국제기구 결의상의 직접위성방송의 규제

盧錫台(Roh Seok-Tae) 부산대학교 법학연구소 2001 법학연구 Vol.42 No.1

Direct broadcasting by satellite(DBS) is a kind of broadcasting. Therefore, it may be thought that the freedom of broadcasting developed by states practices in the area of the terrestrial broadcasts will be able to apply to such broadcasting. But, many states have rejected to apply that freedom to DBS. For they concerned that foreign broadcasting programs by satellite could reach directly the population in their territory without being controlled. Although direct broadcasting by satellite has both the potential interests and dangers, most states recognize the need of international regulation of DBS. Many states, in particular developing countries require prior consent of receiving states before broadcasting in relation to the intentional direct broadcasting by satellite. On the other hand, the West countries express the objection to such prior consent by referring the freedom of information in various human rights documents. In 1982, UN Assembly adopted a resolution(37/92) in favor of the prior consent through the voting. But states debating about prior consent to DBS should not overlook the fact that in many parts of the world foreign television broadcasts can be watched without interference. Significantly, such broadcasts have not given rise to official complaints despite their widespread occurrence. Moreover, as above stated, short-wave radio operators broadcast throughout the world without the thought of asking for authorization from the receiving country. Also the number of states having the capacity of DBS is growing. Although a state argued that prior consent should be given to DBS before such broadcasting, when it did not have the techNoogy of DBS, it has not insisted on prior consent any more since having such techNoogy. These facts serve as a barrier to acceptance of the prior consent principle in regulating DBS internationally. UN Assembly resolution 37/92 was adopted by the majority of states and included the legal principles of governing DBS activities. But, most of the West countries objected to adopting this resolution and that resolution has no legal force. This fact diminishes the legal value of this resolution, and, at the same time, questions the future implementation of this resolution. Therefore, for the time being, DBS activities can be regulated only by the rules of existing laws governing the media activity and the exploitation and use of outer space.

디지털위성방송의 초기수용자 특성에 관한 연구

박광순(Kwang-Soon Park) 한국언론학회 2004 한국언론학보 Vol.48 No.1

This aims at finding the characteristics of the early audience in the digital satellite broadcasting, focusing upon a socio-economical variable of population, a variable of a attribute in digital satellite broadcasting, a psychological variable and a socio-structural variable which are related with the use of media. To find out the characteristics of the audience through the analysis between the audience and non-audience in a digital satellite broadcasting is to furnish a clue which we can the understanding of an early audience and predict the potential audience of digital satellite broadcasting. Accordingly, most of the studies on an advent of new media has been focused on the early audience of digital satellite broadcasting. As a result of this paper, four kinds of variables which were studied showed that they were affirmatively related to an acceptance of digital satellite broadcasting. That is, several factors such as the psychological factor and environmental one of the use of media turned out to have an important effect on the acceptance of the digital satellite broadcasting.

인공위성 활용 분야 기술 발전 현황 및 전망

이정호(Jeong-Ho Lee),윤보열(Bo-Yeol Yoon),김윤수(Youn-Soo Kim),임덕원(Deok-Won Lim),허문범(Moon-Beom Heo),이병선(Byoung-Sun Lee),오현웅(Hyun-Ung Oh) 한국항공우주학회 2016 한국항공우주학회지 Vol.44 No.8

우리나라는 그동안 국가주도의 위성개발사업을 통해 다수의 위성을 개발하였으며, 현재 다양한 센서의 지구관측위성, 과학기술위성, 통신위성 등을 운영하고 있다. 위성은 많은 분야에서 활용될 수 있으며 대표적인 활용분야는 위성정보, 위성항법, 위성통신방송, 우주태양양광발전시스템 등이 있다. 우리나라가 다양한 위성을 보유한 현 상황에서 이제는 위성활용에 역량을 더 집중해야한다. 본 논문에서는 위성정보, 위성항법, 위성통신방송, 우주태양양광발전시스템에 대하여 기술발전 현황을 살펴보고 미래 전망을 분석하였다. Korea developed several satellites through government-led satellite development projects, and now operates earth observation satellites of various sensors, science and technology satellites, and communication satellites. Satellites can be utilized in many fields, and Satellite Information, Global Navigation Satellite System, Satellite Communications and Broadcasting, Space Solar Power System are typical application fields. Now that we have developed and operated several satellites, we have to concentrate more efforts on satellite application. In this paper, we reviewed the current states of the technologies of four satellite application fields mentioned above and analyzed the future prospects of them.

