Methyl Jasmonate and α-aminooxi-β-phenyl Propionic Acid Alter Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Enzymatic Activity to Affect the Longevity and Floral Scent of Cut Tuberose

Mehran Kanani,Mohammad Javad Nazarideljou 한국원예학회 2017 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.58 No.2

Longevity is a determining factor of the marketability of cut flowers, and is therefore a key target incommercial floriculture. Floral scent is another important factor in the popularity of cut flowers. The phenylpropanoidpathway is one of the key pathways in floral scent production. The first step of this pathway is catalyzed by theenzyme phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). Here, we evaluated the pre-harvest foliar application of a PAL promoter(methyl jasmonate [MeJA]) and a PAL inhibitor (α-aminooxi--phenyl propionic acid [AOPP]) on the physiologicalparameters, floral scent, and longevity of cut tuberose flowers (Polianthes tuberosa L.). Relative water content (RWC)was significantly affected by foliar application of treatments. The highest and lowest RWCs were observed in plantstreated with AOPP (3 mM) and the control, respectively. Catalase (CAT) enzyme activity was not significantly affectedby treatments, while peroxidase (POD) activity was significantly affected. Foliar application significantly affectedstem water uptake and the 3 mM AOPP resulted in the highest stem water uptake. A GC-MS analysis of floralscent volatiles detected 37 different compounds, with the most abundant being methyl benzoate, benzyl benzoate,pentacosane, and methyl salicylate. The pre-harvest foliar application of MeJA increased the total scent of tuberose, aswell as increasing the relative abundances of methyl benzoate and methyl salicylate and reducing the benzyl benzoateand pentacosane content. In contrast, the foliar application of AOPP decreased the total floral scent; while the relativeamount of pentacosane increased, the methyl benzoate and methyl salicylate contents decreased. Both treatmentsextended the longevity of the tuberose flowers; however, the flowers of the AOPP-treated plants lasted longer thanthose treated with MeJA which could be due the different effects of these treatments on RWC, antioxidant enzymesactivity, and/or stem water uptake. These results indicate that PAL plays an important role in the generation of floralscent and the extension of longevity in cut tuberose.

살리실산메틸 음용으로 인한 자살 사망: 사례보고 및 문헌고찰

유태영,권정화,함석훈,임상범,박영일,고영산,허진행,김신은,장선정 대한법의학회 2024 대한법의학회지 Vol.48 No.1

Methyl salicylate is widely used in various topical products, including sports creams, ointments, patches, and oral hygiene products. These products are mainly used for localized treatment of musculoskeletal pain. Given their intended topical application, their ingestion can result in salicylic acid poisoning due to their high concentrations of methyl salicylate. Symptoms of salicylic acid poisoning may include dizziness, vomiting, hallucinations, seizures, and, in severe cases, unconsciousness, respiratory failure, and circulatory disorders. We report a case of a 71-year-old male who ingested Mensolatum Lotion to commit suicide and died.

A reagent-assisted method in SERS detection of methyl salicylate

Li, Yali,Li, Qianwen,Wang, Yanan,Oh, Joohee,Jin, Sila,Park, Yeonju,Zhou, Tieli,Zhao, Bing,Ruan, Weidong,Jung, Young Mee Elsevier 2018 Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomole Vol.195 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>With the explosive application of methyl salicylate (MS) molecules in food and cosmetics, the further detection of MS molecules becomes particularly important. Here we investigated the detection of MS molecules based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) in a novel molecule/assistant/metal system constructed with MS, 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) bis (benzoic acid) and Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs). The minimum detection concentration is 10<SUP>−4</SUP> M. To explore the function of assisted reagent, we also referred another system without assistant molecules. The result demonstrates that SERS signals were not acquired, which proves that the assistant molecules are critical for the capture of MS molecules. Two possible mechanisms of MS/assistant/AgNPs system were speculated through two patterns of hydrogen bonds. The linker molecules acted as the role of the bridge between metallic substrates and target molecules through the molecular recognition. This strategy is very beneficial to the expanding of MS detection techniques and other hydrogen bond based coupling detections with SERS.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A novel molecule/assistant/metal system was constructed to achieve the SERS detection of methyl salicylate. </LI> <LI> The intermolecular hydrogen bond was employed as the driving force to accomplish the assembly. </LI> <LI> The obstacle of non-adsorption of target molecules on substrates was solved through the hydrogen-bond-based assembly method. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical Abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Insecticidal activities of essential oils, Gaultheria fragrantissima and Illicium verum, their components and analogs against Callosobruchus chinensis adults

