초등학생이 경험하는 긍정․부정정서와 긍정심리특성의 관계에서 자기실현 중심 행복신념의 조절효과

강금주 ( Kang Keum-joo ),신현숙 ( Shin Hyeon-sook ) 한국아동교육학회 2020 아동교육 Vol.29 No.3

긍정정서를 적게 경험하고 부정정서를 많이 경험하는 모든 아동들이 긍정적 학교경험의 기반이 되는 긍정심리특성(감사, 열정, 낙관성, 끈기)의 부족을 보이는 것은 아니다. 이 연구의 목적은 초등학교 아동들이 경험하고 있는 긍정정서와 부정정서가 각각 긍정심리특성에 미치는 영향을 자기실현 중심 행복신념이 조절하는지를 검증하는 데 있다. 이를 위하여 G광역시 소재 초등학교에 재학 중인 5, 6학년 학생 394명으로부터 자기보고식 설문 자료를 수집하였다. 구조방정식모형 분석을 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 긍정정서와 긍정심리특성의 관계에서 자기실현 중심 행복신념의 조절효과가 유의하였다. 자기실현 중심 행복신념의 수준이 낮은 집단보다 높은 집단에서 긍정정서와 긍정심리특성의 정적 관계가 더 높았다. 둘째, 부정정서와 긍정심리특성의 관계에서 자기실현 중심 행복신념의 조절효과도 유의하였다. 자기실현 중심 행복신념이 낮은 집단에 비해 높은 집단에서 부정정서와 긍정심리특성의 부적 관계가 더 높았다. 이러한 결과는 초등학교 아동들의 자기실현 중심 행복신념이 긍정정서와 상호작용하여 긍정심리특성을 증진시키는 심리적 자산으로 작용하고, 부정정서와 상호작용해서는 긍정심리특성에 대한 부정정서의 부정적 영향을 완충하는 보호요인으로 작용할 가능성을 시사한다. 그러므로 긍정정서를 적게 경험하거나 부정정서를 많이 경험하고 있는 아동들이 긍정심리특성을 갖도록 돕기 위한 개입에서는 아동들이 행복한 삶을 위해 무엇이 중요하다고 생각하는지 살펴보고 자기실현 중심 행복신념을 가지도록 격려할 필요가 있다. 끝으로, 이 연구의 결과가 가지는 시사점과 연구의 제한점 및 후속연구를 위한 주제를 제안하였다. The literature has shown that not all of the children experiencing less positive affects or more negative affects lack positive psychological traits (i.e., gratitude, zest, optimism, persistence) that are conducive to positive school experiences. The purpose of this study was to test moderating effects of self-actualization-centered happiness beliefs on the relation of positive and negative affect to positive psychological traits. Self-report questionnaire data were collected from 394 fifth and sixth graders in G city. The results of the structural equation modeling analysis are as follows. First, the moderating effect of self-actualization-centered happiness beliefs on the relation between positive affect and positive psychological traits was significant. The positive relation of positive affect to positive psychological traits is stronger in the high self-actualization-centered happiness beliefs group than in the low group. Second, the moderating effect of self-actualization-centered happiness beliefs was also significant in the relation between negative affect and positive psychological traits. The negative relation of negative affect to positive psychological traits was stronger in the high self-actualization-centered happiness beliefs group than in the low group. These results indicate that children's self-actualization-centered happiness beliefs may serve as psychological assets for enhancing positive psychological traits by interacting with positive affects, and those beliefs also may serve as buffers (i.e., protective factors) against the negative effect of negative affect on positive psychological traits. School-based interventions targeting self-actualization-centered happiness beliefs would be beneficial for increasing positive psychological traits among elementary school students who are less likely to experience positive affect or more likely to experience negative affect. Finally, implications of the results, limitations of this study, and suggestions for further research were discussed.

