http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Clinical Predictors Associated with the Severity of Colonic Diverticulitis
( Su Jin Lee ),( Jeong Eun Shin ),( Sun Young Cho ),( Hoon Choi ),( Do Hyun Lee ),( Woo Hee Cho ),( Ha Yan Kang ),( Bae Hwan Kim ),( Joon Hyuk Lee ),( Hyun Duk Shin ),( Il Han Song ) 대한장연구학회 2013 Intestinal Research Vol.11 No.1
Background/Aims: Colonic diverticular diseases are increasing in Korea due to aging of the population and westernization of people`s lifestyle. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical predictors associated with the severity of colonic diverticulitis in Korea. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 107 patients who were hospitalized with diverticulitis and underwent abdominopelvic computerized tomography at Dankook University Hospital between March 2002 and August 2011. The severity of colonic diverticulitis was evaluated by using Modified Hinchey classification, stage 0 to stage Ia were classified as mild group and stage Ib to stage IV were classified as severe group. Patients` records were assessed for age, sex, underlying diseases, history of diverticulitis, associated symptoms, location of diverticulitis, white blood cells, and C-reactive protein (CRP). Results: Male to female ratio was 1.6:1 with the mean age of 43.1 years. Eighty-three patients (77.6%) were in the mild group and 24 patients (22.4%) were in the severe group. In multivariated analysis, the clinical predictors associated with the severity of colonic diverticulitis were left location (odds ratio [OR], 7.268; P=0.030), duration of symptoms (≥3 days; OR, 4.174; P=0.022), and elevated CRP (≥5 mg/dL; OR, 4.576; P=0.018). Conclusions: Left location, duration of symptom, and elevated CRP were the meaningful predictors for severity of colonic diverticulitis. When confronting with patients with these risk factors, we should keep in mind about the possibility of severe diverticulitis. (Intest Res 2013;11:23-27)
Engineering ferromagnetic lines in graphene by local functionalization using AFM lithography
Bae Ho Park,Ik-Su Byun,Danil W. Boukhvalov,Duk Hyun Lee,Wondong Kim,Jaeyoon Baik,Hyun-Joon Shin,Young-Woo Son 한국자기학회 2021 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.31 No.1
Monolayer graphene with sp<sup>2</sup>-carbon-atom network is a promising platform for next-generation spintronic devices due to its high carrier mobility and long spin relaxation length. For implementation of practical and high-density graphene-based spintronic devices, we need to define nanoscale areas with ferromagnetic properties on graphene. Up to now, conventional ferromagnetic metal electrodes accompanied by barrier insulators have been used for injection and detection of polarized spins in graphene-based spintronic devices. If graphene-based materials show ferromagnetic behaviors, they will become ideal candidates for spin injectors and detectors, because they structurally, chemically, and electrically match well with pristine graphene. In this presentation, I will report on local magnetic characteristics of nanoscale graphene oxidized and hydrogenated by atomic force microscope (AFM) lithography without conventional sources of surface contamination and chemical agents. By using AFM lithography, we can selectively control functional groups and their coverages on the nanoscale at the surface of graphene. By performing magnetic force microscope (MFM) measurement, we can clearly distinguish local magnetic signal of selectively oxidized or hydrogenated graphene from that of surrounding pristine graphene which does not produce ferromagnetic signal. The nanoscale oxidized and hydrogenated graphene show experimental evidences for room-temperature ferromagnetism. From x-ray magnetic circular dichroism photoemission electron microscope (XMCD-PEEM) measurement, we also identified remarkable asymmetry in carbon K edge XMCD spectra, which strongly indicates that the observed ferromagnetic order in functionalized graphene layers is intrinsic.
배수호(Bae, Su-Ho),김창덕(Kim, Chang-Duk),이승한(Lee, Seung-Han) 한국산학기술학회 2013 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.14 No.3
지속적인 경제성장에 따른 콘크리트 구조물의 급증으로 양질의 하천모래가 고갈됨에 따라 콘크리트용 대체 골재 개발이 필요한 실정이다. 따라서 이 연구의 목적은 낙동강 세사를 콘크리트용 대체골재로서 적극적으로 활용하 기 위한 기초자료를 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 세사 분포지역인 낙동강 본류의 중․하류에서 세사 시료를 채취한 후, 이들의 밀도, 입도, 단위용적질량 및 0.08mm체 통과량 등의 물성 평가와 세사를 사용한 콘크리트의 배합특성으로 설계기준강도에 대한 단위수량 및 단위시멘트량을 평가하였다. 그 결과, 세사를 사용한 콘크리트의 설계기준강도에 대한 단위수량 및 단위시멘트량은 입도가 좋은 기준모래를 사용한 콘크리트의 경우보다 크게 증가하지 않는 것으로 나타나, 전자와 후자 사이의 배합특성은 별 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this experimental research is to suggest a base data to utilize the fine sand of Nakdong-River actively as an alternative aggregate for concrete. For this purpose, after the typical fine sand samples were collected at the mid stream and down stream of main stream of Nakdong-River, the physical properties of them and the mix characteristics of concrete using those were estimated. As a result, it was observed from the test result that mix characteristics between concrete using fine sand and concrete using well-graded reference sand made little differences since unit water content and unit cement content of concrete using fine sand increased only a little than those of concrete using reference sand for specified compressive strength.
