黃芩으로 인한 간손상으로 판단되는 건선 환자 1례 보고

이기훈(Ki-Hoon Lee),양지은(Jieun Yang),장규태(Gyu Tae Chang) 대한한의학회 2011 대한한의학회지 Vol.32 No.4

급성 간손상 실험동물에 Cyclohexanone투여가 Oxygen Free Radical 대사효소 활성에 미치는 영향

김현희,조현성,윤종국 한국환경보건학회 2002 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.28 No.2

Effect of cyclohexanone treatment on the activities oxygen free radical and cyclohexanone metabolizing enzyme in acute liver damaged rats, was investigated. Acute liver damage was induced in rats with pretreatment of 50% $CCl_4$ in olive oil(0.1ml/100g body wt) intraperitoneally 3 times every other day. Cyclohexanone(1.56g/kg body wt, i.p.) was administered to the animals 24 hours after the last Pretreatment of CC1$_4$. Rats were sacrificed at 4 hours after injection of cyclohexanone. On the basis of liver weight/body weight(%), serum levels alanine aminotransferase activity and hepatic protein content, cyclohexanone treatment to acute liver damaged animals led to the more enhanced liver damage. On the other hand, injection of cyclohexanone to the rats led to the increased activities of hepatic cytochrome P-450 dependent aniline hydroxylase and xanthine oxidase. Furthermore, by treatment of cyclohexanone to the acute liver damaged rats hepatic xanthine oxidase activity was more increased than the $CCl_4$ treated rats. In case of oxygen free radical scavenging system, the hepatic glutathione content and the activities of hepatic glutathione S-transferase, catalase, superoxide dismutase were generally increased by injection of cyclohexanone to rats, and the hepatic glutathione content, catalase and alcohol dehydrogenase activities were more decreased in liver damaged rats by the treatment of cyclohexanone. In conclusion, the cyclohexanone treatment to acute liver damaged rats led to enhancement of liver damage that may be due to oxygen free radical together with cyclohexanone.

Effect of Aging on the Xylene Metabolism in $CCl_4$-Induced Liver Damaged Rats

Kim, Hyun-Hee,Yoon, Chong-Guk 대한의생명과학회 2001 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.7 No.3

To investigate an effect of aging on the xylene metabolism in liver damaged animals, a study was conducted. 50% carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$) in olive oil (0.1 ml/100 g body weight) was intraperitoneally given to 5-week and 12-week rats 12 times every other day and then one dose of 50% xylene in olive oil (0.25 ml/100 g body weight) was intraperitoneally given to the rats, and after 24 hr, the animals were sacrificed. On the basis of the functional findings in rat liver, ie, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase activity, liver protein and malonedialdehyde contents, 5-week rats showed less liver damage than 12-week rats. The increasing rate of urinary methylhippuric acid concentration to the control was significantly higher in 5-week rats than 12-week rats in case of xylene treatment after induction of liver damage. On the other hand, liver damaged 5-week rats showed significant rise of hepatic cytochrome P45O content compared with the liver damaged 12-week rats by the xylene treatment. And increasing rate of hepatic alcohol or aldehyde dehydrogenase activities to each liver damaged animals was higher tendency in 5-week rats than 12-week rats by the xylene treatment. In conclusion, 5-week rat showed greater metabolic rate of xylene than 10-week rats in case of liver injury because 5-week rats led to a slight liver damaged compared with 12-week rats.

