신사건과 물리사건으로 분석한 글이다. <감자>에는 복녀의 죽음이 명료하게 묘사되어 있지 않으며 그 때문에 정신사건인 원인(복녀의 원한)과 물리사건인 결과(복녀의 죽음) 사이의 인과관계가 맞지 않는다. 이 논문에서는 복녀살인사건의 인과관계 상치현상을 김재권(Jaegwon KIM)과 데이비슨(D. Davidson)의 사건이론(theory of event)으로 분석했다. 복녀살인사건은 ‘어떤 시간에[t] 복녀가 왕서방에 대하여[x] 원한을 품었다[P]’는 정신사건이자 복녀 자신이 죽는 물리사건이다. 현실의 물리사건과 달리 마음의 정신사건은 믿음, 의도, 욕망, 희망, 지각, 인식, 기억, 생각, 느낌, 감정, 결심, 각성 등이 구성한 사건이다. 소설의 정신사건은 소설텍스트에서 묘사된 허구적 사건이며 현실의 물리사건과 같은 조건[x, P, t]으로 구성된다. 따라서 소설의 정신사건을 단순한 상상으로 규정하기보다 이야기 전개의 필연적 요소로 보고, 플롯의 개연성을 보완하는 소설적 장치로 볼 필요가 있다. 그것은 물리사건만으로 복녀살인사건을 분석했을 때 생기는 여러 가지 불확실성과 불확정성을 없앨 수 있다는 뜻이다. 한편 미완의 텍스트는 창의적 독서의 주체인 독자가 완성한다. 이 과정에서 독자의 상상력이 작동하는데 이 역시 정신사건이다. 가령 ‘복녀는 왕서방에게 낫을 빼앗겼다.’로 묘사된 소설의 물리사건은 독자에게 ‘‘복녀는 왕서방에게 낫을 빼앗겼다.’고 믿는다.’로 바뀌면서 정신사건이 된다. 또한 ‘복녀는 왕서방의 낫에 찔려 죽었다.’와 같은 텍스트의 물리사건은 독자에게 ‘‘복녀는 왕서방의 낫에 찔려 죽었다.’고 믿는다.’로 바뀌면서 정신사건이 된다. 이 두 문장의 속성예화(exemplification)에서 보듯이 독자가 ‘믿는’ 독서행위 역시 일종의 정신사건이다. 이처럼 타르스키에 근거하여 대상언어(object language)와 메타언어(metalanguage)의 층위를 나눔으로써 김동인 특유의 생략과 비약이 낳은 텍스트를 완결된 이야기로 읽을 수 있다. 이처럼 소설텍스트에서도 정신사건이 존재하고 독자의 창의적 독서과정에서도 정신사건이 작용하며 작가의 창작과정에서도 정신사건이 작동한다. 물리사건과 정신사건의 이론적용은 <감자> 이외의 다른 작품에도 적용될 수 있다. This essay is to analyze kernel event of Gamza by mental event and physical event. Kernel event of Gamza is the death of Bokyne who was born with noble disposition but changed to bulger disposition according to the environment under the colony of Japanese Imperialism. In Gamza, death of Boknye has not described clearly. Climax of Gamza deviates on kernel event as in “Mr. Wang. Let you problem!” Boknye decides not to make a problem. It is anomalous causation. Actually, kernel event finished with a result of Boknye’s death. On the other hand, Boknye’s hatred[cause] - Boknye’s death[effect] is not matched. Moreover, mental event as a cause and physical event as an effect are not match well. Nobody doubt story line due to its natural story stream and organized possibility of cause and effect. We can classify as twofold; ‘①Bokyne desires to kill Mr. Wang.’, ‘②Bokyne killed Mr. Wang.’ In these structure, ①Bokyne desires to kill Mr. Wang.’ is mental event which could be or could not be happened in real world, ‘② Bokyne killed Mr. Wang.’ is physical event which could be happened in real world. The difference may be decided by synthetic predicate as;‘desires to kill’ and ‘killed.’ This synthetic difference results in the semantic difference. In event theory, mental event occurs in the human mind. Feature of mental event is not exist in real world and don’t have spatiotemporal location. Mental event in the possible world is event as well as in the actual world. Main theories of this essay based on the event theory by Jaegwon KIM and Donald Davidson. Death of Boknye consists of object[x], property[P] and time[t] as set [x, P, t]. It is twofold events; mental event and physical event. Unlike physical event, mental events are belief, purpose, perception, remember, decision, hope, recognition, thinking, feeling, awakening etc. Mental event must be read with relation to plot, causation and probability. If reader read with physical event, reader can’t get rid of uncertainty of story line. Mental event might be a good way to analyse Korean Modern short story. Mental event in Gamza is a fiction consisting of object(x), property(P), time(t) as well as in actual event. In this reason, mental event in short story is not only imagination, but necessary apparatus for plot, probability and story line. Within this theory, reader should read mental event with plot and story line. If reader read story with only physical event of Boknye’s death, reader can’t read chain of causation. There is uncertainty and unpredictability of who must be accused the killing. Reader, the subject of reading, may accomplish the text’s empty part written by writer. In the reading, reader’s imagination will work properly. As Tarski said, we can exemplify one event as object language and metalanguage. Metalanguage is language about original sentence as an event as follow; ‘Boknye was robbed of sickle by Wang’ could be rephrased as ‘Reader believes that ‘Boknye was robbed of sickle by Wang’’ It is property exemplification said by Jaegwon KIM. If we differentiate object language and metalanguage by Tarski Skema, we can read story completely. Imagination is mental event. As we see, mental event in short story is very important reading by reader, and mental event work in creative writing by writer.

