우리나라 단동 비닐하우스와 북미지역 하이터널의 비교

남상운(Sang-Woon Nam),아렌드잰보스(Arend-Jan Both) 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2011 농업과학연구 Vol.38 No.3

Structural characteristics for standard models of single-span plastic greenhouse in Korea and high tunnels in North America were analyzed, and comparative analysis for greenhouse environments measuring in Korean farmhouse and Rutgers high tunnel was carried out to find structural and environmental improvements of single-span plastic greenhouses that occupy most of Korean greenhouse. Widths of high tunnels are similar to single-span plastic greenhouses but their heights are high comparatively and their side heights are fairly higher than single-span plastic greenhouses specially. Rafters, which are main frames, section sizes of high tunnels are bigger and their intervals are wider than single-span plastic greenhouses. Relative bending resistances compared with representative Korean greenhouse were analyzed by 0.92 to 1.42 in single-span plastic greenhouses, and 1.38 to 2.96 in high tunnels. Frame ratios of single-span plastic greenhouses were 6.8 to 8.6%, and those of high tunnels were 5.5 to 8.7%. We analyzed air temperatures and solar radiations measured in single-span plastic greenhouse and high tunnel on clear days in late March. There were outside temperatures in generally similar range, and judging by rise of indoor temperatures, ventilation performance of high tunnel is more excellent than single-span plastic greenhouse. Solar radiations of two areas were no big difference but light transmittance of high tunnel was a little bit higher than single-span plastic greenhouse. Single-span plastic greenhouses are disadvantageous in environmental managements such as ventilation performance and light transmittance because distance between greenhouses is too narrow and length of greenhouse is too long compared to high tunnels. To get the environmental improvement effects as well as to increase the structural resistance of single-span plastic greenhouses are achievable by widening the width of greenhouse in possible range, widening the space between rafters, and enlarging the section size of rafters. Also, we need to secure enough distance between greenhouses and to restrict the length of greenhouse by maximum 50 m in order to improve the ventilation performance and the light transmittance.

2017년도 온실설계기준(안)에 따른 제주지역 비닐하우스의 내재해성 평가

고동우 한국농촌건축학회 2020 농촌건축 : 한국농촌건축학회논문집 Vol.22 No.1

As the number of plastic greenhouses has increased in Korea, the damage from typhoons and snow has also increased. Structural design codes for a disaster-resistant plastic greenhouse have been revised over the last few decades. In particular, the revised code draft in 2017 have changed in many ways compared to the 1995 code. Nevertheless, There is no study of the effect of new design code on plastic greenhouse. Therefore, this study evaluated the safety of plastic greenhouse against wind load according to 1995 and 2017 codes for type 1 houses, which is most commonly built in Jeju, through comparing the analytical results of plastic greenhouses designed by 1995 code and 2017 code draft. The results are as follows. (1) The uplift load due to the negative pressure on the roof of the plastic greenhouse increased significantly in 2017 code draft. (2) Since the existing members could not meet the design requirements, the rafters had to be replaced with members of the same cross-section as the columns. (3) Due to excessive lifting, measures were also needed to prevent lifting at the foundation of the plastic greenhouse.

Soil Physico-chemical Properties of Organic Grapes Farms with Different Culture Facilities and Soil Management Practices

Sun-Kook Kim(김선국),Byeong-Sam Kim(김병삼),Beom-Ryong Kang(강범룡),Seung-Koo Yang(양승구),Byeong-Ho Kim(김병호),Hee-Kwon Kim(김희권),Hyun-Woo Kim(김현우),Kyeong-Ju Choi(최경주) 한국토양비료학회 2013 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.46 No.5

