정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

뇌의 미만성 축삭 손상 정도, 지능 지수 그리고 예후와의 상호관계

양승민,김영백,권정택,박승원,황성남,최덕영 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 2001 中央醫大誌 Vol.26 No.2

Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is defined as posttraumatic coma for over 24 hours without intracranial mass lesion. the purpose of this study was to examine the neurologic state of the patient and to evaluate the psychiatric sequela after DAI by psychometric analysis.Twenty eight patients with DAI were analyzed by a psychoanalyzer. Electroencephalography and magnetic resonance(MR) imaging were performed on eighteen patients. The ratio of male to female was about 6 to 1 and the major cause was traffic accident followed by fall down. Radiologic abnormality in MR image was predictors of poor outcome and early neurologic state was one of the most significant prognostic factor. Psychometric anlysis revealed that lntelligence Quotient was correlated with outcomes and most of patients with DAI were in normal range of lntelligence Quotient(67.9%) but they have suffered from variable psychologic problems, such as depression, anziety, phobia and dementia. Previous studies in DAI have been based principally on the prognostic factors and treatment without a systemic apporach to their meurologic and psychologic problems. Psychometric analysis can reveal psychologic symptom in the patients with DAI and appropriate management of their psychiatric problems may carry important implications for management of patients with moderate or servere DAI and improve rehabilitation outcomes.

전자빔을 이용한 공기중 VOC 분해반응 특성

원양수,한도흥,박완식,Tatiana Stuchinskaya,이홍승 영남대학교 환경문제연구소 2000 環境硏究 Vol.20 No.1

공기중 휘발성유기화합물의 처리를 위해 전자빔 가속기를 이용하여 Trichloroethylene(TCE)의 분해특성에 대해 연구하였다. TCE를 포함한 공기는 서로 다른 반응분위기, 초기농도의 변화, 수증기 존재유무와 같은 변수하에서 분해실험이 행해졌다. 산소를 반응분위기가스로 사용하였을 경우 최대분해율이 나타났는데, TCE 초기농도 2000 ppm에 대해 20kGy에서 99%의 분해율을 보였다. TCE 농도는 산소와 공기 조건하에서 지수함수적으로 감소했으며, TCE 분해효율에 대한 수증기 효과가 행해졌다. 수증기 (5600ppm) 존재하에서 TCE분해율은 수증기가 존재하지 않을 경우보다 약 10% 높게 나타났다. 1차 생성물로 Dichloroacetic acid, Dichloroacethyl chloride, Dichloroacethyl ester acetic acid 등이 생성되었고 분해와 산화반응을 통해 CO, CO2로 전환되었다. 또한 Perchloroethylene, Hexachloroethane, Chlorofona Carbon tetrachloride와 같은 과염소탄소 화합물이 생성되었다. Decomposition of trichloroethylene (TCE) in electron beam irradiation was examined in order to get information on treatment of VOC/air. Air containing vaporized TCE has been studied in a flow reactor with different reaction environments, various initial TCE concentration and in presence and absence of water vapor. Maximum decomposition was observed in oxygen reaction environment and degree of decomposition was about 99 % at 20 kGy for 2000 ppm initial TCE. The concentration of TCE exponentially decreased with dose in oxygen and air. The effect of water vapor on TCE decomposition efficiency was examined. The decomposition of TCE in presence of water vapor (5600 ppm) was by ca. 10% higher than in absence of water vapor. Dichloroacetic acid, dichloroacethyl chloride and dichloroethyl ester acetic acid which were identified as primary products, were decomposed and oxidized to give CO and CO2. Perchloroethylene, hexachloroethane, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride were also observed as highly chlorinated products.

청신경종의 크기에 따른 어지러움의 양상 및 전정기능 검사의 특징

정원호,홍성화,조양선,김성민,장병찬,최재연,이승진 대한이비인후과학회 2000 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.43 No.1

자기학습형 뉴로―퍼지 제어기의 학습에 관한 연구

梁承浩,元忠淵 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1994 論文集 Vol.45 No.1

In this study, a Self-Learning Neuro -Fuzzy Controller is presented. Due to the fuzzy controller property, the designing problems of fuzzy if then rules, membership and inference methods are very complex task. Thus in this paper we proposed the Neuro-Fuzzy Networks composed by Sugeno and Takagi's fuzzy inference method and learned by using temporal back propagation algorithm. The proposed method can refine automatically the fuzzy if-then rules without human expert's knowledges. The induction motor servo system is used to de-monstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme and the feasibility of the acquired neuro-fuzzy controller. All results are supported by simulation.