사회적 긍정정서와 친화성이 조망수용과 긍정적 대처에 미치는 영향

심서영 ( Olivia S. Sim ),손영우 ( Young Woo Sohn ) 한국감성과학회 2013 감성과학 Vol.16 No.4

Common theories of affect underscore valence and arousal dimensions or specific emotion. However, given the role of affect in transacting social behavior, sociality may determine the subjective experience and interpersonal response to positive stimuli. The current study examined the relationships between social positive affect and perspective taking as well as positive coping. One potential moderating effect of agreeableness on these relations was also examined. In two experiments, film segments induced socially and non-socially generated positive affects. We hypothesized and found that positive affect associated with sociality would enhance perspective taking ability and positive coping, while non-social positive affect would not. Moreover, these effects varied as a function of the level of agreeableness. These findings suggest that the social/non-social dimension influenced which positive affects elicited perspective taking and positive coping, which could not be explained by differences in subjective emotional valence or arousal. Taken together, these findings have important implications, as they point toward a previously overlooked relation linking sociality to positive affect.

긍정 및 부정 정서가 남녀 고등학생의 폭식행동에 미치는 영향: 다차원적 충동성(UPPS-P)의 조절효과

변지애,이주영 한국임상심리학회 2016 Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol.35 No.4

This study examined the moderating effects of impulsivity based on the UPPS-P model in the relationship between positive, negative affect and binge eating behavior of Korean high school students. A total 284 students in the first and second grades of five high schools in Seoul participated. First, there was no gender difference in binge eating behavior. The lack of premeditation and the lack of perseverance were significantly higher in girls while sensation seeking, positive urgency and positive affect were significantly higher in boys. Second, there were no correlations among positive/negative affect and binge eating behavior in boys, while girls had significant positive correlations among positive/negative affect, impulsivity, and binge eating behavior. Finally, the lack of perseverance moderated the relationship between positive affect and binge eating behavior in boys, while positive urgency and negative urgency moderated the relationship between positive affect and binge eating behavior in girls. However, none of the five sub-factors of impulsivity moderated the relationship between negative affect and binge eating behavior in both boys and girls. The implications and limitations of this study were further discussed.

긍정 정서에 대한 반응과 긍정적인 생활 사건이 우울 증상에 미치는 영향 - 대학생 집단을 중심으로-

정나래,김은정 한국인지행동치료학회 2019 인지행동치료 Vol.19 No.1

Depression is mental disorder that is characterized by decreased positivity. This study investigated whether responses to positive affect influence depression, and interact with positive life events. College students(n=448) were taken to self report assessment for responses to positive affect, emotion clarity, negative rumination, positive and negative life events, depression. As a result, dampening significantly influenced depression, but there were no interaction effects with positive life event. Positive rumination influenced depression, moreover there were three-way interaction effects including emotional clarity and positive life events as moderator variable. And negative rumination significantly influences depression, but there were no interaction effects with negative life events. This results suggest that the responses to positive affect influences depression, and partially interacts with positive life events as stressor. Finally, implications, limitations of the study, and future research options were discussed. 우울증은 긍정성의 감소를 특정적인 요인으로 갖는 대표적인 정신장애이다. 본 연구는 대학생들을 대상으로 우울증의 정서 조절 기제인 긍정 정서 반응이 우울을 설명하는지를, 그리고 긍정 정서 반응과 생활 사건이 상호작용하여 우울을 설명하는지를 검증하였다. 대학생 448명을 대상으로 긍정 정서 반응, 정서 인식 명확성, 부정 반추, 생활사건, 우울을 자기 보고식 질문지로 측정하였다. 연구 결과, 우선 긍정 정서에 대한 반응의 하위 요인 중 가라앉히기(dampening)는 우울 증상에 유의미한 수준으로 정적인 영향을 끼치는 것으로 나타났으나 긍정 생활 사건과의 조절 효과는 나타나지 않았다. 또한 긍정 반추는 유의미하게 우울 증상에 부적인 영향을 끼치는 것으로 나타났으나, 정서 인식 명확성과의 조절 효과는 나타나지 않았다. 다만, 긍정 반추와 우울 증상과의 관계에서 정서 인식 명확성과 긍정 생활 사건의 조절 효과가 나타났다. 긍정적인 생활 경험이 적을 때, 긍정 반추가 높은 사람들은 긍정 반추가 낮은 사람들에 비해 정서 인식 명확성이 높을수록 우울 증상을 훨씬 덜 경험하는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 긍정 생활 사건이 많을 때, 긍정 반추와 정서 인식 명확성의 정도에 따른 우울의 변화가 유의미하게 나타나지 않았다. 또한 부정 반추는 우울 증상에 유의미한 수준으로 정적인 영향을 끼쳤으며, 부정 생활 사건과의 조절 효과는 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구 결과는 긍정 정서에 대한 반응 즉, 가라앉히기 및 긍정 반추가 대학생의 우울 증상에 각각 정적 및 부적 영향을 끼치며, 생활 사건이라는 스트레스 요인이 이들과의 관계에서 부분적으로 상호작용을 할 수 있다는 것을 시사한다. 마지막으로 연구의 의의와 제한점을 논의하였다.