Organic grape was generally produced in rainshield or plastic greenhouse culture while most of fruits were produced in open field. But little attention has been given to soil properties with different culture facilities in organic grape cultivation. This study was conducted to investigate soil physico-chemical properties of organic grapes farms with different culture facilities and soil management practices. Organic fertilizer was main resource to manage soil at organic grapes farms. Organic grapes farms were applied with total amount of organic fertilizer at one time, either at basal or additional fertilization, whereas conventional grapes farms applied with split fertilization. Bulk density and penetration resistance of soil were lower at both rainshield and green manure-applied plastic greenhouse cultures than those at clean plastic greenhouse culture. Especially, in plastic greenhouse, sod culture with natural weed after green manure application was more effective than general sod culture in improving physical properties of the rhizosphere. The contents of organic matter, available phosphate and exchangeable potassium tended to increase in the soils applied with green manure, and the difference of soil chemical properties were significant between rainshield and plastic greenhouse cultures. The optimum soil management was required in plastic greenhouse because pH, available phosphate and exchangeable cations reached over optimum range. Consequently, the ground cover management is the key factor to affect the chemical properties as well as soil physical properties extensively in plastic greenhouse. It is found that sod culture with natural weed after green manure application resulted in enhancement of utilization efficiency of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium in soil in comparison with general sod culture.

Soil Physico-chemical Properties of Organic Grapes Farms with Different Culture Facilities and Soil Management Practices

김선국,김병삼,강범룡,양승구,김병호,김희권,김현우,최경주 한국토양비료학회 2013 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.46 No.5

Organic grape was generally produced in rainshield or plastic greenhouse culture while most of fruits were produced in open field. But little attention has been given to soil properties with different culture facilities in organic grape cultivation. This study was conducted to investigate soil physico-chemical properties of organic grapes farms with different culture facilities and soil management practices. Organic fertilizer was main resource to manage soil at organic grapes farms. Organic grapes farms were applied with total amount of organic fertilizer at one time, either at basal or additional fertilization, whereas conventional grapes farms applied with split fertilization. Bulk density and penetration resistance of soil were lower at both rainshield and green manure-applied plastic greenhouse cultures than those at clean plastic greenhouse culture. Especially,in plastic greenhouse, sod culture with natural weed after green manure application was more effective than general sod culture in improving physical properties of the rhizosphere. The contents of organic matter,available phosphate and exchangeable potassium tended to increase in the soils applied with green manure,and the difference of soil chemical properties were significant between rainshield and plastic greenhouse cultures. The optimum soil management was required in plastic greenhouse because pH, available phosphate and exchangeable cations reached over optimum range. Consequently, the ground cover management is the key factor to affect the chemical properties as well as soil physical properties extensively in plastic greenhouse. It is found that sod culture with natural weed after green manure application resulted in enhancement of utilization efficiency of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium in soil in comparison with general sod culture.

농업용 비닐하우스 필름개발을 위한 최적가공조건 선정에 관한 연구

최형산,이재원,조용욱,강지호,박명규 한국경영공학회 2008 한국경영공학회지 Vol.13 No.2

According to the crops cultivation for agricultural plastic greenhouse film was developed, they are endeavoring to possess high effectiveness and ability of agriculture film for quick harvest. it was that optical property and mechanical property of film are made by the film extruder for bio agricultural plastic greenhouse. they depend on physical properties of resin and vary change of processing condition. Therefore we have determined the optimal levels in order to product the highest degree of bio agricultural plastic greenhouse film. The Robust Design method uses a mathematical tool called orthogonal arrays to study a large number of decision variables with a small number of experiments. It also uses a new measure of quality, called signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, to predict the quality from the customer's perspective. Thus, we have taken Taguchi's parameter design approach, specifically orthogonal array, and determined the optimal levels of the selected variables through analysis of the experimental results using S/N ratio. According to the crops cultivation for agricultural plastic greenhouse film was developed, they are endeavoring to possess high effectiveness and ability of agriculture film for quick harvest. it was that optical property and mechanical property of film are made by the film extruder for bio agricultural plastic greenhouse. they depend on physical properties of resin and vary change of processing condition. Therefore we have determined the optimal levels in order to product the highest degree of bio agricultural plastic greenhouse film. The Robust Design method uses a mathematical tool called orthogonal arrays to study a large number of decision variables with a small number of experiments. It also uses a new measure of quality, called signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, to predict the quality from the customer's perspective. Thus, we have taken Taguchi's parameter design approach, specifically orthogonal array, and determined the optimal levels of the selected variables through analysis of the experimental results using S/N ratio.

