Cadmium에 의한 흰쥐의 간장 및 신장의 Metallothionein 변화와 방어효과

김남송,이재형,고대하,기노석,황인담,Kim, Nam-Song,Lee, Jae-Hyung,Koh, Dai-Ha,Ki, No-Suk,Hwang, In-Dam 대한예방의학회 1991 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.24 No.3

Tolerance to several toxic effects of cadmium, including lethality has been shown following pretreatment with cadmium and zinc. This study was designed to determine if tolerance also develops to Cd-induced hepatotoxicityandrenaltoxicity. Three groups of rats (A, B, C), each consisting of 16 rats, were studied and each group was divided into four subgroups (1, 2, 3, 4), 4 rats for each subgroup. Rats were subcutaneously pretreated with saline (A), $CdCl_2$ (0.5 mg/kg, B), and $ZnCl_2$ (13.0 mg/kg, C) during time periods of $1{\sim}6$ weeks. At the end of the period, rats were challenged with $CdCl_2$ (3.0, 6.0 and 9.0 mg/kg, ip). After giving the challenge dose, cadmium and metallothionein (MT) concentrations were determined and also observed the histologic change in liver and kidney. The concentration of cadmium in liver and kidney increased dose-dependently to the challenge dosage. These da indicate the kidney is a major target organ of chronic cadmium poisoning, and suggest that cadmium induced hepatic injury, via release of Cd-MT, may play an important role in the nephrotoxicity observed in response to long-term exposure to cadmium. In addition, histologic examination of group $A_2,\;A_3\;and\;A_4$ revealed moderate to severe cadmium toxicity, evidenced by infiltration of inflammatory cells, cell swelling, pyknosis, enlarged sinusoids and necrosis in liver, and tubule cell necrosis and degeneration in kidney. However, MT concentrations in liver and kidney were increased by the pretreatment of $CdCl_2$ and $ZnCl_2$, and their morphological findings were not significantly changed, comparing with control group. Higher MT concentration in liver and kidney observed in the pretreated groups constitutes a plausible explanation of the protective effects of pretreatment against the cadmium toxicity after challenge dosing.

만경강 담수어중 중금속 함량에 관한 연구

김남송,Kim, Nam-Song 대한예방의학회 1988 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.21 No.1

This study was performed to investigate the heavy metal contents of freshwater fishes. The samples of 24 species were collected at 7 areas located on the Mankyung River during September in 1987. And then the contents of lead, cadmium, copper and zine were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results were summarized as follows ; 1. The mean value of lead, cadmium, and copper contents of fishes collected in the downstream were significantly higher than those of upstream. 2. The mean lead content of C. auratus was the highest $1.50{\pm}0.98{\mu}g/g$ in viscera and statistically significant difference from muscle content. 3. The mean cadmium content of C. auratus was the highest $0.087{\pm}0.054{\mu}g/g$ in viscera and significantly higher than that of muscle. 4. In the copper contents, the viscera of C. auratus was the highest $5.25{\pm}0.94{\mu}g/g$ and significantly higher than that of muscle, skeleton and gill. 5. The mean value of zinc content of C. auratus was shown the order of gill, skeleton, viscera and muscle.

