퇴직연금에서의 위험자산 선택요인 분석: 사업장 특성을 중심으로

최수정 한국금융정보학회 2023 금융정보연구 Vol.12 No.2

This study aims to examine whether the decisions of employers to invest in risky assets are related to workplace characteristics such as the number of employees, types of industries, and retirement pension types. The study utilizes individual-level data from Individual Retirement Pension Plan (IRP), Defined Contribution Plan (DC), and firm IRP accounts that are self-managed by employers in the workplace. However, individual DB balance cannot be identified because Defined Benefit Plan (DB) accounts are managed by the firm in aggregate. The data was obtained from the Korean Statistical Information Service (KOSIS) for the period 2015 to 2020 through the authorized Microdata Integrated Service (MDIS). Previous literature has documented a peer effect in investing in risky assets, which appears strongly among investors who earn relatively higher disposable incomes and among males. The study finds that employers who work in large-sized and well-compensated firms are more likely to invest in risky assets, particularly male employers who are older, have longer work period, and work in industries requiring a high level of financial literacy. This result indirectly supports the peer effect in choosing risky assets in their retirement pension plan for employers. Interestingly, the study also finds that DB holders are less likely to invest in risky assets through their IRP accounts than DC or firm IRP holders. However, once they start investing in risky assets, the proportion of risky assets relative to the total balance is higher than others. Overall, this study provides comprehensive insights into the determinants of investing in risky assets by employers, utilizing individual-level data and workplace information. 본 연구는 통계청에서 제공하는 승인형 퇴직연금 마이크로데이터(MDIS)를 분석하여 직장정보가 존재하는 개인 IRP 계좌 보유자를 대상으로 사업장 특성이 근로자들의 위험자산 선택과 관련이 있는지 살펴보았다. DB 적립금의 경우 가입자별 계좌 금액이 별도로 보고되지 않지만, DC, 기업형 IRP, 개인 IRP는 가입자별 계좌 잔액이 보고되어 개인 IRP 계좌 잔액만 분석한 최수정(2022)보다 좀 더 폭넓게 개인별 위험자산 투자현황 및 위험자산 선호 여부를 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 위험자산 금액은 계좌 총 잔액에서 원리금보장형 상품 잔액과 계좌 내 대기성자금을 제외한 원리금비보장(실적배당)형 상품 잔액으로 정의하였다. 개인의 위험자산 선택 여부는 동료의 위험자산 선택 여부에 크게 좌우되며, 이러한 동료효과(peer effect)는 성별 및 연령 요인과 함께 개인이 위험자산을 선택하는 주요한 요인일 수 있으므로 사업장 특성 분석을 통해 위험자산 선택에 있어서 동료효과의 존재를 간접적으로 검토하고자 했다. 기존 연구에 따르면, 가처분소득이 높은 남성들에게 동료효과가 강하게 나타나는데, 본 연구에서도 기업의 규모가 크고 평균소득이 높은 산업군에서 위험자산을 선택하는 경우가 많았고 보유금액도 높게 나타났다. 즉, 근속기간이 길수록, 근로자 연령이 높을수록, 사업장 규모가 클수록, 여성보다는 남성 근로자가 더 위험자산을 선택 및 많이 보유하였으며, 다른 퇴직연금 가입자들에 비해서 DB 가입자들의 경우 평균적으로 개인 IRP 계좌에서 위험자산에 투자하지 않거나 적게 보유했지만, 일단 위험자산을 1원 이상 보유한 경우 위험자산에 더 많이 투자하는 경향이 존재했다.