임상간호사의 간호업무성과 모형의 경로분석: 긍정정서사건을 중심으로

정영희,이윤정,박문경 대한산업경영학회 2023 산업융합연구 Vol.21 No.4

The aim of this study is to verify the relationships of factors affecting nursing performance of clinical nurses focused on positive affective events. The subjects of this study were 275 clinical nurses from secondary and tertiary general hospitals. Data collection was conducted for two months from May 2021 through an online survey through snowball sampling. Data analyzed was using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 26.0. The variables affecting job satisfaction included direct effect of positive affective events (β=.65, p <.001), and direct effect of positive affectivity (β=.10, p =.038). Job satisfaction (β=.47, p <.001) had statistically significant direct effects on nursing performance. Positive affective events (β=.32, p =.003) and positive affectivity (β=.05, p =.039) had statistically significant indirect effects on nursing performance. These variables explained for 22% of nursing performance. However, emotional labor had no significant effect on job satisfaction and nursing performance. The results indicate that positive affective events and positive affectivity result in high degree of job satisfaction. Job satisfaction would increase the level of nursing performance. Therefore, in order to improve nursing performance, it is necessary to provide educational opportunities and interventions that can promote positive work environment and positive affectivity. 본 연구는 긍정정서사건을 중심으로 임상간호사의 간호업무성과에 영향을 미치는 요인들의 관계를 검증하는 것이다. 연구대상자는 2차 및 3차 종합병원의 간호사 275명이다. 자료수집은 눈덩이 표집을 통한 온라인 설문조사로 2021년 5월부터 두 달간 이루어졌다. 수집된 자료의 분석은 SPSS 26.0과 AMOS 26.0을 사용하였다. 연구 결과, 긍정정서사건(β=.65, p <.001)과 긍정정서(β=.10, p =.038)는 직무만족에 직접효과가 있었고 직무만족은 간호업무성과에 유의한 직접효과가 있었다(β=.47, p <.001). 긍정정서사건(β=.32, p =.003)과 긍정정서(β=.05, p =.039)는 간호업무성과에 유의한 간접효과가 있었으며 이는 간호업무성과에 대해 22%의 설명력을 가졌다. 하지만 감정노동은 유의한 효과가 없었다. 긍정정서사건과 긍정정서는 직무만족 증진으로 이어지며 간호업무성과 수준을 높이게 된다. 따라서 간호업무성과 향상을 위해서는 긍정적인 작업환경조성과 긍정정서를 촉진할 수 있는 교육기회와 중재마련이 필요하다.