하수슬러지의 固形化 특성에 관한 연구

원양수,안승표 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1994 環境硏究 Vol.14 No.1

대구시 신천 및 달서천 하수처리장에서 발생되는 하수슬러지 탈수케익의 고형화 특성에 관한 연구를 위해 고화제로 보통 포틀랜드시멘트와 특수(초조강) 시멘트를 사용하였다. 대구시 하수슬러지의 고형화 특성에 대한 영향을 분석하기 위해 배합비, 양생조건, 양생기간을 변화시켰을때의 감용율, 감량율, 압축강도, pH, 재침수율 및 중금속 용출시험의 결과를 통한 적정 처리방법을 검토하였으며 주요 실험결과는 다음과 같다. 기건양생 조건일 경우, 시멘트의 배합비는 높을수록 감용율, 감량율 및 재침수율은 낮게 나타났으나, 반대로 압축강도는 크게 증가하였다. 중금속 (Cu, Pb, Cr, Cd) 용출시험 결과 기준치보다는 낮은 용출농도를 나타내었다. This study was carried out to estimate the solidification characteristics of sewage sludge emitted from Dalseochun and Shinchun Sewage treatment Plant. The solidification binders used were two types, portland cement and special(super high early strength) cement. The solidification tests were conducted to observe reducing weight, reducing volumn, compressive strength, pH of the extract solution, water immersion ratio and concentration of heavy metals leached from cured sewage sludge by varing cement/sludge ratio, curing condition and curing time. In case of dry curing condition, reducing weight, reducing volumn and water immersion ratio decreased, but compressive strength increased significantly as the cement/sludge ratio increased. The concentration of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Cr, Cd) leached from cured sewage sludge was less than that of standard regulation.

한글 처리를 위한 유닉스 인터페이스 설계

元裕憲,朴淳東,梁承義 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1991 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.1 No.-

At the beginning, the best advantages of UNIX which adopts opened structure are the portability and compatability among several different machines. The UNIX is gradually developed while it is ported on different kinds of machines and caused the problem of compatability among machines as a result. The POSIX(Portable Operating System Interface) and X/Open which are the organizations of UNIX standardization suggest "Portability Guide" and are in the situation which the UNIX standardization. Thix thesis deals with Hangul interface design in UNIX environment and suggest the frame to standardize the Hangul UNIX. It is designed based on international standardizations, and consists of design of Hangul I/O module and construct of user's environment. In design of Hangul I/O module, Hangul module and algorithm of hangul terminal driver are suggested using the design method of STREAMS subsystem which provides the flexibility. User's environment is divided into the message, locale and Hangul I/O and provides the each design method and function.