한국형 위성항법시스템의 방송궤도력 갱신주기에 관한 연구

한범구,김윤중,오경택,정승윤,서승모,김유단 한국항공우주학회 2015 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2015 No.11

위성항법시스템에서 사용자가 정확한 위치정보를 획득하기 위해서는 지상의 주관제소에서 정밀궤도결정(POD)을 수행하고 그 결과로부터 방송궤도력을 생성하여야 한다. 방송궤도력을 생성하기 위해서는 위성의 궤도요소와 오차보정 파라미터가 필요하다. 또한 궤도요소와 보정 파라미터로 구성된 방송궤도력은 시간이 지날수록 오차가 증가하기 때문에 방송궤도력을 일정한 주기마다 갱신해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 한국형 위성항법시스템에 대하여 방송궤도력의 갱신주기와 위성의 위치 오차와의 상관관계를 분석하기 위한 수치 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. The satellite navigation system provides a position information of satellites to user who wants to know his/her position from the broadcast ephemeris generated based on a precise orbit determination. To generate a broadcast ephemeris, satellite’s orbit elements and correction parameters are needed. In spite of the correction parameters, there exist an error between a predicted satellite position from the broadcast ephemeris and a real satellite position. In this study, a correlation between an update rate of the broadcast ephemeris and satellite position error in analyzed for a Korean Navigation Satellite System by numerical simulations.

다채널시대 농업전문방송채널에서의 공익성 실현 탐색 연구

노광준(Gwang June Rho),김성수(Sung Soo Kim) 한국농촌지도학회 2003 농촌지도와 개발 Vol.10 No.2

Since the 1960s in Korea, major broadcasting channels broadcasted farm television programs, however, airing of these programs were reduced in the 1990s. This was due to the declining number of farmers, and the low popularity rating of farm television programs. To cope with the situation, agriculture businessmen, farmers, and the officials concerned tried to acquire the independent farming television channel in cable television and satellite television. In 1998, one cable television channel started broadcasting, while another channel in satellite television began its broadcasting in 2001. One of the major concerns of the people in the broadcasting was actualization of the public interests in the new media multi-channel age. Recognizing this point, the study explored a few areas of concern such as conceptualizations of the public interest of the people in the digital age, examination of the surroundings of program production and marketing, and survey the media use behavior of target audience-rural residents; In the concept of the public interest, there are two points of view; market focused and democratic principle oriented. As the digitalization of broadcast advances and the logic of economics prevails, it is difficult to offer the public broadcasting service to farmers, however, democratic principles should be more emphasized. The rural resident prefer major terrestrial television channel to cable television and satellite television channel, and in media use behavior, the medium of major terrestrial television would be more useful for farm broadcasting.