전처치 기간에 따른 흰쥐의 조직내 카드뮴 및 metallothionein 생성에 관한 연구

김남송 한국독성학회 1997 Toxicological Research Vol.13 No.1

This study was performed to investigate the effects of cadmium chloride on the acute and chronic toxicity on rats. Several toxic effects of cadmium has been shown following short-term and longterm pretreatment with cadmium and zinc. Four groups of rats (A, B, C, D), each consisting of 16 rats, were studied and each group was divided into four subgroups (1, 2, 3, 4), 4 rats for each subgroup. Rats were subcutaneously pretreated with $CdCl_2$ (0.5 mg/kg, A & C), and $ZnCl_2$ (13.0 mg/kg, B & D) during time periods of 1 weeks (group A & B) and 6 weeks (group C & D). At the end of the period, rats were challenged with $CdCl_2$ (3.0, 6.0 and 9.0 mg/kg, i.p.). After giving the challenge dose, cadmium and metallothionein(MT) concentrations were determined. The concentrations of cadmium were higher in the liver than the kidney irrelevantly to cadmium and zinc pretreatment and increased dose-dependently to the challenge dosage. The metallothioneins showed higher concentrations in the liver than the kidney following cadmium pretreatment and were higher in the long-term pretreatment groups than the short-term pretreatment groups in the liver and the kidney of rats. These data suggest that metallothioneins are induced preferentially in the liver by pretreatment of cadmium and then, formed in the form of Cd-MT, may play an important role in the nephrotoxicity.

배양 인체피부흑색종세포에 대한 크롬의 영향에 관한 연구

김남송,유선미 원광대학교 대학원 2008 論文集 Vol.40 No.-

To elucidate the mechanism of cytotoxicity on chromium in cultured human skin melanoma cells (SK-MEL-3), XTT assay was performed for the measurement of cytotoxicity induced by chromium after human skin melanoma cells were cultured for 48 hours in the medium containing various concentrations of chromium trioxide (CrO₃). In this study, chromium trioxide decreased cell viability dose-dependent manner after human skin melanoma cells were cultured in various chromium trioxide concentration of for 48 hours. In cell viability, XTT_(90) and XTT_(50) was determined at 3uM and 30uM chromium trioxide, respectively, so chromium trioxide was highly toxic by toxic criteria of Brenfreund et al. From above the results, it is suggested that chromium trioxide showed cytotoxicity by the decrease of cell viability in cultured human skin melanoma cells.

흰쥐의 만성 카드뮴 중독에 대한 식용 버섯의 전처리효과

김남송 한국환경보건학회 1995 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.21 No.4

The concentrations of cadmium, metallothionein(MT), superoxide dismutase(SOD), and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) were investigated in liver and kidney of rats which were fed the water containing 100 ppm cadmium chloride with basal diet and 5% Agaricus bisporus diet during 16 weeks. Cadmium concentrations in liver and kidney increased during 16 weeks, and there were significantly higher accumulation of cadmium in the kidney than in the liver. The concentrations of MTs in liver and kidney decreased linearly during 16 weeks, but there was no significant difference between control and experimental group. MT concentrations of liver were significantly higher than those of kidney. The superoxide dismutase activities and lactate dehydrogenase activities were not affected by the diet, but there was a significant difference by the duration of administration. These data indicate that the kidney is a major target organ of chronic cadmium poisoning, and suggest that Cd-induced hepatic injury, via release of Cd-MT, may play an important role in the nephrotoxicity. In conclusion, induction of MT occurs in both the liver and the kidney after administration of $CdCl_2$. However, the kidney is less responsive than the liver to the induction of MT by cadmium, which may contribute to making the kidney the target organ of toxicity during chronic Cd exposure.

