Pre-extraction of Hemicelluloses from Poplar Chips and its Effect on Kraft Pulping

Jiachuan Chen,Tingpeng Jia,Guihua Yang,Ming He 한국펄프·종이공학회 2017 펄프.종이技術 Vol.49 No.2

Hemicelluloses are useful materials for papermaking and other biotechnological applications. Based on the concept of transformation of a chemical pulp mill into an integrated forest biorefinery, hemicelluloses are partially extracted or separated, and the remained substrate (mainly cellulose and lignin) can be further delignified for pulp. In the present work, the parameters of pre-extraction or the effect on pulp properties was investigated. The hot-water extraction and alkaline extraction prior to kraft pulping of poplar were carried out in order to partially extract hemicelluloses. It was found that the hot water extraction can obtain a mass loss of 7.72% at 140℃ for 60 min with a water-to-wood ratio of 6:1, and mass loss of woodchips increased with extraction time and temperature. While in the alkaline extraction, mass loss of woodchips reached 15.20% at 170℃ for 120 min with 3% dosage of NaOH. The concentrations of sugars depolymerized from hemicellulose in extraction liquor increased with the increase of extraction time and temperature. The residual woodchips were subjected to kraft pulping at 165℃ for 60 min with 20% effective alkali, 25% sulfidity and a liquor-to-wood ratio of 4:1. Considering the needs for resulting pulp properties, a temperature of 140℃ and a pre-extraction time of 60 min without NaOH addition were recommended as the optimum pre-extraction in this experiment.

혼합 하드우드 칩으로부터 녹액(Green Liqour)선-펄핑추출 공정에 관한 연구

엄병환 ( Byung Hwan Um ) 한국화학공학회 2013 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.51 No.5

Mixed hardwood chips were pre-pulping extracted with green liquor prior to kraft pulping in order to recover hemicelluloses for use as biofuels. This green liquor solution containing mainly sodium sulfide and sodium carbonate was applied at different alkali charges (expressed as Na2O) of 0, 1, 3, and 5% on dry wood weight. The extractions were performed at 160℃for residence times ranging from about 1-2 h to determine the effect of extraction severity on composition of the pre-pulping extract. The severity of hemicellulose extraction time and green liquor charge controls the concentration of acetic acid and monosaccharide sugars available for downstream processing, the accumulation of degradation products such as organic acids and furans in the extract. As the alkali charge was increased, the amount of acetate side chains on the hemicelluloses and the dissolved lignin in the extract increased but the carbohydrate and sugars in the extract decreased appreciably. Hot water extraction (0% alkali addition) released the greatest amount of carbohydrates, up to 29.80 g/L measured as component sugars, but resulted in the greatest decrease in pulp yield. Meanwhile, pre-pulping extraction with 3% green liquor increased the pulp yield while greatly reducing the component sugars to 7.08 g/L. Fundamental data obtained in this study will allow selection of optimum hemicellulose extraction conditions for integrating the extraction operation into the Kraft pulping process.

Evaluation of the Efficiency of Solvent Systems to Remove Acetic Acid Derived from Pre-pulping Extraction

Seong Jik Park,Joon Kwan Moon,Byung Hwan Um 한국목재공학회 2013 목재공학 Vol.41 No.5

Hemicellulose extract obtained by pre-pulping extraction of woodchips, is very diluted acidic in nature. The major component responsible for this weak acidity is acetic acid, present in levels up to 5~10 g/L. Here, we report an exploratory study on the extract upgrading by reactive solvent extraction of acetic acid as well as ASPEN simulation. In this study, liquid-liquid equilibria for the ternary systems (water + acetic acid + ethyl acetate) were measured at the temperature of 298.15 K and 10 (pH = 2.02), 5 (pH = 2.17), and 1 (pH = 2.48) percent of acetic acid samples were used to carry out liquid-liquid extraction studies using ethyl acetate. In a one-stage batch experiment, 96.0% of acetic acid could be extracted for the solvent when the ratio of organic-to-aqueous phases is 4:1. For simulation results, they were used to estimate the interaction parameters between each of the three compounds of the systems studied for the NRTL and UNIQUAC models. The estimated interaction parameters were successfully used to predict the equilibrium compositions by the two models.

Optimization of Micellar Extraction for the Pre-purification of Paclitaxel from Taxus chinensis

Jeon, Keum-Young,Kim, Jin-Hyun Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengineerin 2007 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.12 No.4

Currently, there are many reports in the literature regarding technological methods for paclitaxel purification. However, there have been few reports on the purification of paclitaxel using a micellar system. This method is based on the transfer of paclitaxel within the crude extract to an aqueous surfactant solution as a micelle, allowing the use of organic solvents to be used for the removal of lipids and non-polar impurities. In this study, we optimized the important process parameters of micellar extraction to obtain a high purity and yield of paclitaxel in a pre-purification step. The optimal surfactant (N-cetylpyridinium chloride, CPC) concentration, initial crude paclitaxel concentration, organic solvents (methyl t-butyl ether/hexane) ratio, extraction temperature, and extraction time were 7.5% (w/v), 16.4 mg/mL, 1.5/1 (v/v), $25^{\circ}C$, and 30 min, respectively. The crude extracts from the liquid-liquid extracts were efficiently pre-purified by micellar extraction, increasing in purity from 6% to over 21%, with a yield of 92%. Overall, the use of micellar extraction in the pre-purification process allowed for rapid and efficient separation of paclitaxel from interfering compounds, and dramatically increased the yield and purity of the crude paclitaxel for subsequent purification steps.

