Hepatoprotective and Renoprotective Effects of Lavender (Lavandula stoechas L.) Essential Oils Against Malathion-Induced Oxidative Stress in Young Male Mice

Slimen Selmi,Manel Jallouli,Najoua Gharbi,Lamjed Marzouki 한국식품영양과학회 2015 Journal of medicinal food Vol.18 No.10

We aimed in the present study to investigate the hepato- and nephroprotective effects of Lavandula stoechas essential oils (LSEO) against malathion-induced oxidative stress in young male mice as well as the possible mechanism implicated in such protection. Animals were divided into eight groups of 12 each: Control, malathion (200 mg/kg b.w.); Various doses of LSEO (10, 30, and 50 mg/kg b.w.), malathion + various doses of LSEO. Malathion and LSEO were daily per orally (p.o.) administered by intragastric gavage during 30 days. We initially found that malathion treatment induced body weight gain decrease as well as a clear nephro- and hepatotoxicity as assessed by significant relative liver and kidney weight increase and related hemodynamic parameters deregulation. Malathion exposure of mice also induced a considerable perturbation of metabolic parameters. On the other hand, we showed that malathion administration was accompanied by an oxidative stress status assessed by an increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels as well as a depletion of sulfhydril group content (-SH) and antioxidant enzyme activities such as catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total superoxide dismutase (SOD), Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, and Fe-SOD in the kidney and liver. More importantly, LSEO treatment abolished all malathion-induced body gain loss, liver and kidney relative weight increase, hemodynamic and metabolic disorders, as well as hepatic and renal oxidative stress. In conclusion, our data suggest that LSEO exerted potential hepato- and nephroprotective effects against malathion-induced oxidative stress in mice. The beneficial effect of LSEO might be related, in part, to its antioxidant properties.

광조사에 의한 Malathion의 광증감 분해에 관한 연구

김영희,이춘식,정병윤 진주산업대학교 환경문제연구소 1998 環境硏究論文集 Vol.2 No.-

과황산 이온, 황산 이온, 질산 이온, 아질산 이온 및 염소 이온과 같은 무기이온을 광증감제로 사용하여 유 기인계 농약인 말라치온의 광증감 산화반응을 수행하여 직접광분해에 의한 말라치온의 분해결과와 비교함으로써 이들 무기이온의 광증감효과를 확인하여 보았다. 그 결과 과황산 이온, 질산 이온 및 염소 이온에 의한 광증감 효과가 확인되었다. 반면에 황산 이온과 아질산이온은 말라치온의 광증감 산화반응에서 증감효과를 나타내지 못할 뿐만 아니라 직접광분해 보다 분해효율이 저조하였다. Sensitized photooxidation of malathion was carried out using inorganic anions as sensitizer, such as persulfate ion, sulfate ion, nitrate ion, nitrite ion and chloride ion. Persulfate, nitrate, and chloride ion were proved to be effective to enhance the phtooxidation of malathion. However sulfate and nitrite ion were not found effect as sensitizer. in the sensitized photooxidation of malathion.

Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamic studies for the removal of organophosphorus pesticide using Amberlyst-15 resin: Quantitative analysis by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

Mu. Naushad,Z.A. ALOthman,M.R. Khan,N.J. ALQahtani,I.H. ALSohaimi 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.6

In the present paper, Amberlyst-15 resin was used for the removal of malathion. Various experimentalparameters such as effect of pH, contact time, resin dose, initial malathion concentration andtemperature were studied to find the optimum conditions for malathion removal. The removal rate ofmalathion by Amberlyst-15 was rapid and equilibrium was established within 30 min. Kinetic studiesshowed better applicability for pseudo-second-order model and equilibrium data was best fitted toFreundlich isotherm model. The thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption of malathionwas feasible, endothermic and spontaneous. The concentration of malathion was determined usingultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.