이중피복 온실의 피복방법과 환경조절에 따른 온습도 및 광합성유효광량자속 분포 특성

이현우(Hyun-Woo Lee),심상연(Sang-Youn Sim),김영식(Young-Shik Kim) (사)한국생물환경조절학회 2012 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.21 No.1

관행 이중피복온실과 공기주입 이중피복온실에 대하여 보온, 난방, 환기, 냉방 등 환경조절에 따른 온실내부의 환경변화를 연중 측정하여 온습도 및 광환경 분포특성을 비교분석함으로서 기존 온실의 환경을 개선할 수 있는 방안을 제시하기 위해 수행한 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 겨울철 야간에 난방시 공기주입온실과 관행온실의 커튼과 피복재 사이의 온도는 거의 비슷한 값을 보여주고 있어 보온효과는 거의 동일한 것으로 나타났다. 온실내부의 커튼 안쪽의 습도는 난방으로 인해 외부습도보다 낮게 유지되었으나 커튼과 피복재 사이의 습도는 거의 100%로 유지되었다. 주간의 우천시에도 두가지 온실의 내부온도가 거의 비슷하여 보온효과는 동일한 것으로 나타났다. 주간에 천창환기시 두 온실 모두 일사로 인해 상하방향으로 온도의 편차가 크게 발생하였고, 공기주입온실이 관행온실에 비해 온도가 약간 더 낮기 때문에 환기효과가 더 우수한 것으로 판단된다. 온도분포와 마찬가지로 상하방향으로 습도편차가 크게 발생하였으며, 공기주입온실이 관행온실에 비해 습도가 약간 더 높게 나타나 환기효과가 더 우수한 것으로 판단된다. 야간에 천창환기시에는 두 온실 모두 주간과는 달리 일사가 없기 때문에 온실내부 전체적으로 균일한 온습도분포를 보여주고 있다. 간헐적 포그분사 냉방을 실시하였을 때 두 온실 모두 상하좌우로 비교적 균일한 온습도분포를 보여주었다. 연속 포그분사 냉방을 실시한 경우 전체적으로 균일한 온습도 분포를 보여주었으며, 평균 약 3.5℃ 정도의 냉방효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 커튼과 지붕피복재 사이의 공간에 대한 상대습도와 절대습도의 변화를 분석한 결과 거의 커튼을 닫는 시점에서 피복재의 온도가 노점 온도 이하로 낮아지기 시작하기 때문에 커튼을 닫음과 동시에 제습기를 사용하여 지붕과 커튼 사이 공간의 공기에 함유된 수증기를 제거하면 지붕의 피복재에 발생하는 결로를 억제할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 피복재의 사용기간이 경과함에 따라 공기주입온실에 비해 관행온실이 광투과율이 더 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 온실내부 피복재를 권취식으로 개폐하는 과정에서 먼지와 결로로 인해 오염되기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 피복재의 광투과율이 감소되는 것을 방지하기 위해서는 피복재의 권취식 개폐방식을 지양하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 판단된다. 결론적으로 온실의 이중피복 방법을 공기주입 이중피복형태로 하고 천창을 용마루 위치에 나비형태로 설치한다면 관행 이중피복 온실과 동일한 에너지절감효과를 유지하면서 광투과율을 현저히 개선할 수 있고 환기효율도 높일 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. The objective of the present study is to provide data needed to find double covering method to be able to improve environment of temperature, humidity and PPF in tomato greenhouse. The distribution charts of temperature, humidity and PPF which were measured in environment control conditions such as thermal insulation, air heating, roof ventilation and air fog cooling in conventional and air inflated double layers greenhouses were drawn and analysed. The thermal insulation effect of the air inflated greenhouse was the same as that of conventional greenhouse because the temperature between insulation curtain and roof covering material was equal in heating season. The ventilation effect of the air inflated greenhouse was superior to the conventional greenhouse. The temperature distribution in the fog cooled greenhouse was uniform and the cooling effect was about 3.5oC. The condensation on the roof covering surface could be controlled by removing the moisture between insulation curtain and roof covering by using humidifier. The PPF of conventional greenhouse was more decreased than the air inflated greenhouse as time went by because the transmittance of conventional greenhouse declined by dust collected on the inside plastic film owing to rolling up and down operation for ventilation.