Ultrasonography for nerve compression syndromes of the upper extremity

최수정,안재홍,류대식,강채훈,Seung Mun Jung,박만수,신동락 대한초음파의학회 2015 ULTRASONOGRAPHY Vol.34 No.4

Nerve compression syndromes commonly involve the nerves in the upper extremity. Highresolutionultrasonography (US) can satisfactorily assess these nerves and may detect themorphological changes of the nerves. US can also reveal the causes of nerve compression whenstructural abnormalities or space-occupying lesions are present. The most common US finding ofcompression neuropathy is nerve swelling proximal to the compression site. This article reviewsthe normal anatomic location and US appearances of the median, ulnar, and radial nerves. Common nerve compression syndromes in the upper extremity and their US findings are also reviewed.

라이브커머스를 이용한 지역 특산제품의 판매 활성화 연구 – 소비자신뢰 구축을 중심으로

최수정,마일환 한국인터넷전자상거래학회 2023 인터넷전자상거래연구 Vol.23 No.6

The purpose of this study is to examine the building of consumer trust in live commerce which is a new form of electronic commerce combined with live streaming. Consumer trust in live commerce is divided into trust in live streaming platforms and trust in products. Moreover, this study suggests key factors affecting consumer trust on the basis of three dimensions of live commerce (i.e., the live streaming platform, influencer and contents). More specifically, the live streaming platform dimension consists of active control, two-way communication and synchronicity whereas the influencer dimension consists of expertise, attractiveness and trustworthiness. Besides, the dimension of contents is composed of entertainment, vividness and informativeness. Finally, we verify that those factors increase consumer trust, thereby enhancing purchase intentions. The partial least squares (PLS) analysis is conducted with a total of 310 responses collected on users with experience in live commerce. The main findings are as follows. Firstly, purchase intentions are increased by trust in live streaming platforms and trust in products. Secondly, the effect of trust transfer between two types is proved. Finally, with regard to key determinants of consumer trust, expertise and trustworthiness of influencers as well as entertainment and informativeness of live-streaming contents have turned out to be influential. However, variables of the live streaming platform have no significant effects on consumer trust.

English as an Instructional Medium in Korean Higher Education: Focusing on the Perspectives of Professors

최수정 한국영어어문교육학회 2012 영어어문교육 Vol.18 No.3

The study explores the way professors working in a private university in Korea perceive the recent English-medium instruction (EMI) frenzy in Korean higher education (HE) and the way they respond to its manifestation at their institution. Working within a qualitative research paradigm (Merriam, 2009), I gathered data primarily via one-time semi-structured interviews with ten participants who have offered or are offering EMI at the time of data collection and used a qualitative data analysis method. The findings illustrate that the professors view external factors residing outside individual universities, such as the college rankings and the university evaluation parameters, as the principal drive behind the current EMI boom in Korean tertiary education. Acknowledging the importance of strengthening the international competitive edge of Korean HE in the global era, the professors perceive the EMI policy positively expecting it to be beneficial for both students and institutions. They, however, problematize the blind acceptance of EMI policy and externally forced EMI expansion movement in Korean HE, which they believe will lower the standard of the academic experience of students. Experiencing first-hand the inadequate manifestation of the EMI policy at their university, the professors claim that a systematic long-term implementation plan and context-suitable approaches should be taken at both the national and institutional level for successful future EMI implementation and expansion efforts.