아동용 정서경험척도의 신뢰도 및 타당도 검증: 긍정적 정서와 부정적 정서를 중심으로

이은경,이양희 한국심리학회 산하 한국발달심리학회 2006 한국심리학회지 발달 Vol.19 No.4

The purpose of this study was two-fold. The first purpose was to construct the Children’s Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale (CPANAS). For this purpose 141 preliminary terms were administered to 724 children in grades 5 through 6. The participants were asked to rate on a 4-point scale the extent to which they had recently experienced each emotion state. The data were analyzed using multiple regression, factor analyses. Result of the exploratory factor analysis supported a two-factor structure: Negative Affect, Positive Affect. Children’s Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale was constructed with the 57 emotion terms including 24 terms for Positive Affect and 33 terms for Negative Affect. The second purpose was to check reliability and validity of the constructed scale. In order to do this, test-retest reliability, internal consistency and concurrent validity checks were conducted. The same test was administered in two weeks. Test-retest reliability was .64(Pearson’s r), with sub-scale reliability for positive affect and negative affect being .76 and .83 respectively. Internal consistency for the entire 57 items was .98(Cronbach’s α), with .97 for positive affect and .98 for negative affect. The scale was compared with K-CDI to test for concurrent validity and proved to be -.74 with positive affect and .68 with negative affect. Virtually all relationships between Children’s Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale and K-CDI supported the validity of Children’s Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale. 본 연구는 아동들을 대상으로 한국의 특수한 문화와 정서에서 쓰이는 용어들을 추출하여 일상생활에서 경험하는 긍정적 정서와 부정적 정서를 함께 측정할 수 있는 아동용 정서경험척도를 개발하여 그 구성된 척도의 신뢰도 및 타당도를 검증하고자 하는데 그 목적이 있다. 일차적으로 정서 용어를 선정하기 위하여 예비연구가 실시되었으며, 예비연구에서 선정된 141개의 용어가 본 연구에 사용되었다. 예비조사를 실시한 후, 만 10~12세 남녀 초등학생 724명을 대상으로 본 조사를 실시하였다. 우선, 한국 아동들이 일상에서 자주 경험하지 않는다고 판단된 용어 48개가 분석에서 제외되었으며, 회귀분석을 통하여 구해진 R2가 1에 가까운 변수로 30개의 용어가 의미상 중복된다고 판단되어 분석에서 탈락되었다. 탐색적 요인분석 결과, 부정적 정서와 긍정적 정서로 2요인이 추출되었으며 최종 57개의 정서 용어들로 정서경험척도를 구성하였다. 2주 간격으로 실시한 정서경험척도의 검사-재검사 신뢰도는 .64(Pearson’s r)였으며, 긍정적 정서, 부정적 정서 각 하위 요인별 검사-재검사 신뢰도는 각각 .76, .83으로서 높은 신뢰도를 나타냈다. 57문항 전체의 내적일치도는 Cronbach’s α=.98이었으며, 긍정적 정서, 부정적 정서 각 하위 요인별 내적 일치도는 .97, .98로서 심리측정적으로 매우 양호한 구성타당도를 나타냈다. 소아우울척도(K-CDI)와의 상관분석 결과, 긍정적 정서와는 -.74, 부정적 정서와는 .68의 양호한 상관을 보여 적절한 공인 타당도를 나타냈다. 마지막으로 정서경험에서의 성별 및 학년별 차이를 알아 본 결과, 긍정적 정서와 부정적 정서의 성별차이는 모두 유의미하였으며(F=5.63, p<.05, F=14.69, p<.001), 학년차이는 부정적 정서만이 유의미하였다(F=9.31, p<.01).

