論詞彙義項與漢語動詞雙音化的關係

金瑛(Jin Ying) 중국어문학연구회 2016 중국어문학논집 Vol.0 No.97

This research tried to provide different angles to analyze disyllabification from the meaning of verbs. After comparing the meaning of monosyllable verbs and the those of synonymous disyllable verbs, there are two findings. First, the more meaning the monosyllable verb has, the more synonymous disyllable verbs there are. Secondly, most of the meaning of disyllable verbs come from the first se, which is the basic meaning of the synonymous monosyllable verbs. 421 of the 553 verbs analyzed in the thesis show the two characteristics. We are convinced that disyllabification is used to make the basic meaning of most verbs more accurate and to be adapt to different grammatical

현대 중국어 AAB 중첩형식 연구

김은희 인문사회 21 2020 인문사회 21 Vol.11 No.2

The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of the AAB format, which is a three-syllable reduplication format, in view of the fact that there are relatively few studies than the ABB format, despite the fact that there are many AAB formats in reality. To this end, this study analyzed the relationship between AA and B by dividing the combination method of AAB format, and attempted to match the overlap of Korean AAB format with Chinese. Korean reduplication includes both native and Chinese characters. However, since Korean is a phonetic character, in the case of a native character other than a Chinese character, each syllable has no meaning. The results of the study morphologically divided the AAB binding format into Monosyllable, Compound Word, and Derivative languages. Syntactically, the AAB format was used as the main component and sub-component in the sentence. In the future, a comparative study of the AAB format and other reduplication phrases is urgently needed. 본 연구의 목적은 AAB형식이 객관적으로 적지 않게 존재함에도 불구하고 ABB형식보다 상대적으로 연구 성과가 부진하다는 점에 착안하여, 3음절 중첩형식인 AAB형식의 특징을 밝혀보고자 하는 것이다. 연구 방법은 AAB형식의 결합방식을 나누어 AA와 B의 관계를 분석하였고, 한국어 AAB형식의 중첩을 중국어와 대응시켜 보고자 하였다. 한국어의 중첩은 고유어나 한자어를 모두 포함한다. 하지만 한국어는 표음문자여서 한자어가 아닌 고유어의 경우 각 음절의 의미가 없다. 연구 결과는 형태적으로 AAB의 결합방식을 단순어, 합성어, 파생어로 나누었다. 통사적으로 AAB형식이 문장 내에서 주성분과 부속성분으로 쓰이는 경우를 분석하였다. 향후 AAB형식과 다른 중첩구문의 비교 연구가 절실히 필요하다.

“VO 不 C”结构在北京话中消失的年代

姜先周 ( Kang¸ Sunju ) 한국중국언어학회 2023 중국언어연구 Vol.- No.107

能性述补结构“VO不C”在近代汉语中逐渐为“V不CO”结构所替换, 这是一个非常漫长的过程。本文通过分析≪儿女英雄传≫≪三侠五义≫≪小五义≫≪续小五义≫这4部反映清末北京话的小说中的“VO不C”, 说明“VO不C”在清代中晚期仍有用例, 但有一个限制:宾语是单音节的人称代词。“VO不C”在北京话中完全消亡的时间, 当不早于清末。 It is generally believed that the construction VONegC (V stands for verb, O for object, Neg for negation adverb, and C for potential complement) has vanished long before Modern Mandarin Chinese. By investigation of four novels written in Beijing Mandarin of Qing time, the paper, however, shows that this structure was still in use up till the mid-Qing and late-Qing period, though with a significant limitation. That is, O is restricted to a monosyllable person pronoun. It could be reasonably concluded that VONegC disappeared in Beijing Mandarin no earlier than the end of the Qing Dynasty.