상법상 준법지원인제도에 관한 소고 - 주요 쟁점과 법제 개선방안 -

최수정 제주대학교 법과정책연구원 2017 法과 政策 Vol.23 No.3

This paper explores Compliance Guidelines and Compliance Officers as internal control systems in the Korea Commercial Act. In 2011, the Korea Commercial Act introduced internal control systems in listed companies determined by Presidential Decree. Under the Article 542-13, a listed company is required to establish compliance guidelines and to have one or one more compliance officers responsible for duties related to abiding by the compliance guidelines. There was a lot of controversy regarding the scope of the application, the total amount of KRW 500 billion, which is subject to the compliance guidelines and compliance officer system, at the time of revision of the Presidential Decree of the Commercial Act. Recent discussions on Compliance guidelines and compliance officers can be narrowed down to: (1) expanding companies subject to legal obligations; (2) improving the effectiveness of the compliance systems. It is a policy decision to decide where to set the standard for compulsory support system. However, in practice many listed companies with total assets of more than KW500 billion at the end of the last fiscal year, is not yet in line with the legal compliance system. The Commercial Act does not provide sanctions for cases where the obligations of the compliance system are not fulfilled. On the contrary, a fine of up to KRW 5 million shall be imposed if the obligation related to the appointment of directors or auditors has not been properly implemented pursuant to Article 635 (1) 8. Moreover, if a listed company does not fulfill the duties to appoint an outside director or audit committee, a fine of up to KRW 50 million will be imposed. Considering these, it is considered that it is possible in the legal system to introduce fines if the compliance duty is not properly implemented. However, there are some considerations to review for it. It is also necessary to introduce an incentive system in order to enhance the effectiveness of the compliance system. However, it is very important for courts to actively provide incentives for damages related to director’s duty of oversight. 상법상 준법지원인제도는 상장회사의 준법경영을 담보하기 위하여 2011년 상법개정을 통하여 도입되었으며, 2012년 4월부터 시행되고 있다. 상법상 준법지원인 도입과 관련하여 상법 시행령 개정 당시에도 준법지원인제도의 적용을 받는 자산총액 5천억원이라는 도입대상 적용범위 기준설정과 관련하여 많은 논란이 있었다. 준법지원인제도 관련 최근 논의는 ① 준법지원인 의무적 선임대상 기업의 확대, ② 준법지원인제도의 실효성 제고를 위한 인센티브 부여 및 준법지원인 선임의무를 위반한 경우 그 제재규정 신설로 압축될 수 있다. 준법지원인제도를 법이 강제하는 기준 범위를 어디로 정해야 할지는 정책적 판단이라고 할 수 있다. 현행 기준인 최근 사업연도 말 자산총액 규모 5천억원 이상 상장회사에서 조차 준법지원인제도가 제대로 착근되지 않는 현 시점에서 제도적용범위 확대를 아직은 시기 상조라고 생각된다. 현행 상법은 준법지원인제도 관련 의무를 이행하지 않는 경우에 대한 제재 규정을 두고 있지 않다. 현행 상법 제635조 제1항 제8호에 따라 이사 또는 감사 선임 관련 의무를 제대로 이행하지 아니한 경우는 5백만원 이하의 과태료 부과된다. 또한 소정의 상장회사가 사외이사 선임 또는 감사위원회 설치의무를 이해하지 아니한 경우 5천만원 이하의 과태료가 부과된다. 이러한 현행 상법의 태도를 고려할 때 준법지원인 관련 의무를 제대로 이행하지 아니하는 경우 과태료를 도입하는 것은 법 체제상 가능하다고 생각된다. 다만, 준법지원인제도 관련 의무 위반시 과태료를 도입할 경우 준법지원인은 상법상 기관성을 인정하기에는 법규정상 부족하고 또한 이사회가 내부통제체제의 궁극적 책임주체라는 점, 과연 준법지원인 관련 의무가 상장회사의 사외이사, 감사위원회 또는 비상장회사의 이사 또는 감사선임의무와 동일시 할 수 있는지, 다른 기관 선임의무 위반시 과태료와 비교할 때 형평성 있는 과태료 금액 산정 문제 등에 대한 검토가 선행되어야 할 것이다. 또한 준법지원인제도의 실효성 제고를 위하여 인센티브제도 도입을 분명히 필요하다. 다만, 현 시점에서 이사의 감시의무 관련 손해배상감면이라는 인센티브를 법원에서 적극 활용하는 것도 매우 중요하다.