가축분뇨 혐기 소화액 처리를 위한 막 증발과 역삼투 공정 성능 비교

김승환,조진우,Kim, Seunghwan,Cho, Jinwoo 대한상하수도학회 2020 상하수도학회지 Vol.34 No.4

In this study, a pilot-scale (3 ㎥/day) membrane distillation (MD) process was operated to treat digestate produced from anaerobic digestion of livestock wastewater. In order to evaluate the performance and energy cost of MD process, it was compared with the pilot scale (10 ㎥/day) reverse osmosis (RO) process, expected competitive process, under same feed condition. As results, MD process shows stable permeate flux (average 10.1 L/㎡/hr) until 150 hours, whereas permeate flux of RO process was decreased from 5.3 to 1.5 L/㎡/hr within 24 hours. In the case of removal of COD, TN, and TP, MD process shows a high removal rate (98.7, 93.7, and 99% respectively) stably until 150 hours. However, in the case of RO process, removal rate was decreased from 91.6 to 69.5% in COD and from 93.7 to 76.0% in TP during 100 hours of operation. Removal rate of TN in RO process was fluctuated in the range of 34.5-62.9% (average 44.6%) during the operation. As a result of energy cost analysis, MD process using waste heat for heating the feed shows 18% lower cost compare with RO process. Thus, overall efficiency of the MD process is higher then that of the RO process in terms of permeate flux, removal rate of salts, and operating cost (in the case of using waste heat) in treating the anaerobic digestate of livestock wastewater.

The Number of Endothelial Progenitor Cells is Decreased in Patients With Non-Dipper Hypertension

김승환,김남호,Yong Kwon Kim,Jong Hyun Yoo,Seong Nam Shin,고점석,Yun Kyeong Kim,이상재,윤경호,이은미,유남진,오석규,정진원 대한심장학회 2012 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.42 No.5

Background and Objectives: Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a key role in the maintenance of endothelial homeosta-sis and promote vascular repair. A reduced number of EPCs and the functional activity have been associated with several cardiovascular risk factors. However, the relationship between the number of EPCs and circadian rhythm of the blood pressure (BP) remains unclear. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between the circadian rhythm of the BP and EPCs in patients with essential hypertension. Subjects and Methods: A total of 45 patients with essential hypertension who were newly identified by outpatient BP measurements,underwent 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring. Among the 45 patients with essential hypertension, 20 were classified as dippers (12 men and 8 women; mean age 48±14 years) and 25 as non-dippers (14 men and 11 women; mean age 52±18 years). The EPC count was isolated from the peripheral bloodstream and quantified by flow cytometry. Results: The baseline clinical characteristics were similar between the dipper and non-dipper hypertensive patients. The circulating EPCs were statistically reduced in the non-dipper patients as compared to the dippers (104±60 vs. 66±47 EPCs per 106 mononuclear cells,p=0.027). The circulating EPC level correlated positively with the circadian changes in the systolic and diastolic BP (r=0.435, p=0.003, and r=0.310, p=0.038, respectively). Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that the EPC count was reduced in the peripheral bloodstream in non-dipper hypertensive patients.

위성 통신용 광대역 마이크로스트립-도파관 트랜지션 설계

김승환,임지수,최재훈,염인복,Seung-Hwan, Kim,Ji-Soo, Lim,Jae-Hoon, Choi,In-Bok, Yom 통신위성우주산업연구회 2001 Joint Conference on Satellite Communications Vol.2001 No.-