중국어 이음절 복모음에 대한 음성학적 특성 및 발음교육 방안 연구

고미숙 영남중국어문학회 2014 중국어문학 Vol.0 No.66

Through this experiment, we analyzed the difference between native Chinese speakers and Korean learners to Chinese language in the utterance of Chinese compound vowels consisting of disyllable. Fundamentally, the result of analysis of monosyllable utterance was still produced in disyllable utterance. But the difference was not clearly presented because each length of syllable in disyllable utterance almost came down in half compared to each length of syllable in monosyllable utterance. In the utterance of rising diphthongs disyllable, the length of the front syllable of native Chinese speakers was longer than that of Korean learners to Chinese language, and the difference was statistically significant. The length of the back syllable of native Chinese speakers in rising diphthongs disyllable was shorter than that of the front syllable. But it proved that native Chinese speakers pronounce the front and back syllable of rising diphthongs longer than Korean learners. In the utterance of falling diphthongs disyllable, native Chinese pronounced the front and back syllable of falling diphthongs longer than Korean learners, but as a result of T-test between two groups, the difference in the length of each syllable was four to six in the rate of significant versus nonsignificant. In the utterance of triphthongs disyllable, the length of the front syllable of native Chinese was longer than that of Korean learners, and it was one to one in the rate of significant versus nonsignificant. In triphthongs, native Chinese pronounced the back syllable longer than Korean learners as they pronounced the front syllable longer than Korean learners, and this was statistically significant. With the above analysis, the difference in the length of the front and back syllable was not significant in the utterance of Chinese diphthongs disyallble. Pronunciation is very hard to be corrected later despite of many efforts because wrong habits in learning pronunciation are easily formed and fossilized. For the reason, it is important that more detailed and scientific Chinese education program should be made for understanding the exact difference of phonemes between mother tongue and a foreign language at the beginning of learning the foreign language. When Chinese teachers teach learners Chinese, they have to explain the exact Chinese syllabication system; and let learners realize that Chinese medial vowel is pronounced comparatively shorter than nucleus vowel. But in Chinese, it is the combination of full vowel where all the phonetic value of each vowel is asserted while Korean diphthongs is the combination of semi vowel and full vowel.

Durational Pattern of Vowel and Nasal Preceding Stop Consonant Sequence at Word Boundary

Jeon, Yoon-Shil(전윤실) 순천향대학교 인문학연구소 2018 순천향 인문과학논총 Vol.37 No.3

분절음의 길이 구조는 그 분절음이 나타나는 단어에서의 위치와 음절 구조에 의해 변화를 겪는다. 본 연구에서는 모음과 비음의 길이 구조를 음절 내 분절음의 수와 관련하여 살펴보았다. 단어 경계에 하나의 폐쇄 자음이 있거나(#C) 두 개의 폐쇄 자음이 있는 (C#C) 조건에서 모음과 비음이 나타나는 실험 단어를 구성하였다. 그 예는 ‘bum pits’, ‘bump pits’와 같다. 미국인 영 어 원어민 화자 집단과 한국인 영어 학습자 집단을 대상으로 발화 실험을 하였고 중립, 액센트, 그리고 비액센트 단어에서 모음과 비음 길이를 측정하고 비교하였다. 영어 원어민 화자의 발화 자료에서는 모음과 비음이 단일 자음앞에 나타나는 경우에 비하여 자음 연쇄 앞에 나타나는 경우에 유의미한 길이의 감소가 나타났다. 그리고 모음 보다는 비음의 길이 감소 정도가 더 컸다. 한국인 영어 학습자의 경우는 두 가지 조건에서의 모음과 비음의 길이 차이는 전반적으로 유의미 하지 않았다. 한국인 영어 학습자의 특징적인 길이 유형은 모음과 비음의 길이가 비교적 일정한 길이를 유지하고 변화 폭이 작다는 것이다. 반면에 원어민 영어화자의 경우는 단어 내 분절음의 수에 따른 모음과 비음 등 음절 핵의 길이 변동 양상이 큰 것으로 나타났다. Durational pattern of a segment varies depending on its position within a word and the syllable structure in which it occurs. In this paper, durational pattern of vowel and nasal is investigated in relation with the number of the segments in monosyllable words. The target vowel and nasal are placed in two conditions, before one stop consonant(#C) and two identical stop consonants(C#C) at word boundary, such as ‘bum pits’ and ‘bump pits.’ Durations of the vowel and nasal are collected and analyzed in neutral, accented and deaccented words. For English native speakers, both vowel and nasal durations significantly shorten before stop sequence compared to before one stop consonant, with greater shortening effect in the nasal. The experiment results suggest that shortening of preceding vowel and nasal may provide a perceptual cue to consonant sequence. On the other hand, in the speech of Korean learners of English the duration differences of vowel and nasal between the two conditions are not significant in general. A characteristic durational pattern for Korean learners of English is that vowels and nasals tend to maintain a constant duration and have less variations in their durational patterns compared to those of English native speakers.