Leveraging Accumulated Customer Knowledge in Electronic Knowledge Repositories for Superior Customer Service

최수정,유일 한국경영정보학회 2015 Asia Pacific Journal of Information Systems Vol.25 No.3

Customers are now demanding ever better service from customer service representatives (CSRs) to create superior customer service. Accordingly, CSRs are required to have more specialized knowledge and abilities of customer service. This study examines the roles of accumulated customer knowledge in electronic knowledge repositories (EKRs), which a firm has developed for customer service over time to enhance CSRs’ work capabilities and work performance, in the context of call centers. To test the proposed research model and hypotheses, we conducted LISREL analysis using 261 responses collected on CSRs working for inbound call centers. The key results are as follows. First, accumulated customer knowledge in EKRs enhances CSRs’ knowledge utilization and service expertise during the customer contact. Second, CSRs’ knowledge utilization reinforces service expertise. Finally, service quality depends on CSRs’ knowledge utilization and service expertise, but it is not directly related to accumulated customer knowledge. Overall, the findings suggest that accumulated customer knowledge in EKRs enhances CSRs’ knowledge utilization and service expertise, and thereby leading to superior service quality.

지명채권의 양도금지특약 재고

최수정 한국민사법학회 2007 民事法學 Vol.38 No.-

Die Forderung ist nicht nur Leistungsbeziehung sondern auch Vermögensgegenstand, und zwar grundsätzlich verfügbarer Vermögensgegestand, der als solcher dem Zugriff der Gläubiger des Forderungsberechtigten offensteht. Art. 449 erklärt auch die Abtretbarkeit der Forderung. Der Rechtsverkehr mit Forderungen wird jedoch durch vertragliche Abtretungsverbote i.S.v. Art. 449Ⅱ erheblich behindert. Nach der h.M. verpflichte die Vereinbarung den Gläubiger nicht nur, die Abtretung zu unterlassen, sondern nehme der Forderung die Abtretbarkeit. Eine der Vereinbarung zuwider vorgenommene Abtretung sei unwirksam und die Unwirksamkeit gelte im Verhältnis zu jedermann(absolute Unwirksamkeit der verbotswidrigen Abtretung). Der Position des obersten Gerichtshofs fehlt dagegen die entscheidende Stütze, wie sich für sie nicht ein einigermaßen überzeugungskräftiges teleologisches Argument ins Feld führen läßt. Aber die Annahme relativer Unwirksamkeit ist wesentlich leistungsfähiger als die absoluter Unwirksamkeit. Die These, daß verbotswidrige Verfügungen des Gläubigers nur dem Schuldner gegenüber unwirksam, im Verhältnis zu allen anderen Personen aber wirksam sind, hat mehrere wesentliche Vorzüge. Es kann nun kaum zweifelhaft sein, daß redliche und vernünftige Parteien die Rechtsfolge relativer und nicht absoluter Unwirksamkeit wählen würden. Diese stellt einen nahezu optimalen Kompromiß zwischen den gegenläufigen Interessen dar, da sie zum einen dem Schuldner die Gewähr bietet, nur an den Gläubiger und nicht an einen Zessionar leisten zu müssen, zum anderen aber einen weitgehenden Schutz des Zessionars gegenüber Dritten zur Folge hat und dadurch der Forderung des Gläubigers trotz des Abtretungsverbots ein gewisses Maß an Verkehrsfähigkeit und damit auch an Verwertbarkeit erhält.

일체형방식의 PM/NOx 저감 배기후처리장치 내 유동특성에 관한 연구

최수정,최재혁,Van Chien Pham,이원주,박호용,김준수 해양환경안전학회 2022 해양환경안전학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2022 No.06