보상민감성과 긍정생활사건이무쾌감증에 미치는 영향: 긍정정서반응양식의 조절된 매개효과

정서현,장혜인 한국건강심리학회 2020 한국심리학회지 건강 Vol.25 No.1

The present study investigated the mechanisms by which reward sensitivity may predict anhedonic depression. Specifically, we hypothesized that this association would be mediated by positive daily life events and moderated by individuals’ responses to positive affect. Participants included 227 undergraduate students who completed a set of self-report questionnaires on reward sensitivity, positive daily life events, responses to positive affect(positive rumination and dampening) and anhedonic depression. The data were analyzed by a moderated mediation model using SPSS Macro. The results were as follows: first, positive daily life events partially mediated the relationship between reward sensitivity and anhedonic depression. Second, positive rumination, a type of response to positive affect, moderated the association between positive daily life events and anhedonic depression. However, dampening, the other type of response to positive affect, did not demonstrate any significant moderation effects. Third, the moderated mediating effect of positive rumination on the relationship between reward sensitivity, positive daily life events, and anhedonic depression was also supported. Theoretical and practical implications as well as the limitations of the study are discussed. 본 연구에서는 보상민감성, 긍정생활사건, 긍정정서반응양식이 무쾌감증에 영향을 미치는 경로를 살펴보기 위해 조절된 매개효과 모형을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 227명의 대학생(남성 81명, 여성 146명)들을 대상으로 보상민감성, 긍정생활사건, 긍정정서반응양식(긍정반추, 가라앉히기), 무쾌감증을 자기보고 설문지로 측정하였으며 SPSS Macro를 사용하여 자료를 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 보상민감성과 무쾌감증 간의 관계를 긍정생활사건이 부분매개 하였다. 둘째, 긍정생활사건과 무쾌감증 간의 관계를 긍정정서반응양식 중 가라앉히기는 조절하지 않았으나, 긍정반추는 조절하는 것으로 나타났다. 구체적으로, 긍정반추를 많이 사용할수록 긍정생활사건이 무쾌감증을 부적으로 예측하는 정도가 더 커지는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 조절된 매개효과 모형에서 보상민감성과 무쾌감증 간의 관계에서 긍정생활사건의 매개효과는 긍정반추를 많이 사용할수록 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 개인 내적, 외적 요인이 무쾌감증에 영향을 미치는 기제에 대한 이론적 함의와 고위험군 선별 및 개입 표적에 대한 임상적 시사점을 논의하였다.

변혁적 리더십이 직무만족과 직무소외에 미치는 영향: 정서의 매개효과

강찬희(Chan-Hui Kang) 한국무역연구원 2019 무역연구 Vol.15 No.1

The main purposes of this study are to examine the effects of transformational leadership on job attitude (such as job satisfaction and job alienation) of organizational members and the mediating effect of affect(that is, positive affect and negative affect) on transformational leadership and job attitude (specifically, job satisfaction, job alienation). For this study, the sample consisted of 533 civil servants and used AMOS 19.0 statistical package in analysis. The results of analysis are as follows. First, there is a positive effect of transformational leadership on positive affect and a negative effect on negative affect. Second, there is a positive effect of transformational leadership to job satisfaction and a negative effect to job alienation. Third, there is a positive effect of positive affect on job satisfaction and a negative effect on job alienation. There is a negative effect of negative affect on job satisfaction and a positive effect on job alienation. Last, there is a mediating effect of affect (e.g. positive affect, negative affect) between transformational leadership and job attitude (e.g. job satisfaction, job alienation) of organizational members. These study results imply that transformational leadership can heighten positive affect and improve the job attitude of organizational members. Based on these study results, we suggested the need for further discussion amidst research limitations for effective human resource management.