Park, C.G.,Shin, E.,Kim, J. 한국응용곤충학회 2016 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.19 No.2

<P>Insecticidal activity of croton, linaloe berry, rosewood, star anise, wintergreen oils, methyl salicylate and 8 analogs against Callosobruchus chinensis adults was assessed. The 24-h LC50 values against adult C. chinensis were 3.14, 6.68, 8.59, 8.90 and 10.23 mg/L air for wintergreen, star anise, croton, linaloe berry and rosewood oils. Analyses by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry led to the identification of 2 and 18 compounds from G. fragrantissima wintergreen and star anise I. verum oils, respectively. Among the compounds identified, methyl salicylate consisted of 99.9% of wintergreen oil and trans-anethole did 91.0% of I star anise oil. To elucidate structure-activity relationship of methyl salicylate and trans-anethole, fumigant and contact toxicities of methyl salicylate, methyl 3-hydroxybenzoate, methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, methyl 2-methoxysalicylate, methyl 2-acetoxysalicylate, methyl benzoate, salicylic acid, trans-anethole and 1-methoxy-4-propylbenzene were investigated. Methyl 3-hydoxybenzoate, methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, methyl 2-methoxybenzoate, and methyl 2-acetoxybenozate did not show fumigant activity. The 24-h LC50 values were 3.48, 536, 6.39 and 9.27 mg/L air for methyl salicylate, methyl benzoate, trans-anethole, and 1-methoxy-4-propylbenzene, respectively. However, all the compounds tested except methyl 3-hydroxybenzoate and methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate showed contact toxicity. The 24-h LD50 values (mu g/beetle) were 28.89, 33.27, 33.56, 44.81 56.31, 38.59 and 69.20 for methyl salicylate, methyl 2-acetobenzoate, methyl 2-methoxybenoate, methyl benzoate, salicylic acid, trans-anethole and 1-methoxy-4-propylbenzene, respectively. Structural differences were identified that may contribute to understanding the insecticidal activities of methyl salicylate and trans-anethole. (C) 2016 Korean Society of Applied Entomology, Taiwan Entomological Society and Malaysian Plant Protection Society. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

중국산 바르는 관절약을 복용 후 발생한 살리실레이트 중독 2례

이수열,유지영,조규종,유지영,Lee, Soo-Youl,Ryu, Ji-Yeong,Cho, Gyu-Chong,You, Ji-Young 대한임상독성학회 2007 대한임상독성학회지 Vol.5 No.2

Because of the ready availability of aspirin, salicylate poisoning remains a common problem in many countries. Another potential source of salicylate poisoning is medicated oil containing methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen). Methyl salicylate poses a much greater safety threat than aspirin tablets because of its liquid, concentrated form and high lipid solubility. Because of this danger, the toxic potential of medicated oil containing methyl salicylate should be fully appreciated both by physicians and by the general public. We encountered two cases of salicylate poisoning resulting from accidental ingestion of Chinese medicated oil. We report these cases along with a review of the literature.

