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김동준,김상훈,소금영,안태훈 대한마취통증의학회 2017 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.70 No.4
Background: Few studies have investigated the effectiveness of intravenous fluid warmers at low and moderate flow rates below 1,000 ml/h. In this study, we compared the effectiveness of three different fluid warmers at a low flow rate (440 ml/h). Methods: We experimentally investigated the fluid warming performances of Mega Acer KitⓇ (Group M, n = 10), RangerTM (Group R, n = 10), and ThermoSensⓇ (Group T, n = 10) at 440 ml/h for 60 min. All devices were set at a warming temperature of 41°C with preheating for 10 min. Intravenous fluids were then delivered through them. The fluid temperature (primary endpoint) was measured at 76 cm from the device after infusion for 60 min. The expected decrease in mean body temperature (secondary endpoint) after 5 h infusion for a 70 kg patient (ΔMBT5) was also calculated. Results: The fluid temperature (mean [95% CI]) at 76 cm from the device, 60 minutes after the infusion was higher in group M (36.01 [35.73–36.29]°C), compared to groups T (29.81 [29.38–30.24]°C) and R (29.12 [28.52–29.72]°C) (P < 0.001). The ΔMBT5 (mean [95% CI]) was significantly smaller in group M (−0.04 [−0.04 to −0.03]°C) than that in groups T (−0.27 [−0.28 to −0.29]°C; P < 0.001) and R (−0.30 [−0.32 to −0.27]°C; P < 0.001). However, none of the fluid warmers provided a constant normothermic temperature above 36.5°C. Conclusions: Mega Acer KitⓇ was more effective in warming the intravenous fluid with the smallest expected change in the mean body temperature, compared to RangerTM and ThermoSensⓇ, at a flow rate of 440 ml/h.
김동준 한국산업안전학회 1988 한국안전학회지 Vol.3 No.1
We live in the building which made of concreat. If a fire break out in the building on a sudden, the heated concreat structual of the building were become very weak and bad poor. In this study, it was investigated by test for thermal expansibility and compressive strength of the highly heated concreat. The experiment was carried out in the temperature range of 150-750℃. The obtained results are as follow. 1. The heated concreat has weaken in compressive strength from about at 300℃. 2. The concreat heated over 450℃ is not proper for structual material. 3. The concreat expanded remarkable when it was heated about at 450-600℃.
Heating performance analysis of the region control method for heat pump with thermal storage system
김동준,정왕식,장영수,강병하 대한기계학회 2017 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.31 No.11
A heat pump with thermal storage system comprises a heat pump and a thermal storage tank. Heat pumps store thermal energy in the thermal storage tank during the night; this then allows for the stored thermal energy and heat pump to meet the heating load demands during the day. This system contributes to the stabilization of the electric power supply and demand as well as makes it possible to realize the economic benefit of using inexpensive electric power during the night. Control strategies include the use of conventional control methods such as thermal storage priority and heat pump priority methods and region control methods. The region control method combines the advantages of both conventional methods. In this study, the system comprises a heat pump with a latent thermal storage tank. The heating load is that required for an office building and was calculated using the TRNSYS software. The power consumption and electricity cost were analyzed by conducting experiments according to the heating load size and each of the three control methods. The region control method was performed at the optimal operating ratio, which was the best in terms of electricity cost. It was noted that the utilization ratio of the thermal storage tank was also high. When comparing the region control method at 80 % design load with the thermal storage priority method, the heat pump coefficient of performance was higher and the power cost was lower by 5.7 %. However, the utilization ratio of thermal storage was higher than the heat pump priority method and the power cost was 5.2 % lower. Therefore, it is confirmed that the region control method is more effective than the conventional methods.