Effect of Aging on the Xylene Metabolism in CCI_4-Induced Liver Damaged Rats

Kim, Hyun-Hee,Yoon, Chong-Guk 대한의생명과학회 2001 Biomedical Science Letters Vol.7 No.3

To investigate an effect of aging on the xylene metabolism in liver damaged animals, a study was conducted. 50% carbon tetrachloride (CCI_4) in olive oil (0.1 ml/100 g body weight) was intraperitoneally given to 5-week and 12-week rats 12 times every other day and then one dose of 50% xylene in olive oil (0.25 ml/100 g body weight) was intraperitoneally given to the rats, and after 24 hr, the animals were sacrificed. On the basis of the functional findings in rat liver, ie, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase activity, liver protein and malonedialdehyde contents, 5-week rats showed less liver damage than 12-week rats. The increasing rate of urinary methylhippuric acid concentration to the control was significantly higher in 5-week rats in case of xylene treatment after induction of liver damage. On the other hand, liver damaged 5-week rats showed significant rise of hepatic cytochrome P450 content compared with the liver damaged 12-week rats by the xylene treatment. And increasing rate of hepatic alcohol or aldehyde dehydrogenase activities to each liver damaged animals was higher tendency in 5- week rats than 12-week rats by the xylene treatment. In conclusion, 5-week rats showed greater metabolic rate of xylene than 10-week rats in case of liver injury because 5-week rats led to a slight liver damaged compared with 12-week rats.

태충혈과 삼음교혈의 침 자극이 Streptozotocin으로 유발된 당뇨쥐의 간 손상에 미치는 영향

김성진,이윤규,이현종,김재수 대한침구의학회 2016 대한침구의학회지 Vol.33 No.3

The Effects of LR3 and SP6 Acupuncture on Liver Damage of Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Mice Sung Jin Kim, Yun Kyu Lee, Hyun Jong Lee and Jae Soo Kim* Dept. of Acupuncture & Moxibustion medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of LR3 and SP6 acupuncture on liver damage of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Methods : Male ICR mice were divided into four groups, consisting of the normal mice group(N), acupuncture-free diabetic mice group(Con), LR3-acupuncture diabetic mice group(LR3) and SP6-acupuncture diabetic mice group(SP6). The following measurements were taken: Body weight, food intake and water intake for 2 weeks; liver weight, and glucose levels in the serum and liver; ALT and AST in the serum; reactive oxygen species(ROS), reduced glutathione(GSH) and oxidized glutathione(GSSG) in the liver; and lastly, receptor for advanced glycation endproducts( RAGE), Nε-carboxymethyl lysine(CML), Nε-carboxyethyl lysine(CEL), phosphorylation of inhibitory kappa B alpha(p-IκBα), nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB), activator protein-1(AP-1), cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α), β-actin, cytochrome c and caspase in the liver. Results : The liver weight and GSH/GSSG ratio were significantly increased in SP6 compared to Con. The glucose levels in the liver were significantly decreased in LR3 compared to Con. The generation of ROS and GSSG were significantly decreased in SP6 compared to Con. The expressions of RAGE, CML, AP-1, TNF-α, cytochrome c and caspase 3 were significantly decreased in LR3 compared to Con. The expressions of p-IκBα, NF-κB, AP-1, COX-2, iNOS and caspase 3 were significantly decreased in SP6 compared to Con. Conclusion : It is predicted that LR3 acupuncture is related to reduced glucose levels in the liver and expressions of AGE, and that, SP6 acupuncture is related to reduced oxidative stressrelated transcription factors and inflammation-related proteins. Therefore, we suggest that LR3 and SP6 acupuncture have protective effects on the liver of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice by preventing apoptosis.

Hepatoprotective Effects of GongJin-dan on Ethanol-mediated Experimental Liver Damage in Rats

허현,김희준,박경,곽민아,김대준,변준석 대한한방내과학회 2008 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.29 No.4