대사유도물질 처리에 의한 발아녹두의 아이소플라본 생합성 양상

이지현,정일민,박세준,김욱한,김소연,김진애,정우식 韓國作物學會 2004 Korean journal of crop science Vol.49 No.6

발아 녹두에 세 가지 스트레스 관련 화합물 salicylic acid, methyl jasmonic acid, acetyl salicylic acid를 처리하여 isoflavone의 생합성양상을 관찰한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 숙주나물의 자엽에서는 isoflavone총량이 건조중 1g당 832.5ug 인 무처리구와 비교하여 10mM salicylic acid를 처리한 경우 169~% , 12mM acetyl salicylic acid로 처리한 경우 165~% 의 isoflavone 총량이 증가한 반면 0.5~% methyl jasmonic acid를 처리한 경우는 오히려 무처리구보다 47~% 수준으로 감소하였다. 2. 숙주나물의 자엽하부(hypocotyl and root)의 isoflavone 생성량에서는 1g당 284.8ug 이 생성된 무처리구와 비교하여 세 가지 처리 모두에서 유의성이 있는 차이를 보였다. 10mM salicylic acid 처리구의 경우 419~% , 12mM acetyl salicylic acid 처리구의 경우 401~% 의 isoflavone 총량의 증가를 보였고, 0.5~% methyl jasmonic acid처리구의 경우에는 121~% 증가하였다. 3.숙주나물의 자엽부위와 자엽하부에서 검출된 isoflavone의 합을 각 처리별 isoflavone생산총량으로 하여 무처리구의 건조중 1g당 1117.3ug 을 기준으로 비교하여보면 건조중 1g당 10mM salicylic acid 처리구에서는 2601.02ug 으로 233~% 증가하였고, 12mM acetyl salicylic acid 2514.4ug 으로 225~% 증가한 반면, 0.5~% methyl jasmonic acid 처리구에서는 738.8ug 으로 66~% 수준으로 감소하였다. 4. 숙주나물 자엽부위의 경우 무처리구와 비교하여 증가를 보였던 10mM salicylic acid처리구와 12mM acetyl salicylic acid 처리구에서는 malonyldaidzine과 malonylglycitin이 증가가 두드러지게 나타났다. 5. 숙주나물 자엽하부의 경우 무처리구와 비교하여 증가를 보였던 10mM salicylic acid 처리구와 12mM acetyl salicylic acid 처리구에서는 malonylglycitin의 증가가 두드러지게 나타났다 We have studied physiological responses of mung bean sprout to the treatment of elicitors. Chemicals such as salicylic acid and methyl jasmonic acid are not only the intermediates found in plant defense system but also could affect plant secondary metabolism. We found that mild treatment of salicylic acid and acetyl salicylic acid (aspirin) increase isoflavone production dramatically in mung bean sprout which has very low level of isoflavones compared with soybean sprout. The isoflavone content in salicylic acid treated- and acetyl salicylic acid treated-mung bean sprout was about 2.3 and 2.2 times higher than that of control, respectively. However, the increasing patterns of isoflavone in cotyledon and hypocotyl and root were not identical. The major increase among isoflavone fractions in cotyledon was led by the increase in malonylglycitin and malonyldaidzin level. Whereas, the increase in hypocotyl and root was led by malonyldaidzin. Methyl jasmonic acid did not show statistically significant increase in mung bean sprout. With this result, we were able to propose the non-transgenic method, which can control the isoflavone production in germinating mung bean

Repellency of four chemicals against Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in laboratorial bioassay

Bikash Bhusal,Un Taek Lim 한국응용곤충학회 2017 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.10

Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is an important pest in protected culture. We assessed fourrepellents (carvacrol, cis-jasmone, methyl jasmonate, and methyl salicylate) of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)(Thysanoptera: Thripidae) known from literatures to develop a behavioral management tactic against F. intonsa. We measuredthe repellency of F. intonsa that exposed to 100 times diluted repellents on leaf disc. Repellency was 2.60 times higherin methyl jasmonate followed by methyl salicylate (2.16 times), cis-jasmone (2.15 times) and carvacrol (2.08 times) comparedto control. These results suggest that methyl jasmonate can be incorporated as a component of integrated managementof F. intonsa.