일 여중생의 외로움, 자아정체감, 건강에 관한 연구

최수정,이혜련 이화여자대학교 간호과학연구소 1997 Health & Nursing Vol.9 No.2

This Study was designed to identify degree of loneliness, self-identity, and health and to investigate the relationship among them. The purpose of this study was to promote healthy life on the base of understanding of loneliness and self -identity formation of the adolescents. The subjects of this study were 202 middle schoolgirls, who were convenience sampled 2nd year of G Middle School in Seoul. Data was collected from August, 27 to September 4, 1997. The measurement tool were the revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, Diagman-Identity Scale, CMI (Cornell Medical Index). Data was analyzed by the S.A.S. computer program and included descriptive statistics, t- test, ANOVA, Duncan test, Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The conclusions of this study are summarized as follows ; 1. The mean of loneliness was 56.49 (SD=±2.82) in a range of 20 to 88 and the mean of self-identity was 58.81(SD=±2.94) in a range of 38 to 86. And the mean of physical health was 170.09 (SD=±28.19) in a range of 45 to 216, and the mean of mental health was 136.01 (SD = 28.00) in a range of 58 to 200. Also the mean of health was 306.10 (SD= 51.0) in a range of 104 to 412. 2. There was a significant negative correlation between loneliness and self -identity (r=- 0.34, p =0.0001), between loneliness and health (r=-0.19, p=0.0067), between loneliness and mental health (r=-0.29, p=0.0001). Also, there was a significant positive correlation between self-identity and mental health (r=1.16, p=0.0206). 3. There were significant difference statistically in the degree of self -identity according to the sister's order(F=3.11, p=0.028). The results of this study didn't show any significant difference statistically in loneliness, health and physical health, mental health. Based on these conclusions, further study is suggested to do repeated research and to investigate on the research in the hospitalized adolescents. And a study is required to develop appropriate instruments on adolescents in Korea.

교육성과에 기초한 특성화고등학교 유형화 및 특성 연구

최수정,김진모,박자경,정지용,홍성표 한국농·산업교육학회 2020 농업교육과 인적자원개발 Vol.52 No.1

이 연구는 특성화고등학교를 대상으로 교육성과 지표인 신입생 충원율, 중도탈락률, 취업률을 활용하여 교육성과 수준과 유형화 분석하고 각 집단별 특성을 분석하고자 하였다. 특성화고등학교 교육성과 수준에 따른 유형을 구분하기 위하여 계층적 군집분석과 k-means 군집분석을 실시하였고, 유형화로 집단을 구분한 뒤 각 집단 간 차이는 카이스퀘어 검정과 분산분석(ANOVA)을 통하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과 특성화고등학교의 교육성과에 따라 교육성과 지표가 모두 높은 “우수학교”와 신입생 충원율은 높지만 취업률이 낮은 “저취업학교”, 취업률은 보통 수준이지만 나머지 두 지표가 낮은 “저충원-고이탈학교”의 세 집단으로 구분할 수 있었다. 교육성과에 따라 구분된 유형별 주요 특성의 차이분석 결과 학교 계열 및 설립 유형, 지역 및 학교 규모, 사업 수행 여부 등에서 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 학생복지 지원과 선택적 교육활동에 대해서도 예산의 활용 비율에 있어서 집단별로 차이를 보이는 것으로 분석되었다. 연구를 통해 특성화고등학교의 교육성과 향상을 위해 학교별로 차별화된 접근이 필요하고, 학교의 계열과 지역을 고려한 정책적 지원이 필요하다는 제언을 할 수 있다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the level and type of educational performance and the characteristics of each group by using the recruitment rate, dropout rate, and employment rate, which are indicators of educational performance, for high school. The hierarchical cluster analysis and the k-means cluster analysis were performed to classify the types according to the educational performance level of specialized high school. After classifying groups, the differences between groups were analyzed by chi-square test and analysis of variance(ANOVA). According to the analysis, “excellent school” with high educational performance indicators and “low-employment rate school” with high recruitment rate but low employment rate, and low employment rate, and “low recruitment-high school-exit school” with low employment rate but moderate other indicators It could be divided into three groups. As a result of the difference analysis of the main characteristics of each type classified according to educational outcomes, there were differences in school series and establishment type, region and school size, and business performance. Student welfare support and selective educational activities also showed differences in the ratio of budget utilization by group. The research suggests that differentiated approaches are needed for each school to improve the educational performance of specialized high schools, and that policy support is needed considering the school's family and region.