박과작물 재배 단동 비닐하우스의 천장 환기시스템 설치 실태조사

여경환(Kyung-Hwan Yeo),유인호(In-ho Yu),이한철(Han-Cheol Rhee),정재완(Jae-Woan Cheong),최경이(Gyeong Lee Choi) 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2013 농업과학연구 Vol.40 No.4

This research was conducted to obtain the basic information for establishment of standard guidelines in the design and installation of roof ventilation system in single-span plastic greenhouse. To achieve this, the greenhouse structure & characteristics, cultivation status, and ventilation system were investigated for single-span greenhouse with roof ventilation system cultivating the Cucurbitaceae vegetables, watermelon, cucumber, and oriental melon. Most of single-span watermelon greenhouse in Haman and Buyeo area were a hoop-style and the ventilation system in those greenhouses mostly consisted of two different types of ‘roof vent (circular or chimney type) + side vent (hole) + fan’ and ‘roof vent (circular type) + side vent (hole or roll-up type)’. The diameter of circular and chimney-type vent was mostly 60cm and the average number of vents was 10.5 per a bay with vent spacing of average 6.75m. The ratio of roof vent area to floor area and side vent area in the single-span watermelon greenhouse with ventilation fan were 0.46% and 7.6%, respectively. The single-span cucumber greenhouse in Haman and Changnyeong area were a gable roof type, such as even span, half span, three quarter and the 70.6% of total investigated single-span greenhouses was equipped with a roof ventilation fan while 58.8% had a circulation fan inside the greenhouse. The ratios of roof vent area to floor area in the single-span cucumber greenhouse ranged from 0.61 to 0.96% and in the case of the square roof vent, were higher than that of the circular type vent. On average, the roof ventilation fan in single-span cucumber greenhouse was equipped with the power input of 210W and maximum air volume of 85.0 ㎥/min, and the number of fans was 9.75 per a bay. The number of roof vent of single-span oriental melon greenhouse with only roll-up type side vent ranged from 8 to 21 (average 14.8), which was higher than that of other Cucurbitaceae vegetables while the vent number of the greenhouse with a roof ventilation fan was average 7 per a bay.

비닐온실 폭설 방재 예·경보 시스템을 위한 설하중 센서 개발과 적설 경보 기준 분석

김동수 ( Kim Dongsu ),정영준 ( Jeong Youngjoon ),이상익 ( Lee Sang-ik ),이종혁 ( Lee Jonghyuk ),황규홍 ( Hwang Kyuhong ),최원 ( Choi Won ) 한국농공학회 2021 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.63 No.2

As the weather changes become frequent, weather disasters are increasing, causing more damage to plastic greenhouses. Among the damage caused by various disasters, damage by snow to the greenhouse takes a relatively long time, so if an alarm system is properly prepared, the damage can be reduced. Existing greenhouse design standards and snow warning systems are based on snow depth. However, even in the same depth, the load on the greenhouse varies depending on meteorological characteristics and snow density. Therefore, this study aims to secure the structural safety of greenhouses by developing sensors that can directly measure snow loads, and analysing the warning criteria for load using a stochastic model. Markov chain was applied to estimate the failure probability of various types of greenhouses in various regions, which let users actively cope with heavy snowfall by selecting an appropriate time to respond. Although it was hard to predict the precise snow depth or amounts, it could successfully assess the risk of structures by directly detecting the snow load using the developed sensor.

촉매형 CO2 발생기를 이용한 CO2 시비가 알스트로메리아 절화 수확량과 생육에 미치는 영향

임지민,한태호,박성화,정필수 강원대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2022 강원 농업생명환경연구 Vol.34 No.3