봄철 익산지역 환경대기 중 수용성 이온성분의 일별 침적량

김남송,강공언,김정숙,김현아,신지혜,김병수,최석진 원광대학교 대학원 2008 論文集 Vol.40 No.-

Deposition samples were collected in wet gauge and dry gauge containers at downtown of Iksan city, located southwest of the Korean peninsula, from April 20 to May 1, 2004. The volume of 30-50㎖ deionized water was added for wet gauge before sampling, but dry gauge was installed in the dry state with no deionized water adding. These samples were collected twice a day during daytime and nighttime and were analyzed for anions(Cl^(-), NO^(3-), SO₄^(2-)) and cations (NH₄^(+), Na^(+), K^(+), Mg^(2+), Ca^(2+)) using ion chromatography. Data quality was checked by the data obtained from re-injection of standard solution, Dionex cross check standard solutions, and random several deposition samples, and measured data was estimated to be reliable. Considering the deposition sample volume, the sampling time, the surface area of sampling container, and the ion concentration measured, the deposition amounts were calculated in mg/㎡/day. The sum of ion dry deposition amounts for dry gauge and wet gauge was 9.1±6.7 mg/㎡/day and 26.5±9.1 mg/㎡/day, respectively. A significant increase in deposition amount during rainfall days and Asian yellow dust period was observed for both wet gauge and dry gauge, especially during rainfall days having no difference of deposition amount between in wet gauge and in dry gauge. The mean deposition of all ions measured in this study were higher in wet gauge than in dry gauge because of the surface difference of the sampling container. The mean deposition amount of NH₄^(+), SO₄^(2-), and NO^(3-) in wet gauge were found to be about 27.6 times, 5.5 times, and 3.4 times higher. than that in dry gauge, while the rest of the chemical species were equal or a little higher in wet gauge than in dry gauge. Dominant species in dry gauge were SO₄^(2-) and Ca^(2+), accounting for 14.7% and 47.3% of the total ion dry deposition, whereas those in wet gauge were SO₄^(2-) and NH₄^(+), accounting for 27.7% and 27.1% of the total ion dry deposition, respectively.

통합예술치료가 여가복지시설 이용 노인의 생활만족도와 자아통합감에 미치는 영향

김남송,김수정 원광대학교 대학원 2008 論文集 Vol.41 No.-

This study have done in order to inspect of the effects of integrative arts therapy program on the life satisfaction and self-integration of the elderly who use leisure facility. They were randomly assigned to 2groups -experimental and contrast group-which consist of 13 people per each group. The integrative arts therapy program was executed through twenty session in sum, two sessions a week for 50 minutes. This study is able to indicate that there is significant meaning of arts therapy program as a synthetic access that eleders who use leisure facility spendimg a remaining life positively by experiencing and expressing through various art medium such as music, art, dance, literature.

일부 제조업 여성 근로자들의 작업환경과 건강실태에 관한 조사

김남송,이재형 최신의학사 1993 最新醫學 Vol.36 No.12

유아의 입체도형 표상능력과 기하학적 구성물 표상능력간의 관계연구

김남송,최은정 원광대학교 대학원 2008 論文集 Vol.41 No.-

The purposes of this study were to assess childern's represent soild and geometric figures, and to define the relationship between their ability to represent solid figures and that to represent geometric figures. The subjects of this study were 120 three, four and five-year old children. The collected data were analyzed by F-test, Scheffe-test, T-test and Pearson's correlation analysis. The result of this study is as follows: First, there was age of children does have a significant impact on their ability to represent solid figures. However, gender does not play a meaningful role in this category. Second, there was age of children does affect their ability to represent geometric figures the older they are, the more ability they display to represent geometric figures. On the other hand, gender does not apparently affect the ability of young children to represent or comprehend geometric figures. third there exists a relationship between the representation by young children (ages 3-5) of solid figures and that of geometric figures.

저소득층 가정환경이 아동에게 미치는 영향과 미술치료적 접근

김남송,한영희 원광대학교 대학원 2008 論文集 Vol.40 No.-

The present study addresses children's variables among the variables which have a negative influence on individuals and family members of low-income families. It is found in the study that children of low-income families are under an economic pressure, which causes them to have a negative attitude, strain and a sense of instability, hampers interaction between family members, makes it difficult for them to establish inter-personal relationships and works negatively on their adaptability, academic achievement and behavioral development. The study carried out a case study in which a child who faced the loss of ego-identity changed after undergoing art therapy to find ego-identity in the family, sympathize with the family, become considerate of others and understand that the family is a kind of community. The study signifies that the parents' child-rearing pattern exerts a great influence on the development of children's emotions and sociality. In addition, it is found in the study that children can experience the effect of art therapy in the process that they are handling their suppressed feelings on their own.