국제연구개발계약상의 권리의무에 관한 고찰

손경한,박진아 국제거래법학회 2008 國際去來法硏究 Vol.17 No.2

Research and development agreements concern acquisition of know-how, theoretical analysis, studies or experiments relating to products or processes, including experimental production, establishment of necessary facilities, and obtaining of relevant intellectual property rights. In addition to technology license agreements, these days, R&D agreements are frequently employed for international technology cooperation. This is because international R&D agreements are more productive to both parties. It has been proved that R&D arrangement is more beneficial to the party who introduces foreign technology if the party is ready and able to absorb the foreign technology by way of exchange of technical personnel. Especially, R&D arrangement results in much more fruitful accomplishment than typical technology license results, should the technology to be introduced be complicated and therefore require the recipient party on the job training for understanding and digesting the foreign technology. R&D arrangements are also beneficial to the party who transfers the technology because the transferring party can establish long term relationship with the recipient party and can have more opportunities to develop the foreign market. Therefore, the international research and development projects draw attention as a desirable option for international technical co-operation. It is also true for joint R&D agreements. Joint research and developments by two or more entrepreneurs increase productivity and reduce risk, time and costs for developing the intended technology. Traditionally governments have strictly regulated joint R&D activities due to their concern to market dominance by the parties that developed new technology through the joint collaboration. However, recently they recognized that joint R&D activities promote exchange of know-how and technologies to facilitate technical and economical progress. It rationalizes the manufacture and use of products which enhances consumer welfare, and even promotes competitions among entrepreneurs for the entire market. This is the very rationale for formation of the Commission Regulation (EC) No.2659/2000 of 29 November 2000 on the application of Article 81(3) of the Treaty to categories of research and development agreements. Newly industrializing countries such as Korea must consider using the R&D options for technical cooperation with the countries already having high-tech industries. International R&D can bring improvement of the technological level and expansion of foreign markets. This paper examines the right and obligation of the parties to international R&D agreements. Establishment of fair terms and conditions of the R&D agreement is likely to enable the parties to reasonably share the resources as well as the risks for the intended research and development. Setting fair contract terms of the international research and development agreements will foster mutual benefits of the parties and secure close cooperation for the current and future project. It will further prevent possible disputes and lead to amicable solutions thereof between the parties. The R&D agreements, therefore, should allow all the parties to have access to the results of the research and to freely exploit the results of the research. Most R&D agreements provide the parties to obtain intellectual property rights for the results of the research that is decisive for the manufacture or application of the end products. Such intellectual property rights should be shared fairly by the parties. The agreements should also provide that the firms which are commissioned to manufacture be required to fulfill the orders for supplies from all the parties. The R&D agreements should be not only fair but also pro-competitive. The agreements should not require serious anti-competitive practices such as price fixing, limitation of outputs or sales, restrictions of supplies of the products to customers, prohibition of challenging the vali... Research and development agreements concern acquisition of know-how, theoretical analysis, studies or experiments relating to products or processes, including experimental production, establishment of necessary facilities, and obtaining of relevant intellectual property rights. In addition to technology license agreements, these days, R&D agreements are frequently employed for international technology cooperation. This is because international R&D agreements are more productive to both parties. It has been proved that R&D arrangement is more beneficial to the party who introduces foreign technology if the party is ready and able to absorb the foreign technology by way of exchange of technical personnel. Especially, R&D arrangement results in much more fruitful accomplishment than typical technology license results, should the technology to be introduced be complicated and therefore require the recipient party on the job training for understanding and digesting the foreign technology. R&D arrangements are also beneficial to the party who transfers the technology because the transferring party can establish long term relationship with the recipient party and can have more opportunities to develop the foreign market. Therefore, the international research and development projects draw attention as a desirable option for international technical co-operation. It is also true for joint R&D agreements. Joint research and developments by two or more entrepreneurs increase productivity and reduce risk, time and costs for developing the intended technology. Traditionally governments have strictly regulated joint R&D activities due to their concern to market dominance by the parties that developed new technology through the joint collaboration. However, recently they recognized that joint R&D activities promote exchange of know-how and technologies to facilitate technical and economical progress. It rationalizes the manufacture and use of products which enhances consumer welfare, and even promotes competitions among entrepreneurs for the entire market. This is the very rationale for formation of the Commission Regulation (EC) No.2659/2000 of 29 November 2000 on the application of Article 81(3) of the Treaty to categories of research and development agreements. Newly industrializing countries such as Korea must consider using the R&D options for technical cooperation with the countries already having high-tech industries. International R&D can bring improvement of the technological level and expansion of foreign markets. This paper examines the right and obligation of the parties to international R&D agreements. Establishment of fair terms and conditions of the R&D agreement is likely to enable the parties to reasonably share the resources as well as the risks for the intended research and development. Setting fair contract terms of the international research and development agreements will foster mutual benefits of the parties and secure close cooperation for the current and future project. It will further prevent possible disputes and lead to amicable solutions thereof between the parties. The R&D agreements, therefore, should allow all the parties to have access to the results of the research and to freely exploit the results of the research. Most R&D agreements provide the parties to obtain intellectual property rights for the results of the research that is decisive for the manufacture or application of the end products. Such intellectual property rights should be shared fairly by the parties. The agreements should also provide that the firms which are commissioned to manufacture be required to fulfill the orders for supplies from all the parties. The R&D agreements should be not only fair but also pro-competitive. The agreements should not require serious anti-competitive practices such as price fixing, limitation of outputs or sales, restrictions of supplies of the products to customers, prohibition of challenging the validity...