독일통일과정에서 위성방송의 역할에 대한 연구

심영섭(Shim, Young Sub) 한양대학교 평화연구소 2015 문화와 정치 Vol.2 No.2

이 연구는 위성방송이 독일통일과정에서 어떠한 역할을 했고, 향후 한반도 통일에는 어떠한 시사점을 주는지를 논의했다. 통일은 분단되었던 이질적인 두 사회를 통합하는 사회통합과정이다. 이 과정에서 방송을 비롯한 대중매체는 이질성 극복을 위한 역할을 수행한다. 이를 통해 서로간의 정보교류와 민족통일에 대한 기본 관점을 공유한다. 이러한 관점에서 동서독 통일과정에서 서독미디어의 영향력이 동독주민들의 인식변화와 통일에 역할을 했던 것을 비교분석했다. 독일통일과정에서 위성방송의 역할 분석이 우리나라에 주는 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 험난한 산악과 산림지역이 많은 특성과 낮은 인구밀도를 고려하여 위성방송의 적극적인 활용이 필요하다. 둘째, 위성방송은 동북아시아에서의 긴장완화에 기여할 수 있다. 셋째, 민족적 동질성을 회복을 위한 사회통합 프로그램의 개발이 필요하다. 이를 위해서는 명확한 통일정책이 있어야 한다. 또한 통일비용에 대한 경제적 이해관계보다는 포용적인 투자가 필요하다. This paper discusses the role of the Satellite Broadcasting in the Reunification Processing in Germany, and its implications on the unification of korean Peninsula in the future. By stimulating the recent development in East and West German relationship tried the satellite television actively promotes the peace process and try to collaborate with colleagues and intensify the exchange of broadcasting programs. Impact of the role of the Satellite Broadcasting in the process of reunification of Germany are as follows. First, consider the many characteristics with low Implications from the Role of the Satellite Broadcasting in the Process of Reunification of Germany are as follows. First, consider the many characteristics with low population density, rugged mountain forest area requires active use satellite broadcasting. Second, the satellite can contribute to the easing of tensions in Northeast Asia. Third, the development of social integration programs for the recovery of national homogeneity is necessary. For this unity should be a clear policy. It is also necessary investment is inclusive rather than economic interests for the cost of unification.

디지털 위성방송 Hybrid 서비스 동향

이한,Lee, Han 대한임베디드공학회 2008 대한임베디드공학회논문지 Vol.3 No.4

In today's Pay TV market, the importance of TPS for Pay TV operators is increasing rapidly. IP Hybrid services are essential for satellite broadcasters. This paper explains the various digital satellite broadcasting service trend, especially IP based hybrid service approach of satellite broadcasters(BskyB, CanalSat, DirecTV, etc.). Also this paper introduces SkyLife IP hybrid business approach to achieve a strong leadership in Pay TV market and related IP convergence market in Korea.

Satellite-Digital Multimedia Broadcasting 단말기용 헤리컬 안테나 설계

이강훈(Kang-hoon Lee),박주남(Ju-nam Park),이영철(Young-chul Rhee) 한국전자통신학회 2009 한국전자통신학회 논문지 Vol.4 No.1

위성-DMB 영상신호를 수신하는 헤리컬 안테나를 설계하였다. 위성-DMB용 헤리컬 안테나의 위상이 0, 90, 180, 270도 급전 되도록 4중실선(Quadrifilar) 형태로 설계함으로서 원형 편파의 특성을 나타내었으며 QHA 안테나의 상단 갭 간격, 턴 수 및 높이를 가변시켜 최적화시켰다. 최종 설계치는 갭 a=2.2mm, Helix 턴 수 b=0.9 턴 및 길이 c=42mm 이고 입력반사 계수는 주파수 2.62GHz에서 약 -5.8dB 정도이며, 상반평면 방사특성과 0.508dB의 축비특성을 나타내었다. 설계된 이중대역 QHA는 위성-DMB 수신 안테나에 적용되고있다. This paper design QHA(quadrifilar helical antenna) to receive efficiently Satellite-Digital Multimedia Broadcasting video signal. It is designed as quadrifilar structure with phase variation 0°, 90°, 180°, 270° to obtain circular polarization. Upper gap, turn number and height of QHA are varied to obtain optimization dimensions. Optimization dimensions are gap=2.2mm, turn number=0.9, height=42mm and input reflection coefficient is approximately -5.8dB. Designed QHA can be applied to Satellite-DMB terminal

SMATV를 위한 MATV/위성 방송 통합형 증폭기 개발에 관한 연구

이진영(Lee, Jin-Young) 한국산학기술학회 2010 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.11 No.12