지방자치와 기초교육자치 관계에 대한 연구

양승미,최승원 梨花女子大學校 法學硏究所 2017 法學論集 Vol.22 No.1

기초교육자치 확대의 경우, 국가 전체적인 교육제도에 반하지 않는 범위 내에서 그 지역의 인적･물적, 유･무형적 교육자원을 최대한 효율적으로 활용하여 영유아교육에서부터 지역인재교육 및 평생교육에 이르기까지 지역적 다양성을 고려한 종합 체계적인 교육프로그램과 세부 부문프로그램을 모델링할 필요가 있다. 향후 교육은 획일적인 공급자 중심의 교육을 지양하고 다양한 디지털매체를 통한융복합 교육콘텐츠와 연동서비스를 활용한 수요자 자기설계형 교육을 지향해갈 것이다. 어느 지역에서 태어나 자라며 자연스럽게 그 지역인재로도 성장하며 원하는 경우 평생을 살아갈 수 있도록, 아날로그 디지털 양 측면에서의 수요자 중심의 참여형 지식기반 교육시스템을 구축해가는 것이 중요하며, 근거리 교육자치를 통하여 학부모인 주민의 적극적 참여 또한 제도화된다면 근거리 생활자치의 소중한 실현수단이 되어 풀뿌리 민주주의에도 기여할 수 있다. 기초교육자치 확대에 있어서 조직이나 기관구성부터 할 것이 아니라, 프로그램 시행과정에서 또는 시행경험 후 어떤 교육자치 조직이나 기관구성이 적합한지, 관련 권한이나 기능 및 사무배분을 어떻게 하는 것이 바람직하며 효율적인 분업 및 협업을 어떻게 할지 등을 충분히 숙려하면서 조직모델을 형성해가는 방향 즉, 선 교육프로그램 후 교육조직 및 기관구성의 접근을 하는 발상의 전환을 강조하고자 한다. 기초교육자치 모델은 반드시 전국 획일적일 필요가 없고, 지역에 따라 다른 조직이나 기관구성과 프로그램운영이 가능하며, 교육열이 유난히 높은 우리나라의 경우 기초교육자치야말로 주민의 근린생활영역에서의 풀뿌리 민주주의를 실현하는 최적의 학교 역할을 할 수 있을 것이다. In the expansion plan of education self-governing, it is necessary to utilize the human, physical, tangible and intangible educational resources of the region as efficiently as possible, within the scope of the national education system, and to need to model a comprehensive systematic education program and sub-program. Future education will focus on education for consumers' self-design education, which avoids uniform supplier-centered education, and utilizes multifunctional educational contents and services through various digital media. It is important to establish a consumer-centered, participatory knowledge-based education system in terms of both analog and digital aspects so that students can be raised naturally and grow as local talents and live a lifetime if desired. If the active participation of the local government is institutionalized, it can also contribute to the grassroots democracy as a valuable means of realization of local living autonomy. It is desirable to establish what kind of educational autonomous organization or organization is appropriate in the course of program implementation or implementation experience. We will emphasize the transformation of the idea of approaching the formation of the organizational model, that is, the educational organization and organization structure after the pre - education program, with sufficient consideration of how to collaborate. The expansion plan of education autonomous model does not necessarily have to be uniform nationwide. It is possible to organize different organizations and institutions according to the region. In Korea where the education attention is exceptionally high, the expansion plan of education autonomy realizes the grassroots democracy in the neighborhood living area of the inhabitants. Local education autonomy is a school of democracy.

공동주택수요 예측인자 영향도 분석에 의한 상관인자선정

양승원,박근준 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.24 No.1

This research describes a interactive process of analysing the demand factors for apartment on Cheonan area. Using subjective statistical data for demand factor the process are categorized into main factors explained for the sensitiveness of correlation coefficient. Consequently, this paper provides useful information about correlationship, but has limit of regional boundary for effectiveness.

여성 요실금에서 Kontinence™와 Compact Elite™의 치료효과 비교

양상국,정상원,오미희,노용수,김홍섭,우응제,박승훈,이수열 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1999 건국의과학학술지 Vol.9 No.-

Biofeedback and pelvic floor electrical stimulation are new modalities that have been advocated for the treatment of female urinary incontinence. The aim of this study was to compare prospectively the therapeutic effect of Kontinence™(HMT Co., Korea) with Compact Elite™(ECL Co., France) in female urinary incontinence. All patients were evaluated with a complete history, physical examination, urinalysis, urine culture and urodynamic study. Eighteen patients were treated with Compact Elite™, and thirteen patients with Kontinence™. Enrolled patients had completed 8 office sessions consisting of biofeedback and intravaginal electrical stimulation according to the program of each machines. Overall treatment response was graded by patients on a scale of complete cure to aggravation. At two weeks after last session, overall improvement rate was 78% in Compact Elite™group and 92% in Kontinence™group(p>0.05). Overall patients' acceptability during treatment course was greater than 80% in both machines(p>0.05). There were no unexpected clinical findings during Kontinence™ treatment. After Kontinence™treatment, there were no laboratory changes including electrocardiography, complete blood count, liver function profile, and chest PA. These results showed that the biofeedback and electrical stimulation with Kontinence™was safe and moderately effective for female urinary incontinence comparable to Compact Elite™. However, long-term results of a larger patients are needed to ensure the therapeutic effect of Kontinence™.