중국어 대구구조의 기능과 단음절 특징 연구

이우철 한국중어중문학회 2023 中語中文學 Vol.- No.93

Chinese is a prosodic and implicit language. In Chinese, antithesis structure often appears in both the spoken and written language. Historically, antithesis structure has occurred frequently with various socio-cultural activities and language use by various communities. For example, “1) 吹一个传一个! 2) 左一架书右一架屏。” The text examines the syntactic function, semantic function, and occurrence mechanism of these Chinese antithesis structure functions. And we explored the relationship between antithesis structure and some typological features of Chinese. As a result, the following results were derived. ① The Chinese antithesis structure is a structure that has been fixed in the process of contractual attributes while sharing history with Chinese records. ② It maintains a steady monosyllabic feature in its series of history. ③ If it is partially omitted from the immmediate constitution of the antithesis structure, it weakens or loses the independence of sentence independence. ④ The Chinese antithesis structure completes the metaphorical contextual meaning of the sentence. ⑤ Metaphor contextual meaning tends to be based on binary thinking.

Analysis for Error Patterns of Consonant-Vowel Combinations in Hearing-Impaired Elderly

Sihun Park,Woojae Han 한국청각언어재활학회 2020 Audiology and Speech Research Vol.16 No.3

Purpose: Many previous studies related to speech recognition of hearing-impaired elderly have found that the elderly have difficulty in monosyllable recognition under noisy situations, but there is still lack of their specific information to perceive the monosyllables in terms of error pattern. The purpose of the present study was to measure and analyze the prominent errors of consonant (C)- vowel (V) combinations as a function of noise levels in the hearing-impaired elderly. Methods: A total of twenty older adults with sensorineural hearing loss participated. While randomly presenting 122 syllables which consisted of the Korean CV and VC combinations under quiet and two signalto- noise ratios (SNRs, +6 and +3 dB) conditions, the participants were asked to respond the syllables heard in a way of either discrimination or identification. Error rate (or percent incorrect) and error patterns of the syllables were analyzed in each condition. Results: Substitution error of the initial consonant showed the highest rate regardless of the background conditions. As the medial phoneme, the vowel errors were decreased as the level of noise increased. In the final consonant, additional error rate of /k/ was abruptly increased as SNR decreased. Furthermore, it was an interesting pattern that the initial consonants such as /s/, /l/, and /t*/ had a high substitution error rate when combined with /i/, /o/, and /ɛ/ vowels, respectively. Conclusion: Based on the current results, the hearing-impaired older adults seem to have their unique error patterns although there is individual difference. We expect that these results will be fundamental data to understand characteristics of speech perception in the older adults at the monosyllables level.