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of CO2 fertilization in winter plastic houses on cut flower yield and growth characteristics of Alstroemeria. The cultivars used in the experiment were Alstroemeria ‘Hanhera’ and ‘HappyAls’, and they were planted in the ground on August 25, 2021. The untreated greenhouse was maintained at a CO2 atmospheric concentration of 400 ppm, and the CO2-fertilized greenhouse was fertilized at an average concentration of 800 ppm. The concentration of CO2 reached the 800 ppm at 8 am and decreased to approximately 300 ppm by 11 am, before the side windows were opened in the CO2-treated greenhouse on January 26, 2022. This indicated that photosynthesis in Alstroemeria was most active from 8 am to 11 am. The cut flower yield of Alstroemeria ‘Hanhera’ increased by approximately 62% in the CO2-fertilized greenhouse compared to that in the untreated greenhouse. The flowering shoot height of Alstroemeria ‘Hanhera’ was 93.5 cm in the treated greenhouse, which was approximately 43% higher than that in the untreated greenhouse. These results demonstrate that CO2 fertilization during the Alstroemeria cultivation in winter plastic houses effectively increases flowering shoot height and yield.

재배작물별 단동비닐하우스의 안전풍속 및 적설심 분석

이종원 경북대학교 농업생명과학대학 2013 Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences Vol.31 No.4

국내에 설치되어 있는 원예시설 중 가장 많은 면적을 차지 하고 있는 단동비닐하우스의 기상재해로 인한 피해를 경 감시킬 수 있는 모델 개발에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하고 자 재배작물별로 대표적인 온실규격를 선정하여 안전풍 속과 적설심을 구한 후 재현기간 8년에 해당하는 지역의 설계풍속 및 적설심과 비교하여 온실의 구조 안전성을 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 재배작물별 대표온실에 단위풍하중을 적용한 결과, 최 대 단면력은 과채류, 근채류, 엽채류 온실 순으로 크게 나타났으며 재배작물별 서까래 간격을 고려한 안전풍 속은 엽채류 온실이 17.7 m/s, 과채류 온실이 20.2 m/s, 근채류 온실이 22.3 m/s로 나타나 지역별 8년 빈도의 설계풍하중과 비교하였을 때 홍천, 이천, 성주지역을 제외하고는 대부분의 지역에 있어서 불안전한 것으로 나타났다. 2. 재배작물별 대표온실에 단위 적설하중을 적용한 결과, 근채류 온실의 최대 단면력이 가장 크게 나타났으나 재배작물별 서까래 간격을 고려한 안전적설심은 엽채 류 온실이 8.8 cm, 과채류 온실이 9.4 cm, 근채류 온실이 11.8 cm인 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 지역별 8년 빈도의 적설하중과 비교하였을 때 경남지역 일부를 제 외하고는 대부분의 지역에 있어서 불안전한 것으로 분 석되었다. 3. 재배작물별 대표 온실의 안전풍속과 적설심에 대하여 구조물에 발생하는 최대 인발력은 12.7~15.1 kgf/개소, 최대 연직하중은 20.6~21.7 kgf/개소로 나타나 기초는 안전한 것으로 분석되었으나 안전풍속과 안전적설심이 매우 작기 때문에 폭설이나 강풍에 대비한 보강이 필요 한 것으로 나타났다. This study supplies basic data to develop a greenhouse model for reducing the damage to single-span greenhouses caused by strong winds and heavy snow. Single-span plastic greenhouses are predominantly used for growing crops in Korea. Thus, the safety wind speeds for single-span greenhouses were calculated and compared with the actual wind speeds and snow depths over a period of 8 years in different regions to analyze the structural safety of single-span greenhouses. The unit wind load and unit snow load were applied to different designs of single-span greenhouse according to the cultivated crop to achieve a structural analysis. As a result, the maximum section force for the wind and snow load was greatest for leaf and root vegetables, where the safety wind speeds for single-span greenhouses according to the cultivated crop were 17.7 m/s(leaf vegetables), 20.2 m/s (fruit vegetables), and 22.3 m/s (root vegetables). Thus, the single-span greenhouses were not found to be safe for the wind load in most regions, except for Hongcheon, Icheon and Sungju. Plus, the safety snow depths for single-span greenhouses according to the crop were 8.8 cm (leaf vegetables), 9.4 cm (fruit vegetables), and 11.8cm (root vegetables). Thus, when comparing the safety snow depths with the actual snow depths, the single-span greenhouses were not found to be safe. Therefore, to improve the safety of single-span greenhouses, the structures need reinforcement by reducing the interval between rafters or increasing the size of the pipes. However, additional research is needed.