Background : A traditional Oriental medicine, GongJin-dan (GJD), is one of the most well-known tonic agents in Korea. Among 6 types of GJD components, antler, red ginseng, and Cornus fructus have shown antioxidant effects, while EtOH-induced tissue damage may be a consequence of oxidative stress. Objectives & Methods : The hepatoprotective effects of GJD were evaluated on EtOH-mediated experimental liver damaged rats at 50, 100, 250 and 500mg/kg comparing with 100mg/kg of silymarin as a reference drug in the present study. Test substances were dosed once a day for 60 days with oral administration of 20% ethanol 2.5ml/100g body weight twice a day (equivalent to 7.9g ethanol/kg/day). Each of 8 rats per group was selected using body weight at 10 days after acclimatization. Experimental animals were sacrificed after 60 days of continuous oral treatment of test substances with 20% ethanol treatment, and changes on the body weight, liver weight, and serum AST and ALT were observed. Results : There were dramatic decreases of body weight and increases of liver weight and serum AST and ALT. Similar inhibition effects on the EtOH-induced hepatic damages were detected between equal dosages of GJD and silymarin. Conclusion : Based on these results, it is concluded that GJD showed clear hepatoprotective effects on EtOH-induced hepatic damage. Background : A traditional Oriental medicine, GongJin-dan (GJD), is one of the most well-known tonic agents in Korea. Among 6 types of GJD components, antler, red ginseng, and Cornus fructus have shown antioxidant effects, while EtOH-induced tissue damage may be a consequence of oxidative stress. Objectives & Methods : The hepatoprotective effects of GJD were evaluated on EtOH-mediated experimental liver damaged rats at 50, 100, 250 and 500mg/kg comparing with 100mg/kg of silymarin as a reference drug in the present study. Test substances were dosed once a day for 60 days with oral administration of 20% ethanol 2.5ml/100g body weight twice a day (equivalent to 7.9g ethanol/kg/day). Each of 8 rats per group was selected using body weight at 10 days after acclimatization. Experimental animals were sacrificed after 60 days of continuous oral treatment of test substances with 20% ethanol treatment, and changes on the body weight, liver weight, and serum AST and ALT were observed. Results : There were dramatic decreases of body weight and increases of liver weight and serum AST and ALT. Similar inhibition effects on the EtOH-induced hepatic damages were detected between equal dosages of GJD and silymarin. Conclusion : Based on these results, it is concluded that GJD showed clear hepatoprotective effects on EtOH-induced hepatic damage.

간손상 유발실험동물에서 Toluene의 피부독성

채순님,이상희,윤종국,이상일,조현국 한국환경보건학회 2001 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.27 No.2

To evaluate the cutaneous injury in liver damaged rats by toluene application to the skin, toluene(35mg/㎤) was sequentially applied for 5 days to the dorsal skin of liver damaged rats with CCl4 (6 times ever other day:0.1ml/100 g body weight-50% CCl4in olive oil). The cutaneous ultrastructural changes were unexoectably not observed in liver from CCl4-treated rats although necrotic liver damage appeared under light microscope. In these animals by the application of toluene to rat skin the cutaneous xanthine oxidase activity was significantly increased(p<0.05), but cytochrome P450 content was not different from that of the control or only CCl4-treated rats. On the other hand, the cutaneous superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in liver damaged animals were significantly respectively(p<0.05, p<0.001), decreased by toluene application to the skin compared with control and especially the former enzyme activity was significantty decreased(p<0.01), compared with that of liver damaged rate rat but glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase activities were not significantly different from those of the control or liver damaged rats. Futhermore, the reduced gluathione content of skin was also significantly decreased by toluene application to the liver damaged animals. In conclusion, the great deposits of cerrous peroxide and ultramorphological changes in skin tissue of liver damaged animals by toluene application may be responsible for the oxygen free radical.

Deletion of liver-specific STAT5 gene alters the expression of bile acid metabolism genes and reduces liver damage in lithogenic diet-fed mice

Baik, Myunggi,Kim, Jangseon,Piao, Min Yu,Kang, Hyeok Joong,Park, Seung Ju,Na, Sang Weon,Ahn, Sung-Hoon,Lee, Jae-Hyuk Elsevier 2017 The Journal of nutritional biochemistry Vol.39 No.-