패장초(敗醬草)가 Cationic Bovine Serum Albumin 투여로 유발된 Membranous Nephropathy Mouse Model에 미치는 영향

장선규,조충식,김철중,Chang, Sun-Kyu,Cho, Chung-Sik,Kim, Cheol-Jung 대한한방내과학회 2009 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.30 No.1

Objective : Membranous nephropathy (MN) is one of the most commonest forms of glomerular disease in man and the most frequent cause of the adult idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Some investigators recommend no treatment, while others propose aggressive therapy, including prednisolone plus an immunosupressant such as chlorambucil or cyclophosphamide. But a more effective way to treat MN is not defined yet. This study was to evaluate the effects of Patriniae Radix extract (PRE) on the MN induced by cBSA in mice. Methods : Mice were divided into 4 groups. The first group (normal) was injected with saline. The second group (control) was treated with cBSA (10 mg/kg i.p) only. The third group, named PRE-2S0, was treated with cBSA (10 mg/kg i.p) and PRE (250 mg/kg, p.o). The fourth group, PRE-500, was treated with cBSA (10mg/kg i.p) and PRE (500mg/kg, p.o). After cBSA and PRE treatment for 4 weeks, we measured change of body weight, 24hrs proteinuria, serum albumin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, BUN, creatinine, IgG, IgA, IgM, $TNF-\alpha$, $IL-1\beta$, and $IFN-\gamma$ levels and the mRNA expression of $IFN-\gamma$, IL-6, and IL-10. The morphologic changes of renal glomeruli were also observed with a light microscope and an electron microscope. Results : The levels of 24 hrs proteinuria and serum triglyceride. BUN. IgG. $TNF-\alpha$, and $IL-1\beta$ significantly decreased in both PRE groups, while the level of serum albumin significantly increased in both PRE groups. The mRNA expression of IL-10 in splenocytes considerably increased in both PRE groups. The mRNA expression of $IFN-\gamma$ and IL-6 in splenocytes considerably increased in both PRE group. In histological findings of kidney tissue, thickening of GBM decreased in both PRE groups. Conclusions : The present study suggests that PRE is effective when treating mice with MN induced by cBSA. More clinical data and studies are to be done for efficient application.

프로폴리스 추출물로 제조된 헤어트리트먼트의 활용성에 관한 연구

김영숙 ( Yeong Sook Kim ),고경숙 ( Kyoung Sook Ko ) 한국미용학회 2012 한국미용학회지 Vol.18 No.6

Propolis widely used in the field of beauty to find out whether there is any effect on the hair thioglycolate chemical treatment, permanent wave procedure propolis extract by adding 1.5% propolis extract permanent wave procedure and how to permanent wave treatment1.5% propolis extract treatments added after pre-treatment efficiency, the addition of a permanent wave treatment at wave efficiency, hair thickness, tensile strength and elongation, cuticle observed, ultrastructural study, the rate of amino acid composition was analyzed. As a result, the general treatments containing propolis extract permanent wave treatment than after pre-treatment of the treatments after the addition of propolis extract in a permanent wave treatment hair damage was smaller procedure than the general permanent wave propolis extract was added permanent wave treatment was more effective to reduce hair damage. On the beauty scene as a pre-treatment agent, through this study, the possibility of using propolis, your hair can minimize the damage to the customer`s basic data is presented.

시료 중 잔류 항생제 분석 방법: I. 고상 시료 전처리 방법

김찬식 ( Chansik Kim ),류홍덕 ( Hong-duck Ryu ),정유진 ( Eu Gene Chung ),김용석 ( Yongseok Kim ),류덕희 ( Doug Hee Rhew ) 한국물환경학회 2016 한국물환경학회지 Vol.32 No.6

Korea is one of the countries with a large market of veterinary antibiotics, although antimicrobial resistance in bacteria is becoming a serious issue in many countries. Korean government started to be interested in estimation of effects of livestock manure on rivers and agricultural soils and in monitoring heavy metals, organic pollutants and antibiotics in the water and soil samples. In this paper, pre-treatment methods to separate the selected antibiotics from the solid samples were reviewed. It is essential to select an efficient and proper procedure for the pre-treatment due to the high portion of proteins and organics in biosolid samples. The pre-treatment consists of extraction followed by clean-up. Initially, homogenized samples were extracted by sonication, mechanical agitation or pressurized liquid extraction with methanol/acetonitrile/water mixture under acidic/base depending on compounds. However, aminoglycosides and colistin were extracted with 5% trichloroacetic acid and HCl, respectively. Since the β-lactams are easily decomposed in acidic and basic condition, these were extracted in neutral pH. Filtration with membrane (pore size, 0.2 μm) or solid phase extraction with HLB and methanol, as eluent, were normally applied for the clean-up. More than three pre-treatment procedures should be adopted to screen all the selected antibiotics in solid samples.