Evidence for Volatile Memory in Plants: Boosting Defence Priming through the Recurrent Application of Plant Volatiles

Song, Geun Cheol,Ryu, Choong-Min Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2018 Molecules and cells Vol.41 No.8

Plant defence responses to various biotic stresses via systemic acquired resistance (SAR) are induced by avirulent pathogens and chemical compounds, including certain plant hormones in volatile form, such as methyl salicylate and methyl jasmonate. SAR refers to the observation that, when a local part of a plant is exposed to elicitors, the entire plant exhibits a resistance response. In the natural environment, plants are continuously exposed to avirulent pathogens that induce SAR and volatile emissions affecting neighbouring plants as well as the plant itself. However, the underlying mechanism has not been intensively studied. In this study, we evaluated whether plants "memorise" the previous activation of plant immunity when exposed repeatedly to plant defensive volatiles such as methyl salicylate and methyl jasmonate. We hypothesised that stronger SAR responses would occur in plants treated with repeated applications of the volatile plant defence compound MeSA than in those exposed to a single or no treatment. Nicotiana benthamiana seedlings subjected to repeated applications of MeSA exhibited greater protection against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum than the control. The increase in SAR capacity in response to repeated MeSA treatment was confirmed by analysing the defence priming of the expression of N. benthamiana Pathogenesis-Related 1a (NbPR1a) and NbPR2 by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR compared with the control. We propose the concept of plant memory of plant defence volatiles and suggest that SAR is strengthened by the repeated perception of volatile compounds in plants.

Evidence for Volatile Memory in Plants: Boosting Defence Priming through the Recurrent Application of Plant Volatiles

송근철,류충민 한국분자세포생물학회 2018 Molecules and cells Vol.41 No.8

Plant defence responses to various biotic stresses via systemic acquired resistance (SAR) are induced by avirulent pathogens and chemical compounds, including certain plant hormones in volatile form, such as methyl salicylate and methyl jasmonate. SAR refers to the observation that, when a local part of a plant is exposed to elicitors, the entire plant exhibits a resistance response. In the natural environment, plants are continuously exposed to avirulent pathogens that induce SAR and volatile emissions affecting neighbouring plants as well as the plant itself. However, the underlying mechanism has not been intensively studied. In this study, we evaluated whether plants “memorise” the previous activation of plant immunity when exposed repeatedly to plant defensive volatiles such as methyl salicylate and methyl jasmonate. We hypothesised that stronger SAR responses would occur in plants treated with repeated applications of the volatile plant defence compound MeSA than in those exposed to a single or no treatment. Nicotiana benthamiana seedlings subjected to repeated applications of MeSA exhibited greater protection against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum than the control. The increase in SAR capacity in response to repeated MeSA treatment was confirmed by analysing the defence priming of the expression of N. benthamiana Pathogenesis-Related 1a (NbPR1a) and NbPR2 by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR compared with the control. We propose the concept of plant memory of plant defence volatiles and suggest that SAR is strengthened by the repeated perception of volatile compounds in plants.

Response of Frankliniella occidentalis to Three HIPVs in Y-tube Olfactometer

Byeong Chan Ko,Bikash Bhusal,Un Taek Lim 한국응용곤충학회 2018 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.04

The western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is an important pest of horticultural and agricultural crops worldwide. The repeated use of chemical insecticides resulted in the development of insecticide resistance. We evaluated response of F. occidentalis to three synthetic herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs), methyl salicylate, methyl anthranilate, and nonanal known as attractants of thrips’ natural enemy, in Y-tube olfactometer. Mated fed adult females of F. occidentalis showed lowest response rate to methyl salicylate than methyl anthranilate, and nonanal. These results show that methyl salicylate may act as repellent to F. occidentalis, and can be used as a component of push-pull strategies for the management of F. occidentalis.