A Study on the Researcher’s Perception Survey for Facilitating International Joint Research

Younghee Noh,Youngji Shin 건국대학교 지식콘텐츠연구소 2019 International Journal of Knowledge Content Develop Vol.9 No.3

Multiple damage detection of maglev rail joints using time-frequency spectrogram and convolutional neural network

Yi-Qing Ni,Su-Mei Wang,Gao-Feng Jiang,Yang Lu,Guobin Lin,Hong-Liang Pan,Junqi Xu,Shuo Hao 국제구조공학회 2022 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.29 No.4

Maglev rail joints are vital components serving as connections between the adjacent F-type rail sections in maglev guideway. Damage to maglev rail joints such as bolt looseness may result in rough suspension gap fluctuation, failure of suspension control, and even sudden clash between the electromagnets and F-type rail. The condition monitoring of maglev rail joints is therefore highly desirable to maintain safe operation of maglev. In this connection, an online damage detection approach based on three-dimensional (3D) convolutional neural network (CNN) and time-frequency characterization is developed for simultaneous detection of multiple damage of maglev rail joints in this paper. The training and testing data used for condition evaluation of maglev rail joints consist of two months of acceleration recordings, which were acquired in-situ from different rail joints by an integrated online monitoring system during a maglev train running on a test line. Short-time Fourier transform (STFT) method is applied to transform the raw monitoring data into time-frequency spectrograms (TFS). Three CNN architectures, i.e., small-sized CNN (S-CNN), middle-sized CNN (M-CNN), and large-sized CNN (L-CNN), are configured for trial calculation and the M-CNN model with excellent prediction accuracy and high computational efficiency is finally optioned for multiple damage detection of maglev rail joints. Results show that the rail joints in three different conditions (bolt-loosenesscaused rail step, misalignment-caused lateral dislocation, and normal condition) are successfully identified by the proposed approach, even when using data collected from rail joints from which no data were used in the CNN training. The capability of the proposed method is further examined by using the data collected after the loosed bolts have been replaced. In addition, by comparison with the results of CNN using frequency spectrum and traditional neural network using TFS, the proposed TFSCNN framework is proven more accurate and robust for multiple damage detection of maglev rail joints.

A Study on the Factors Influencing the Satisfaction of Online Service System on the International Research Cooperation

Younghee Noh,Rosa Chang 건국대학교 지식콘텐츠연구소 2020 International Journal of Knowledge Content Develop Vol.10 No.2

사회연결망 분석을 이용한 항만경제학 분야 공동연구의 중심성에 관한 연구

손용정 ( Son Yong-jung ) 한국도서(섬)학회 2017 韓國島嶼硏究 Vol.29 No.1

Increased joint research means increase in exchange of knowledge and academic information between scholars. Social network analysis is used to analyse the meaning of increased communication between scholars and complex relations between structural characteristics, and whether they have an effect on ones academic activity. Collaboration network is a product of social cooperation formed by researchers. Academic cooperation network can be the necessary solution to convergent themes and long-term assignments. This study analysed the structural characteristics of a co-author network as an academic community in port economics through co-author data. For this study, a total of 248 papers published recently(between 2011 and 2105) were analysed. As for the analysis of research centrality of co-authors in port economics, a network using joint research structure was visualized. Port economics has inter-disciplinary networks connecting many researchers in a number of small-scale networks. The results are as follows: First, the degree of centrality for standardized actor Gi-Tae Yeo was 6.048%, which was the largest. He has a network with another 15 researchers. Second, the standard betweenness centrality of Gi-Tae Yeo was largest recording 0.546%. Third, the largest value for eigenvector centrality developed by Gi-Tae Yeo was 74.0735%. Geon-Sik Jo, Sung-Bum Kim, Jae-Young Kim, Nam-Yeon Lee, Sung-Jae Yoo, Jin-Hang Cho, Ho-Young Lee and Sung-il Park were relatively low in their centrality degree while they were close to the top in eigenvector centrality.