Hepatoprotective effect of Zataria Multiflora Boiss against malathion-induced oxidative stress in male rats

Ahmad Ahmadipour,Somayyeh Karami-Mohajeri,Fariba Sharififar,Mostafa Pournamdari,Ali Mandegari Bamkan,Azam Hosseini,Fateme Moradi Afrapoli 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2016 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.31 No.4

This study was aimed to evaluate the protective effects of methanolic extract of Zataria Multiflora Boiss (Z. multiflora) against oxidative stress induced by malathion (MT) in male Wistar rats in comparison to N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n: 8) and treated daily for 28 days. They received MT (150 mg/kg), Z. multiflora methanolic extract (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg), and NAC (200 mg/kg) alone or in combination. This study included a histopathological examination of liver tissue in parallel with measurement of serum aminotransferases. Activities of antioxidant enzymes, total glutathione (GSH), and lipid peroxidation end products in plasma and tissue were also measured. Subacute exposure of rats to MT resulted in a significant morphological change in tissue, an increase in plasma aminotransferases, and oxidative damage. Both NAC and Z. multiflora at the dose of 200 mg/kg significantly reduced MT-induced oxidative stress by inhibiting lipid peroxidation, increasing the content of glutathion, and restoring the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Biochemical and histological observations also showed a dose dependent hepatoprotective effect of Z. multiflora extract against subacute exposure to MT.

Acute and sublethal intoxication of malathion in an Indian major carp, Labeo rohita: haematological and biochemical responses

Juginu Mankuzhiyil Sivanandan,Binukumari 환경독성보건학회 2021 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.36 No.3

This study aimed to determine the median lethal concentration (96-h LC<SUB>50</SUB>), acute and sublethal effects of malathion, an organophosphorus pesticide on hematological and biochemical responses in an Indian major carp, Labeo rohita. In this study, the LC<SUB>50</SUB> value of malathion for 96 h was found to be 3.4 ppm. During acute (3.4 ppm) and sublethal [1/10th of 96 h LC<SUB>50</SUB> value (0.34 ppm) studies, all the hematological parameters except WBC were significantly decreased (p<0.05). Besides, when compared with the control group, a significant (p<0.05) decrease in biochemical activity was also observed in malathion treated fish during acute and sublethal exposure periods. These results suggest that the tested concentrations of malathion could have significant adverse effects on the hematological and biochemical parameters of fish, Labeo rohita. The changes in the parameters can be effectively used to determine the impact of malathion in the aquatic ecosystem.

Screening of cytotoxic and genotoxic potency of two pesticides (malathion and cypermethrin) on Allium cepa L.

Nilofer Sheikh,Himangshu Patowary,Rafiul Amin Laskar 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2020 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.16 No.3

Background Malathion (organophosphate) and cypermethrin (pyrethroid) are widely in use to facilitate protection of major food crops in agriculture, due to which it is important to understand their toxic potential. Allium cepa L. has been considered as a reliable genetic model to detect the toxicity of all sorts of pollutants. Objective The objective of the present work is to determine the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of two widely used pesticides (malathion and cypermethrin) using A. cepa assay. Allium root growth inhibition test showed 0.5% concentration as the EC50 value in both the pesticides. In the toxicity experiment, 1/10 × EC50; 1/5 × EC50; EC50; 2 × EC50 and 3 × EC50 concentrations of both the pesticides along with a control were employed in Allium assay. Results Cytotoxic study showed mitotic index decreased with increasing the pesticides concentrations and exposure time. A series of mitotoxicity was observed under the influence of malathon and cypermethrin. Most types of chromosome aberrations observed in high percentage were stickiness, disturbance, c-metaphase, chromosome bridges in anaphase, lagging chromosome, and binucleate lesions. It was observed that malathion and cypermethrin are highly genotoxic to the onion, causing aberration at different phases of mitosis which can arrest cellular growth and may lead to senescence. Conclusion In conclusion, the present results showed that malathion and cypermethrin can get absorbed in the exposed plant parts or other non-target organisms in the vicinity, and may adversely affect their genomes, thus cause significant harm to crop plants and the environment as well.