본 논문에서는 KU와 ka 대역에서 사용되는 광대역 마이크로스립-도파관 트랜지션을 설계하였다. 도파관 내로 급전되는 핀 끝에 원통 모양의 디스크나 다단 원통형 캡을 달아서 광대역 효과를 내도록 하였고 삽입손실을 줄이면서 광대역화 특성을 구현하기 위하여 이항 다단 정합 변환기를 사용하였다. 설계되어진 K3 대역의 트랜지션은 $S_11이 20dB 이하의 특성을 나타내는 대역폭이 5GHz 이상으로 광대역을 나타내었다. 원하는 주파수 대역(30.6~31GHz)에서는 $S_11이 -35dB이하를 유지하며, 삽입손실 또한 0.1dB이하로 낮았다. Ku 대역 트랜지션은 $S_11이 20dB 이하인 대역폭이 2.5GHz 정도이며, 원하는 주파수 대역(14~14.5GHz)에서는 29dB이하의 낮은 반사특성을 나타내었다. In this paper, broadband microstrip-to-waveguide transitions for Ka and Ku band are designed. To broaden the bandwidth, a disk-loaded pin or a pin with multistepped cylindrical cap probing in waveguide can be used in waveguide. In order to match the impedance and to maintain the wideband characteristics with low insertion loss, binominal multisection matching transformer is used between the microstrip and the waveguide section. The bandwidth of a designed Ka band transition is over 5GHz for $S_11 less than 20dB. In the frequency band between 30.6GHz and 31GHz, $S_11 below -35dB and the insertion loss is less than 0.1dB. The designed Ku band transition has bandwidth of about 2.5GHz for $S_11 less than -20dB. In the frequency band of 14.0 to 14.5GHz, $S_11 is maintained below -29dB

의료 IT 융합기술 동향

김승환,Kim, S.H. 한국전자통신연구원 2011 전자통신동향분석 Vol.26 No.6

최근 고령화가 사회적인 이슈로 떠오르고 있다. 노인 인구의 증가는 급격한 의료 서비스의 수요 증가를 초래하고 이로 인해 의료비용의 급증을 야기하고 있다. 또한, 평균 수명의 연장은 노인의 삶의 질 저하를 막기 위한 수단을 요구하고 있으며, 전문 의료진의 부족현상이 심화되고 있다. 이러한 문제들을 해결하기 위하여 최근 IT 기술이 의료 분야에 다양한 형태로 융합되고 있다. 의료기기에 IT가 융합되어 기존의 의료기기를 고도화하거나 새로운 형태의 의료기기를 만들어 내고 있으며, 유헬스와 같이 새로운 개념의 서비스가 등장하고, 병원의 정보화를 통해 효율화를 극대화하는 디지털병원, 대규모로 축적되는 의료정보의 효율적 활용을 추구하는 Health 2.0 등 혁신적인 의료 IT 융합기술들이 연구되고 있다. 본 고에서는 국내외에서 진행되고 있는 의료 IT 융합기술의 연구개발 동향에 대하여 알아보고, 한국전자통신연구원(ETRI)에서 연구하고 있는 내용을 소개한다.

주목해야 할 패키징 디자인 ④<마지막 회> - 깐깐한 소비자를 유혹하는 퍼스널 케어 패키지 디자인

김승환,Kim, Seung-Hwan (사)한국포장협회 2020 包裝界 Vol.331 No.-

전 세계인의 삶을 송두리째 바꾸어 놓은 코로나19로 인해 산업 전반에도 큰 변화가 예상된다. 특히 가처분 소득 감소와 소비 심리 수축으로 꼭 필요한 것에만 지갑을 여는 구매자들이 늘어날 것으로 전망된다. 과거보다 더욱 깐깐해진 구매자의 시선을 잡기 위해 가장 중요한 것 중 하나가 패키징 디자인이다. 사람에 대한 첫 인상이 3초 안에 결정되는 것처럼 좋은 패키징 디자인으로 구매자의 시선을 한번에 사로잡을 수 있기 때문이다. 포스트코로나시대를 맞아 국내 최대 디자이너 커뮤니티이자 산업 디자인 콘테스트 플랫폼인 '라우드소싱'과 함께 패키징 제조업체들이 주목해야 할 패키지 디자인에 대한 시리즈를 총 4회에 걸쳐 진행한다.

수중 음향통신에서 위상고정루프와 결합된 등화기의 성능분석

김승환,김인수,도대원,고석준,Kim, Seunghwan,Kim, In Soo,Do, Dae-Won,Ko, Seokjun 한국음향학회 2022 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.41 No.2

In this paper, the performance of joint equalizer and phase-locked loop in underwater communications is analyzed. In the channel where the Doppler frequency exists, it is difficult to recover the transmitted data only by the equalizer. To compensate for the Doppler frequency, the phase-locked loop is used. For removing the time-varying multipath and the Doppler frequency simultaneously, the equalizer and the phase-locked loop operate jointly. Also, if the initial Doppler frequency error obtained by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is compensated, the convergence speed of the joint equalizer and phase-locked loop can be improved. To verify the performance, lake and sea experiments were conducted. As a result, it was showed that the joint equalizer and phase-locked loop converges sufficiently in the preamble (known data) period regardless of whether the Doppler frequency is compensated or not. And, the bit error in random data period is not occurred. However, we can increase the convergence speed of the equalizer more than twice through the compensation of Doppler frequency.

독서교육 전담 사서직 양성의 문제점과 대안

김승환,Kim, Seung-Hwan 한국도서관협회 1994 圖協會報 Vol.35 No.6

독서교육과 현장지도

김승환,Kim, Seung-Hwan 한국도서관협회 1993 圖協會報 Vol.34 No.6