최근 국내에서는 MATV(Master Antenna Television:텔레비전 공동시청 설비)를 SMATV(Satellite Master Antenna Television)로 개정함에 따라 공동주택의 방송설비는 지상파 방송, FM 라디오 방송과 함께 위성방송을 의무 적으로 통합하여 전송하도록 개정하였다. 국외의 경우 대부분의 나라에서 SMATV가 기본적으로 허용된데 반해 국내 에서는 케이블 방송과 위성방송 서비스 업체간의 이익 분쟁으로 인해 SMATV용 혼합형 증폭기에 대한 기술 개발 및 양산이 미진한 상태에 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 지상파 텔레비전 방송대역(54~806Mhz)과 FM 라디오 방송대역 (88~108Mhz) 뿐만 아니라 위성방송 대역(950~2150Mhz)까지 증폭할 수 있는 광대역 증폭기를 개발하고 그에 따른 문 제점의 해결방안을 제시한다. Recently n Korea, the House of Commons and terrestrial broadcasting facilities integrated with FM radio and the satellite compulsory was amended to transfer MATV(Master Antenna Television) adjusted by SMATV(Satellite Master Antenna Television). While the SMATV was accepted by default in most other countries, our county did not accept it as the default for broadcast. Because domestic cable and satellite television service providers are conflicts with their interest. bAs a result, the hybrid amplifier for SMATV technology development and volume production for the state is insufficient. Therefore, terrestrial television broadcast bands (54 ~ 806Mhz) and FM radio broadcast band (88 ~ 108Mhz) band satellite with (950 ~ 2150Mhz) to amplify the development of a broadband amplifier with subsequent resolution of problems is also presented in this study.

위성방송에 적용 가능한 속성기반 암호전송 알고리즘

이문식,김득수,강순부 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2019 한국인터넷방송통신학회 논문지 Vol.19 No.2

In this paper, we propose an attribute-based broadcast encryption algorithm that can be applied to satellite broadcasting network. The encryption algorithm is a cryptographic method by which a carrier(sender) can transmit contents efficiently and securely to a plurality of legitimate users through satellites. An attribute-based encryption algorithm encrypts contents according to property of contents or a user, In this paper, we combine effectively two algorithms to improve the safety and operability of satellite broadcasting network. That is, it can efficiently transmit ciphertexts to a large number of users, and has an advantage in that decoding can be controlled by combining various attributes. The proposed algorithm reduces the network load by greatly reducing the size of the public key, the private key and the cipher text in terms of efficiency, and the decryption operation amount is reduced by half to enable fast decryption, thereby enhancing the operability of the user. 본 논문에서는 위성방송의 네트워크에 적용 가능한 속성기반 암호전송 알고리즘을 제안하고자 한다. 암호전송 알고 리즘은 위성을 통해 사업자(송신자)가 다수의 정당한 사용자에게 콘텐츠를 효율적이며 안전하게 전송할 수 있는 기법이며, 속성기반 암호 알고리즘은 콘텐츠 또는 사용자가 지닌 속성에 따라 콘텐츠를 암호화하고, 그 속성의 일정 부분을 만족하면 복호화가 가능한 알고리즘으로 본 논문에서는 두 알고리즘의 효율적인 결합을 통해 위성방송 네트워크의 안전성과 운용성을 높인 알고리즘이다. 즉, 다수의 사용자에게 효율적으로 암호문을 전송할 수 있으며, 다양한 속성의 결합으로 복호화를 제어할수 있는 장점을 가진 알고리즘이다. 제안 알고리즘은 효율성 측면에서 공개키, 개인키, 암호문의 크기를 크게 감소시켜 위성 방송의 네트워크 부하를 줄일 수 있으며, 복호화 연산량을 절반으로 줄여 빠른 복호화를 가능하게 함으로서 사용자의 운용성을 높인 특징을 지닌다.