Highly Sensitive Detection of Malathion Based on FRET between Au/Fe3O4 and Rhodamine B

Di Jia,Dongqing Ma,Xiaodong Du,Lijuan An 대한화학회 2019 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.40 No.8

In this paper, Au/Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Au/Fe3O4 NPs) were prepared and a method for detecting malathion was constructed based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between Au/Fe3O4 NPs and Rhodamine B (RhB). RhB could be electrostatically adsorbed to the surface of Au/Fe3O4 NPs resulting in a low fluorescent background. The malathion hydrolysate with -SH can compete with RhB to form a stronger Au─S bond, thereby promoting the desorption of RhB from the surface of Au/Fe3O4 NPs. This process causes the fluorescence emission to recover. The result demonstrated that fluorescence quenching efficiency of Au/Fe3O4 could reach 50% at 579?nm and the fluorescence recovery efficiency of malathion hydrolysate could reach 61% at 579?nm. The limit of detection (LOD) of malathion was as low as 0.59 ?M. The linear range of detection was 27.24?99.89 ?M. Au/Fe3O4 NPs could be reused by a magnetic concentration-washing process.

Biological Evaluation of Residual Malathion in the Meat of Dipped Hens: Influence on Lipid Profile of Erythrocytes and Brain and Pancreatic Lipase and Amylase Activity

PaI, A.K.,Kushwah, H.S.,Jadhao, S.B.,Srivastava, A.B. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2000 Animal Bioscience Vol.13 No.8

Biological evaluation of residual malathion after 168 hrs of single dipping exposure of White Leghorn hens to different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%) of pesticides was investigated. Thirty-two male albino rats divided into four groups of eight each were kept on 20% isoproteinous diet prepared from the meat of these malathion dipped hens. After 30 days feeding trial, the rats were killed by decapitation. No significant change was found in erythrocytes. However, the triglyceride concentration in brain tissue was increased significantly (p<0.05) when dose level of pesticide was 1% in dipping solution. Similarly, malathion exposed poultry meat failed in altering any significant change in the pancreatic amylase and lipase activities of rats. This study concludes the virtual absence of toxic accumulation of pesticide in the meat of birds after 168 hrs of exposure in usual concentration range upto 1.5%.

Biomonitoring of Toxic Effects of Pesticides in Occupationally Exposed Individuals

Arshad, Muhammad,Siddiqa, Maryam,Rashid, Saddaf,Hashmi, Imran,Awan, Muhammad Ali,Ali, Muhammad Arif Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2016 Safety and health at work Vol.7 No.2

Background: Workers in pesticide manufacturing industries are constantly exposed to pesticides. Genetic biomonitoring provides an early identification of potential cancer and genetic diseases in exposed populations. The objectives of this biomonitoring study were to assess DNA damage through comet assay in blood samples collected from industry workers and compare these results with those of classical analytical techniques used for complete blood count analysis. Methods: Samples from controls (n = 20) and exposed workers (n = 38) from an industrial area in Multan, Pakistan, were subjected to various tests. Malathion residues in blood samples were measured by gas chromatography. Results: The exposed workers who were employed in the pesticide manufacturing industry for a longer period (i.e., 13-25 years) had significantly higher DNA tail length ($7.04{\mu}m$) than the controls ($0.94{\mu}m$). Workers in the exposed group also had higher white blood cell and red blood cell counts, and lower levels of mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), MCH concentration, and mean corpuscular volume in comparison with normal levels for these parameters. Malathion was not detected in the control group. However, in the exposed group, 72% of whole blood samples had malathion with a mean value of 0.14 mg/L (range 0.01-0.31 mg/L). Conclusion: We found a strong correlation ($R^2=0.91$) between DNA damage in terms of tail length and malathion concentration in blood. Intensive efforts and trainings are thus required to build awareness about safety practices and to change industrial workers' attitude to prevent harmful environmental and anthropogenic effects.

Activated carbon from waste as an efficient adsorbent for malathion for detection and removal purposes

Mohamed Abdelaty Habila,Zeid Abdullah ALOthman,Saad A. Al-Tamrah,Ayman Abdel Ghafar,Mustafa Soylak 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.32 No.-

The widespread use of pesticides leads to considerable attention for pesticide detection and removal. Therefore, in the first part of this work, a simple and facile solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure forseparation of malathion from soil and water samples, has been established. Malathion was recovered at apH of 2.0–3.0 with limit of detection (LOD) of 0.026 ng L 1. While in the second part, the kinetics of thebatch adsorption removal of malathion from aqueous solutions was investigated. Results showed thatmalathion adsorption onto activated carbon followed second order kinetics models most appropriatelywith adsorption capacity of 32.1 mg g 1.