고대 한·일 표기법 발달과정의 비교

岡山善一郞 동방문화대학원대학교 문화와예술연구 2015 문화와예술연구 Vol.6 No.-

한국어와 일본어는 중국어와는 달리 어순이 거의 같으며 조 사가 있고, 어간에 접미사를 결합시켜 변화시키는 膠着語로서 의 공통점이 있기 때문에 표기법의 발달 과정이 매우 유사하였 다. 본 고찰에서는 고대 한·일 양국의 문장 표기법에 한하여 그 발달과정을 검토하면서, 이두문에 쓰인 이두와 간략문자(略體 字)가 일본에서도 사용된 사례를 파악하는 데에 역점을 두었 는데, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻게 되었다. 먼저, 고구려의 생략문자 “卩“가 백제에 전래되어 쓰여진 사 례가 『增補韓國金石遺文』에서 발견되었다. 한국어는 다음절 이기에 한자로서 표기하기에는 한계가 있어 결국은 한글이라는 문자를 창제하게 되지만, 일본은 단음절이기에 한자로서의 표 기가 가능하여, 한자를 초서체로 쓰는 과정에서 하라가나와 가 다카나가 만들어져 국자로서 정착하게 된다. 일본의 경우, 훈전 용표기법 내지는 경어표기 등의 표기체에 있어서 도래인의 영 향이 있었던 것은 法隆寺의 금석문에서 확인할 수 있다. 그리 고 고대한국의 이두문에서 쓰여진 ‘叱’,’支’,’之’,’賜’,’者’,’在’등의 용법은 고대 일본문에서도 쓰여지고 있었다는 것을 알게 되었 다. “仁王經”의 구결체는 일본의 히라가나·가다카나와의 유사한 문자가 보이지만, 현재로서는 서로의 영향관계는 없을 것으로 추정된다. Unlike Chinese, Korean and Japanese word order are almost equal and have postposition, and because of similarities as agglutinative language changing the stem by combining, the development process of notation is very similar. In this study, while reviewing the development process only the ancient Korean and Japanese orthography, it was focused on understanding the cases of that Korean idu and a colloquial simplified form of a character used in Japan. The conclusion was given as follows. First, the case that omitted letter of Koguryo “卩” has been introduced to Baekje and written was found in “增補韓國金石遺 文”. Korean is polysyllable to have limitation with written Chinese so that Hangul was created, but Japanese is monosyllable which could be possible to write in Chinese, and Hiragana and Katakana were invented from the process of writing the cursive style in Chinese and have become official language in Japan. The case of Japan, didactic and honorific notation were influenced by people come over to Japan, that can be vitrified from the epigraph of Horyu-Ji. And, it was found that the usage of ‘叱’, ‘支’, ‘之’, ‘賜’, ‘者’, ‘在’ written in Idu sentence was written in the ancient Japanese sentence. The letter Kugyol of The InwangSutra looks have similar letter with Hiragana and Katakana in Japanese but, it is estimated that there is no impact between each other currently.

현대일본어에 있어서의 확장형에 대한 일고찰

최윤정 한국일본언어문화학회 2014 일본언어문화 Vol.27 No.-

Up to the present, studies of the extended forms are insufficient in comparison with those of the abbreviated forms. Thus this paper extracted the extended forms, divided them into functional and semantic aspect, and inquired the features of each aspect. In functional aspect which can be categorized into five, extended forms are created in order to supplement the characteristic of Japanese language with a simple phonological structure and a relatively small number of phonemes. Addition of special mora, one of the major characteristics of Japanese, have played a role in making the speaker’s emotions expressed more affluently. In semantic aspect, extended forms appeared in taboo words, beautification words, and baby talks. This type of extended forms has been observed in the speaker’s linguistic behaviors to care about the listener. Though the frequency of the usage of the extended forms is not as high as that of the abbreviated forms, the extended forms are still in force, and their roles are also evident. In this article the extended forms in Japanese were studied, and further research on the extend forms in other languages will be made.

《幽明錄》單音節名詞同義詞群考察

李占平(Li Zhanping),劉??(Liu Ruirui) 동아인문학회 2013 동아인문학 Vol.26 No.-

YouMlingLu is an important works of mid-ancient Chinese language.On the basis of the same sememe,different pronunciation and same the characteristic,we concluded 55 groups monosyllabic noun synonyms. After observation and study, we found that 51 groups succeeded to ancient times, 3 groups appeared in mid-ancient and 1 group came from ancient times with subtle changes.Study on words of classic books is important and practical .By means of this kind of study,we can know Vocabulary features and the changes of a specific period of time.