<P>Signal transducers and activators of transcription 5 (STAT5) mediates growth hormone signals, which may control hepatic cholesterol uptake and bile acid metabolism. Deregulation of liver cholesterol homeostasis and bile acid metabolism may cause liver damage and cholesterol gallstone development. The purpose of this study was to understand the role of local STAT5 signaling in cholesterol and bile acid metabolism using liver-specific STAT5 knock-out (STAT5 LKO) mice on a normal diet and a cholesterol- and bile acid-containing lithogenic diet. STAT5 LKO mice showed significant down-regulation of STAT5 and insulin-like growth factor-1 genes. STATS gene deletion had a minor effect on cholesterol metabolism, as evidenced by a minor change in circulating cholesterol levels and no changes in expression of hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor and cholesterol synthesis genes in STAT5 LKO mice. In contrast, bile acid synthesis and uptake genes were profoundly down-regulated and bile acid detoxification genes were up-regulated in STATS LKO mice. In STAT5 fl/fl mice, a lithogenic diet induced liver damage, as evidenced by moderate increases in liver ballooning, inflammation and fibrosis. However, STATS deletion ameliorated the degree of liver damage induced by the lithogenic diet. In STATS LKO mice, a lithogenic diet did not alter the incidence or severity of cholesterol gallstones. In conclusion, local STATS signaling does not have a significant role in cholesterol metabolism. In contrast, hepatic STAT5 signaling has significant roles in regulating transcription of genes for synthesis, transport and detoxification of bile acids, but it has only a minor role in bile acid metabolism. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</P>

Effect of Toluene Application to Skin on the Enhancement of Liver Injury in $CCl_4$-Pretreated Rats

Chae, Soon-Nim,Yoon, Chong-Guk,Cho, Hyun-Gug 대한의생명과학회 2001 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.7 No.2

To evaluate an effect of toluene application to skin on the enhancement of liver damage in $CCl_4$-pretreated rats, toluene (35 mg/$cm^2$) was sequentially applied for 5 days to the skin of liver damaged rats with $CCl_4$ (6 times every other day: 0.1 ml/100 g body weight-50% $CCl_4$ in olive oil) On the basis of the functional and morphological findings in rat liver, appling toluene to the skin in liver damaged animals led to the more enhanced liver damage. In addition, by applying toluene to skin of liver damaged rats, the hepatic cytochrome P450 content was somewhat more increased, but the hepatic benzylalcohol dehydrogenase activity was significantly decreased (P<0.001), whereas benzaldehyde dehydrogenase activity was not statistically changed. In conclusion, the toluene application to skin in liver-damaged rat led to enhancement of liver injury that may be due to the accumulation of toluene metabolite in liver.

β‑Sitosterol attenuates liver injury in a rat model of chronic alcohol intake

Zhenjuan Chen,Ancheng Wu,Hongmei Jin,Fuhui Liu 대한약학회 2020 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.43 No.11

Liver disease associated with long-term drinkingis one of the leading causes of death. There is an urgentneed for more effective drugs to reduce alcoholic liver damage. Yin Chen Hao, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine,is widely used for liver diseases. Here, we aimed to explorethe protective effect of β-sitosterol (the active ingredientof Artemisia spp.) on alcoholic liver injuries. We treatedthe rats with alcohol and different dosages of β-sitosterol todetect the expression levels of liver function indicators inserum. The functions of β-sitosterol were evaluated basedon variations in histology, liver function indicators and DNAoxidative damages. The underlying mechanism was investigatedby measuring lipid peroxidation, the antioxidant, theexpression of cytochrome P450 2E1 and the expression ofapoptosis related genes. The results showed that β-sitosterolcould improve liver histology and suppress biochemical indicatorscaused by alcohol in serum. In addition, β-sitosterolalleviates alcohol-induced oxidative stress, such as restoringerythrocyte membrane fluidity, reducing glutathione depletion,restoring antioxidant enzyme activity and reducingmalondialdehyde overproduction. Furthermore, β-sitosteroldownregulated the expression of apoptosis-related genesthrough the PI3K/Akt pathway. In conclusion, β-sitosterolhas a protective effect on chronic alcoholism and has broadclinical application prospects in the treatment of alcoholinducedliver damage.