카리스마적 리더십과 팀 혁신행동 및 주관적 팀 성과 간의 관계들에 대한 팀 효능감과 팀 긍정정서의 매개효과

홍계훈(Gye Hoon Hong),이수정(Soo Jung Lee) 한국경영학회 2013 經營學硏究 Vol.42 No.1

In this study, we aim to investigate the relationship between charismatic leadership and team effectiveness(team innovative behavior and subjective team performance). Most previous studies have revolved around the cognitive side of this relationship and have suggested variables such as trust or efficacy as possible mediating variables of this relationship. We, however, believe that both cognitive and affective sides should be incorporated in order to understand the relationship between charismatic leadership and team effectiveness fully. Therefore, we propose that team efficacy and team positive affect are the two mediators between charismatic leadership and team effectiveness. Specifically, we predict that charismatic leadership positively relates both team efficacy and team positive affect. We also expect that both team efficacy and team positive affect, in turn, positively relate team innovative behavior and subjective team performance. In addition, we predict that team efficacy positively relates team positive affect. To investigate these hypotheses, we used data from survey questionnaires, which were completed from 109 teams including 1378 employees in two Korean firms. 44% of respondents were male, the average age of participants was 31.54 years( SD=12.5), and the average tenure in their current team was 54.27 months( SD=64.90). Level of analysis was a team level. We used structural equation modeling to analysis the data. The results showed that charismatic leadership positively related with team efficacy and teampositive affect. While teamefficacy significantly and positively related to the teaminnovative behavior, it did not relate with subjective team performance. Conversely, team positive affect significantly related with subjective team performance while it did not relate to the team innovative behavior. That is, team efficacy played the role of full mediator in the relationship between charismatic leadership and team innovative behavior while team positive affect fully mediated the relationship between charismatic leadership and subjective team performance. We also found that team efficacy positively and significantly related team positive affect. The followings are the implications. First, we contributed to better understanding of the relationship between charismatic leadership and team effectiveness considering both cognitive and affective mediators. Second, we explored the internal mechanism how charismatic leadership can influence team effectiveness using team-level analysis. Lastly, we showed that team positive affect can be triggered by not only charismatic leadership but also team`s efficacy.

긍정정서 억제와 주관적 안녕감의 관계에서 자기해석 양식의 조절효과

김효선,이희경 학습자중심교과교육학회 2022 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.22 No.10

Objectives This study examined the moderating effect of self-construal style on the relations between dampening of positive affect and subjective well-being. Methods 384 College students participated in completing the surveys, which used Responses to Positive Affect, Self - Construal Scale(Independent/Relational-Interdependent), Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule, Satisfaction With Life Scale to measure the variables. This data was used for descriptive statistics, correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis using the SPSS program. Results Dampening of positive affect showed a significant negative correlation with independent self-construal style, subjective well-being. And self-construal style showed a significant positive correlation with subjective well-being. Dampening of positive affect have a a significant influence on subjective well-being. And it has been demonstrated that relational-interdependent self-construal style have a moderating effect on the relationship between dampening of positive affect and subjective well-being. Conclusions In groups with low relational-interdependent self-construal style, subjective well-being decreased with the increase of dampening of positive affect. However, in groups with high relational-interdependent self-construal style, subjective well-being had hardly decrease even as dampening of positive affect increased. Findings in this study indicated that the level of relational-interdependent self-construal style should be considered in interpreting the relation between dampening of positive affect and subjective well-being. 목적 본 연구에서는 긍정정서 억제가 주관적 안녕감에 미치는 영향을 알아보고, 그 관계에 대한 자기해석 양식의 조절효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 방법 대학생 384명을 대상으로 설문을 실시하였으며, 긍정정서 반응, 독립적 자기해석 양식, 관계적-상호의존적 자기해석 양식, 정적감정과 부적감정 척도, 삶의 만족도를 측정도구로 사용하였다. 자료 분석은 SPSS 프로그램을 활용하였고, 기술통계 및 상관관계, 그리고 위계적 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 결과 긍정정서 억제는 주관적 안녕감, 독립적 자기해석 양식과 유의한 부적 관계를 나타냈고, 자기해석 양식은 주관적 안녕감과 정적 관계를 나타냈다. 또한 긍정정서 억제는 주관적 안녕감에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 이들의 관계에서 자기해석 양식중 관계적-상호의존적 자기해석 양식의 조절효과가 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 결론 관계적-상호의존적 자기해석 양식이 낮은 집단은 긍정정서를 억제할수록 주관적 안녕감이 감소하지만, 관계적-상호의존적자기해석 양식이 높은 집단은 긍정정서를 억제하더라도 주관적 안녕감이 거의 감소하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 긍정정서 억제와 주관적 안녕감의 관계에서 관계적-상호의존적 자기해석 양식 수준을 고려할 필요가 있음을 시사한다.