Clinical Features and Prognosis of Resectable Primary Colorectal Signet-Ring Cell Carcinoma
( Ho Su Lee ),( Jae Seung Soh ),( Seohyun Lee ),( Jung Ho Bae ),( Kyung Jo Kim ),( Byong Duk Ye ),( Jeong Sik Byeon ),( Seung Jae Myung ),( Suk Kyun Yang ),( Sun A Kim ),( Young Soo Park ),( Seok Byun 대한장연구학회 2015 Intestinal Research Vol.13 No.4
Background/Aims: We attempted to investigate the prognosis of signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRC) patients who underwent curative surgery by comparing them with age-, sex-, and stage-matched non-mucinous adenocarcinoma (NMAC) patients. Methods: Between January 2003 and December 2011, 19 patients with primary SRC of the colorectum underwent curative surgery. Four SRC patients under the age of 40 were excluded, and the clinicopathological data of 15 patients (7 men; median age, 56 years) were reviewed and compared with the data of 75 NMAC patients matched by age, sex, and pathologic stage. Results: The median follow-up duration was 30.1 months for the SRC group and 43.7 months for the NMAC group (P=0.141). Involvement of the left side of the colon (73.3% vs. 26.7%, P=0.003) and infiltrative lesions such as Borrmann types 3 and 4 (85.7% vs. 24.0%, P=0.001) were more common in the SRC group than in the NMAC group. The five-year overall survival rate was significantly lower for patients with SRC than for those with NMAC (46.0% vs. 88.7%, hazard ratio, 6.99; 95% confidence interval, 2.33-20.95, P=0.001). Conclusions: Patients with even resectable primary colorectal SRC had a poorer prognosis than age-, sex-, and stage-matched colorectal NMAC patients. (Intest Res 2015;13:332-338)
Lipase를 이용한 (S)-3-acetoxy-2-methylpropanol의 제조
서영배,서연찬,이갑득 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.2
Captopril, α-tocopherol, erythromycin A, muscone과 같은 의약품, 향료등 생리활성물질의 합성에 있어서 유용한 중간원료로 이용되는 광학활성인 D-(-)-β-hydroxyisobutyric acid를 제조하기 위하여 그 전구체로 (S)-3-acyloxy-2-methylpropanol을 선정하여 lipase의 부제가수분해반응을 이용하여 이의 개발을 시도하였다. 대칭성 기질 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol diacetate 2를 다양한 lipase를 사용하여 부제가수분해(asymmetric hydrolysis)시킨 결과 lipase PS(Amano 제약, Pseudomonas sp.)의 경우는 phosphate buffer pH 7.0 조건하에서 광학순도(optical purity) 95% e.e.의 (R)-(-)-3-acetoxy-2-methylpropanol을 80% 수율로 생산하였으며, lipase AY(Candida rugosa)의 경우는 phosphate buffer pH 6.5/isobutyl alcohol (1/1), O℃의 조건하에서 목적으로 한 (S)-3-acetoxy-2-methylpropanol 3을 광학순도 약 60% e.e.로 생산하였다. Optically active carboxylic acid, D-(-)-β-hydroxyisobutyric acid {(D)-(-)-HIBA} is a useful chiral starting material for the preparation of enantiomerically pure bioactive compounds which have a chiral methyl carbon center in the molecule such as captopril, α-tocopherol, erythromycin A, muscone and so on. (S)-3-Acetoxy-2-mthylpropanol can be used as the precursor of (D)-(-)-HIBA, that is, chemical oxidation of the hydroxyl group and subsequent hydrolysis of acyl group in (S)-3-acetoxy-2-methylpropanol affords D-(-)-β-hydroxyisobutyric acid. (S)-3-acetoxy-2-methylpropanol was prepared by lipase-catalyzed asymmetric hydrolysis. In the enzymatic hydrolysis system, lipase AY (Candida rugosa) provided the expected (S)-3-acetoxy-2-methylpropanol in 60% e.e. of the enantiomeric purity under the phosphate buffer and organic co-solvent system.