신지역주의(New Regionalism) 연구 네트워크 분석: 저자 키워드와 국가 간 공동연구를 중심으로

강성원,이철호 21세기정치학회 2017 21세기 정치학회보 Vol.27 No.4

This article aims to analyze the trend and characteristics of new regionalism research. It also aims to construct a cognitive map of experts in the direction of joint research between countries. This research methodologically adopts a semantic network analysis in addition to theoretical consideration and literature review. The analysis period was from 1990 to 2017, but it was divided into 1990s and 2000s. Based on analysis of 2,199 articles of the Web of Science, we completed a cognitive map of new regionalists by examining betweenness centrality and degree centrality. We found a new regionalist research flow of ‘state–hard power (politics·economy)-hegemonic power’ in the 1990s and ‘region-soft power (society·culture)-diversification of subject region’ in the 2000s. In the case of joint research between countries, the impact of the US is absolute. This study is limited to only English texts. Therefore, it is expected to do a network analysis and find its implications for articles in East Asian languages including Korean.

국내 인문사회기반 융합연구의 국제협력 현황 분석

노영희,신영지 인문사회 21 2022 인문사회 21 Vol.13 No.1

국내 인문사회기반 융합연구의 국제협력 현황 분석노 영 희*ㆍ신 영 지** 요약: 본 연구는 4차 산업혁명 도래와 함께 학제 간 경계를 초월하는 융복합 연구의 증가와 함께 국제연구협력을 통한 연구 수행이 지속적으로 증가하고 있는 상황 속에서 국내 인문사회기반의 융합연구 사업의 국제협력 현황을 살펴보고, 이를 기반으로 향후 국제화 방안을 모색해 보고자 하였다. 이에 MOU 체결 현황, 국제공동연구 현황, 학술대회개최 현황, 국내외 과학자 교류 현황 등을 분석한 결과, 학제간융합연구지원사업과 일반공동연구지원사업(융복합) 모두 국제협력에 관한 성과는 거의 이루어지지 않은 것을 볼 수 있다. 이에 향후 인문사회기반 융합연구의 국제협력이 활성화 되기 위해서는 국제협력을 수행할 수 있는 정책 및 환경 조성이 필요하며 이와 함께 전반적인 예산 증진, 국제공동연구를 수행할 수 있는 지원 등이 이루어져야 할 것으로 보인다. 핵심어: 융합연구, 인문사회기반 융합연구, 국제협력, 학제간융합연구지원사업, 일반공동융합연구지원사업(융복합) □ 접수일: 2022년 1월 10일, 수정일: 2022년 2월 3일, 게재확정일: 2022년 2월 20일* 주저자, 건국대학교 문헌정보학과 교수(First Author, Professor, KonKuk Univ., Email: younghee.korea@gmail.com)** 교신저자, 지식콘텐츠연구소 연구원(Corresponding Author, Researcher, Research Institute for Knowledge Content Development & Technology, Email: gee910125@gmail.com) Analysis of International Cooperation Status of ConvergenceResearch Based on Humanities and Society in KoreaYounghee Noh & Youngji Shin Abstract: With the advent of the 4th Industrial Revolution and the increase in convergence research across interdisciplinary boundaries, this study aims to examine the current status of international cooperation in domestic humanities and society-based convergence research projects. As a result of analyzing the status of MOU signing, international joint research, academic conference hosting, and exchange of scientists at home and abroad, it can be seen that little achievement has been made in international cooperation. Therefore, in order to revitalize international cooperation in humanities and society-based convergence research in the future, it is necessary to create policies and environments to conduct international cooperation, along with overall budget improvement and support for international joint research. Key Words: Convergence Research, Humanities and Social-based Convergence Research, International Cooperation, Interdisciplinary Convergence Research Support Project, General Joint Convergence Research Support Project (Convergence)