확률적 교차 연산을 이용한 보편적 관계 추출

이제승 ( Je-seung Lee ),김재훈 ( Jae-hoon Kim ) 한국정보처리학회 2023 정보처리학회논문지. 소프트웨어 및 데이터 공학 Vol.12 No.8

Relation extraction is to extract relationships between named entities from text. Traditionally, relation extraction methods only extract relations between predetermined subject and object entities. However, in end-to-end relation extraction, all possible relations must be extracted by considering the positions of the subject and object for each pair of entities, and so this method uses time and resources inefficiently. To alleviate this problem, this paper proposes a method that sets directions based on the positions of the subject and object, and extracts relations according to the directions. The proposed method utilizes existing relation extraction data to generate direction labels indicating the direction in which the subject points to the object in the sentence, adds entity position tokens and entity type to sentences to predict the directions using a pre-trained language model (KLUE-RoBERTa-base, RoBERTa-base), and generates representations of subject and object entities through probabilistic crossover operation. Then, we make use of these representations to extract relations. Experimental results show that the proposed model performs about 3 ~ 4%p better than a method for predicting integrated labels. In addition, when learning Korean and English data using the proposed model, the performance was 1.7%p higher in English than in Korean due to the number of data and language disorder and the values of the parameters that produce the best performance were different. By excluding the number of directional cases, the proposed model can reduce the waste of resources in end-to-end relation extraction.

An integrated strategy for extraction and pre-concentration of four astragalosides from Radix Astragali by a formulated surfactant aqueous system

Suixin Wang,Jiao Jiao,Xinyu Wang,Qingyan Gai,Ping Kou,Wenjing Xu,Meng Luo,Chunjian Zhao,Yu-Jie Fu 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.70 No.-

Integrated and environmentally friendly methods for extraction and enrichment of natural products havegained increasing interests. The proposed preparation process provides the possibility that extractionand pre-concentration for astragalosides from Radix Astragali roots can be conducted with the surfactantaqueous system in one single procedure. The formulated surfactant system composing of 2% TX-114 assurfactant and 0.03% (w/v) of Gemini 16-5-16 as co-surfactant showed higher extraction efficiency withultrasonic-assisted method and four astragalosides could be enriched by the cloud point phenomenon ofsurfactant. This work represents a valuable alternative for the eco-friendly extraction and enrichment ofsecondary metabolites from plants.

반하(半夏)가 스트레스로 인한 생쥐의 뇌조직 유전자변화에 미치는 영향 연구

정종효 ( Jong Hyo Jeong ),조수인 ( Su In Cho ),송영길 ( Young Gil Song ),김하나 ( Ha Na Kim ),김경옥 ( Kyeong Ok Kim ) 대한한방신경정신과학회 2014 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.26 No.1

Objectives: Pinelliae Rhizoma has traditionally been used as an anti-depressant in oriental medicine. This study is to investigate the effect of Pinelliae Rhizoma extract (PRe) on psychological stress in genome wild expression of mice. Methods: After giving physical stress to mice, PRe was orally administered with 100 mg/kg/day for five days. After extracting whole brain tissue from the mice, their genome changes were observed by micorarray analysis method. The genome changes were analyzed by IMAGENE 4.0, TREEVIEW, FatiGo algorithems, BOND database, cytoscape program, etc. Results: 1. PRe administered group were remained at normal level; 60% of increase was shown in expressed genes by physical stress, and 65% of decrease was shown in expressed genes by psychological stress. 2. Genes with increased expression in control group that remained at a normal state in PRe administered group were involved with the gene of a cellular metabolic process on biological process, protein binding on molecular function, and cell part on cell composition. The pathway was found to be cytokin-cytokin receptor interaction. 3. Genes with decreased expression in control group that remained at a normal state in PRe administered group were involved with the gene of a cellular metabolic process on biologiacl detail and coupled ATPaes activity on molecular function. This gene related path was Ubiquintin mediated proteolysis etc. 4. Core node genes analyzed by protein interaction network were Vinculin, Cell sdivision cycle 42 homolog (S. cerevisiae) etc. They played an important role in maintaining cytoskeleton and controlling cell cycle. Conclusions: Several genes were up-regulated and down-regulated in response to psychological stress. The expression of most of the genes that were altered in response to psychological stress was restored to normal levels in PRe treated mice. When the interaction network information was analyzed, the recovery of the core node genes in PRe treated mice indicates that this final set of genes may be the effective target of PRe.