한국의 국제연구협력 관련 사업 동향에 관한 연구

노영희(Younghee Noh),신영지(Youngji Shin) 한국비교정부학회 2021 한국비교정부학보 Vol.25 No.4

(Purpose) In this study, by analyzing international research cooperation and international joint research-related projects, the characteristics and trends of the projects were analyzed, and subsequently, it was intended to contribute to the revitalization of international research cooperation. (Design/methodology/approach) In this study, Information on projects related to international research cooperation was established, and based on this, status analysis and text mining analysis were conducted. (Findings) As a result of the study, first, it was found that projects related to international research cooperation are being carried out centered on universities, and are being carried out with the goals of technology development, R&D, human resource training, and technical cooperation. Second, as a result of analyzing the status of joint research, it was found that they are mainly cooperating with foreign research institutes, and the countries of cooperation were the United States, France, and Germany. Third, international research cooperation is mostly conducted based on basic research, and is applied to other public purposes, advances in knowledge, education and human resource training, health, and energy. (Research implications or Originality) In the future, it seems that the analysis of related projects should be expanded not only in science and technology but also in more comprehensive fields. In addition, it is necessary to analyze the status of international research cooperation by country or subject area in detail.

항공우주 학연협력 현황과 전망

김종범(Jongbum Kim) 한국항공우주연구원 2008 항공우주산업기술동향 Vol.6 No.2

이명박 정부는 새로운 과학기술기본계획에서 지식기반경제 시대에 창의적 기초원천연구의 산실인 대학을 세계적 연구개발거점으로 육성하고, 학연 협력을 강화하는 것을 주요 내용으로 포함시키고 있다. 또한 출연(연)의 중장기 연구사업에 대학을 참여시켜 기초원천연구용 강화하고, 대학ㆍ출연(연) 공동연구 활성화르 꾀하고 대학과 출연(연)간 인력 교류 활성화를 위한 법령을 정비하고 있다. 항공우주분야도 타기술분야와 마찬가지로 대학의 혁신주체로서의 역할이 강조되고 있으며, 따라서 학-연 협력의 필요성이 증대하고 있다. 학연협력의 유형은 공동연구, 석박사인턴십, 교수-연구원 교류, 공동연구센터, 공동대학원 괴정 등으로 나누어 볼 수 있으며, 미국, 브라질, 독일, 프랑스, 일본,한국 등의 사례를 살펴보았다. 학연 협력이 성공하기 위해서는 연구주제의 높은 상호 의존도, 연구역량에 대한 상호 신뢰, 풍부하고 유연한 자원능력이 요구되고 있다. Lee, Myung-bak Administration comprises the plan to foster the Universities as a world's research and development point, and to strengthen the Institute-Academia Collaboration for the knowledge based economy in the new plan of science and technology. In addition, by participating Universities into the medium-and long-term research business of government-supported institute, it is expected to strengthen the basic initiative research, revitalize the joint study conducted by the universities and government-supported institute, and to reshuffle the statutes to promote personnel exchanges between the universities and government-supported institute. Universities role as a principle of innovation in the field of Aerospace is getting its weight so that the necessity of the institute-academia collaboration is increasing. Types of the Institute-Academia Collaboration can be categorized into the Joint-Study, internships for the students in Masters and Ph. D. programs, Professor-Researcher Exchange, Joint Research Lab, and Joint Postgraduate Course, and those are the cases from the U.S., Brazil, Germany, France, Japan, and Korea. High mutual reliance on the research subject, mutual trust on the research capability, and abundant and flexible capabilities in sources are required to make a success in Institute-Academia Collaboration.

국제공동연구 지원정책 개발에 관한 연구

김태희(Tae Hee Kim) 한국정책개발학회 2015 정책개발연구 Vol.15 No.2

본 연구는 기초 및 원천분야의 국제공동연구 정책 개발을 위하여 1단계에서 관련 부처의 국제공동연구 정책과 프로그램 현황을 분석하고, 2단계에서는 주요 학문분야에 있어 국제공동논문 상위 20위의 성과를 보이는 국내 연구기관들의 네트워크를 분석하였다. 분석결과 부처별 국제공동연구 정책 및 프로그램에 있어서는 크게 차별화된 사항을 확인하기 어려웠으나, 연구기관 간 네트워크는 학문분야별로 차별성이 확인되었다. 이에 본 연구는 기초 및 원천분야에 있어 학문분야별 연구자의 네트워크 행태와 특성에 부합하도록 정부의 국제공동연구 정책 및 프로그램이 개발되어야 함을 제안한다. This paper explores the way to develop the policy of International Joint Research through governmental policies and programmes at the first step and network analysis of main academic disciplines among top 20 research institutes at the second. While there is no discrepancy between ministries' programmes, the difference of network among the disciplines is witnessed. With this result, this paper sets out that the network feature of researchers themselves should be embedded into the governmental policies and programmes of international joint research.